1、動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentWuhan Institute of Shipbuilding TechnologyPower Engineering DepartmentLuobin動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentLesson 45 MARPOL 73/78第45課 73/78防污公約動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department MARPOL 73/78 is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollut

2、ion from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto. MARPOL 73/78系指經1978年議定書修訂的1973年國際防止船舶造成污染公約。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department The MARPOL Convention is the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operatio

3、nal or accidental causes. MARPOL公約是防止船舶因操作或事故原因而對海洋環境造成污染的主要公約。 It is a combination of two treaties adopted in 1973 and 1978 respectively and updated by amendments through the years. 它由1973年和1978年兩個相對獨立的條約聯合而成，多年來，經多個修正案更新。動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department The International Convention for the P

4、revention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) was adopted on 2 November 1973 at IMO and covered pollution by oil, chemicals, harmful substances in packaged form, sewage and garbage. 國際防止船舶造成污染公約( MARPOL)是1973年11月2日在IMO通過的，涵蓋了油污染、化學品污染、包裝形式的有毒物質污染、生活污水污染及垃圾污染。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department The

5、Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1978 MARPOL Protocol) was adopted at a Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention in February 1978 held in response to a spate of tanker accidents in 1976-1977. 關于1973年國際防止船舶造成污染公約197

6、8年議定書是在1978年2月針對1976年1977年發生的油船事故召開的油船安全和防污染(國際外交)大會上通過的 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department (Measures relating to tanker design and operation were also incorporated into a Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1974 Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974). (關于油船設計及操作的措施也包括在關于1974年國際海上人命安全公約1978

7、年議定書中)。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department As the 1973 MARPOL Convention had not yet entered into force, 鑒于MARPOL 73公約當時沒有生效， the 1978 MARPOL Protocol absorbed the parent Convention. 1978年MARPOL議定書吸收了兩個原始公約的內容。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department The combined instrument is referred to as the

8、International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78), 這也就是經1978年議定書修訂的1973年國際防止船舶造成污染公約， and it entered into force on 2 October 1983 (Annexes and ). 該公約從1983年10月2日生效(附則I和II)。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering

9、Department The Convention includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution from ships 該公約包括多個條款，目的在于防止和減少船舶污染 - both accidental pollution and that from routine operations -包括事故性污染和常規操作污染。 and currently includes six technical Annexes: 目前公約包括六個技術附則：動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Departme

10、nt Annex Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil; 附則I 防止油類污染規則； Annex Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk; 附則II 控制散裝有毒液體物質污染規則； Annex Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form; 附則III 防止海運包裝有害物質污染規則；動力工程系動力工程系Pow

11、er Engineering Department Annex Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships; 附則IV 防止船舶生活污水污染規則； Annex Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships; 附則V 防止船舶垃圾污染規則； Annex Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (entry into force 19 May 2005). 附則VI 防止船舶造成大氣污染規則(2005年5月19日生效)。動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineeri

12、ng Department Discharge Standards 排放標準排放標準 Notes: 注釋：注釋： The table below provides a summary only. 下面的表格僅是一個簡要概述。 The text of the Convention should be consulted in order to obtain full details of the discharge requirements before undertaking any waste discharge at sea. 在海上進行任何廢棄物排放之前，應參照公約以獲得更加詳細的排放規

13、定。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Different discharge standards apply in designated Special Areas. 被指定的每個“特殊區域”適用不同的排放標準。 The text of the Convention should be consulted if details are required. 如需更詳細的資料，應參考公約文本。 There are no Special Areas in Australian waters. 在澳大利亞水域沒有“特殊區域”。 動力工程系動力工程系Powe

14、r Engineering Department The term from the Nearest Land means from the baseline from which the territorial sea of the territory in question is established in accordance with international law, “距最近陸地”一詞，系指距按照國際法劃定領土所屬領海的基線， 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department except off the east coast off the nor

15、th-eastern coast of Australia where it is measured from a line drawn around the outer edge of the Great Barrier Reef (Table 45-1) . 但下敘情況除外：就本公約而言，在澳大利亞東北面“距最近陸地”系指從大堡礁外邊緣的分界線(表45-1)。動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentTable 45-1 Discharge criteria表45-1 排放標準Pollution Type 污染類型 Sub-Category子范疇 Wher

16、e/When discharge permitted允許排放的地點/時間 Oil (Annex I) 油(附則I) Oily waste from cargo tanks of oil tankers油船液貨艙含油廢棄物 More than 50 nautical miles from the nearest land; and距最近陸地50 n mile以上動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Tanker is proceeding en route; and油船正在航行途中 Instantaneous rate of discharge = 400

17、 gross Ions (Note: also applies as far as practicable and reasonable to ships 12 nm from nearest land and depth of water is 25 m 船舶距最近陸地不少于12 n mile和水深不小于25 m處 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentHigh-viscosity or solidifying高黏度或易固化物質Category Y Y類 Prewash in accordance with Convention, residues to

18、 be pumped ashore until tank is empty. Any water subsequently added may be discharged if: 按照公約要求預洗艙，殘余物被排放至岸上接收設備，并且該液貨艙完全排空，隨后加入該艙的任何水，如果滿足下列條件，可直接排放入海： 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Ship is proceeding en route at a speed of at least 7 knots; and 船舶正在途中航行，船速至少為7 kn Discharge below the wate

19、rline; and 在水線以下排放 Ship is 12 nm from nearest land and depth of water is 25 m 船舶距最近陸地不少于12 n mile和水深不小于25 m處 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentCategory YY類Category ZZ類 Ship is proceeding en route at a speed of at least 7 knots; and船舶正在途中航行，船速至少為7 knConcentration of substance in the wake of aster

20、n of ship 12 nm from nearest land and depth of water is 25 m 船舶距最近陸地不少于12 n mile和水深不小于25 m處 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentHarmful Packaged Substances (Annex ) 包裝有害物質(附則III) Jettisoning prohibited 禁止投棄入海 Sewage(Annex )生活污水(附則IV) Comminuted and disinfected sewage using an approved system使用批準的設

21、備業經粉碎和消毒的生活污水 3 nm from nearest land 在距離最近陸地3 n mile以外 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentUntreated sewage 未經處理的生活污水 12 nm from nearest land 在距離最近陸地12 n mile以外 Untreated sewage stored in holding tank 集油艙中存儲的未經處理的生活污水 12 nm from nearest land; and在距離最近陸地12 n mile以外discharged at a moderate rate; and

22、以中等速率排放ship proceeding en route at a speed of at least 4 knots 船舶以不小于4 kn的船速航行 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentSewage from an IMO approved sewage treatment plant 來自經IMO批準的生活污水處理裝置的生活污水Effluent not 10 produce visible floating solids nor cause discolouration of the surrounding water 排出物在其周圍水中不應產

23、生可見的漂浮固體，也不應使水變色動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentGarbage (Annex )垃圾(附則V) Plastics, including synthetic ropes, synthetic fishing nets, plastic garbage bags and incinerator ashes from plastic products塑料制品包括合成纜繩、合成漁網及塑料垃圾袋以及塑料制品的焚燒爐灰燼 Prohibited 禁止處理入海 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentDunnage, lining and packing materials which will float能漂浮的墊艙物料、襯料和包裝材料 25 nm from nearest land 在距離最近陸地25 n mile外處理入海 Food waste