1、精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載定 語 從 句走進中考定語從句的難點在于同學分析不清晰先行詞,不能正確使用關系代詞和關系副詞, 不能正確懂得定語從句中的一些特殊用法；中考對于定語從句的把握要求如下：1. 把握關系代詞的用法, 特殊為 that , which, who , whom,whose作主語.表語和定語的用法；2. 把握關系副詞when , where , why引導定語從句的用法；3. 把握“介詞 +關系代詞”的用法,特殊為介詞的選取和使用；4. 把握關系代詞that和 which的用法的異同；5. 把握表示地點或時間的名詞充當先行詞時,關系代詞和關系副詞的挑選問題；思維導圖精品學

2、習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載概念和位置精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載定語從句位置.概念及構成先行詞和關系詞定語從句的構成精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載that 引導精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載定語從句關系代詞引導的定語從句關系副詞引導的定語從句which 引導who , whom 引導whose引導when 引導where 引導why引導精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載只用that 不用 which的情形只用which 不用that精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載定語從句使用的留意事項定語從句中的主謂一樣

3、關系代詞和關系副詞的區分介詞 +關系代詞精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載1. 定語從句的概念和位置在句子中起定語作用的從句成為定語從句；定語從句在句子的作用相當于形容詞,故又稱為形容詞從句；（在復合句中, 修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句）；e.g.: do you know the girl who is singing on the stage.this is the museum which was built last year.2. 先行詞和關系代詞被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面；引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,指代先行詞, 放在先行詞和定語從句之

4、間起連接作用,同時又充當定語從句的某一個成分（主語.賓語.表語.狀語等）；精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載定語從句關系詞關系代詞that、 who、 whom、 whose、 which關系副詞when、 where、 why精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載e.g.: the man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.先行詞關系代詞（在從句中做主語） the train which has just left is for shenzhen. 先行詞關系代詞（做主語）let s finda place where

5、 we can have a picnic.先行詞關系副詞（地點狀語）精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載定語從句的構關系代詞 =連接詞 +代詞成：精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載he has a car. +the car has 7 seats.= he has a car and it has 7 seats.= he has a car which has 7 seats.the hotel is very clean. + we stayed here.= the hotel where we stayed was very clean.we met a ma

6、n. + the man directed us to the factory.=>we met a man and he directed us to the factory.=>we met a man who directed us to the factory.精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載3. 關系代詞引導的定語從句出題點： a 指代人的關系代詞充當主語.賓語.表語的用法；b指代物的關系代詞充當主語.賓語.表語的用法；關系代詞在句子中起連接.替代的作用,在句子中充當肯定的成分,修飾前面的先行詞；引導定語從句的關系代詞that ,which , who, w

7、hom, whose,主要用法如下表格：先行詞主語賓語全部格人who/thatwhom/thatwhose事物.動詞which/thatwhich/thatwhose人+動物thatthat人+事物關系代詞與一般代詞的區分：一般代詞只起替代作用；關系代詞替代先行詞,在定語從句中充當肯定的成分,同時把先行詞與定語從句聯系在一起,起連詞的作用；i. that 引導的定語從句that可以指人也可以指物,在定語從句中充當主語.賓語.表語；作賓 語時可以省略；作介詞賓語時,介詞不行提到that之前,如介詞提到前面,指物用 which 指人用 whome.g.: views that are entire

8、ly new may also be hard to accept.we need a person that is right for the job.the picture that we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.ii. which 引導的定語從句which 一般指物,在定語從句中作主語和賓語； 作賓語的關系代詞which可以省略（放介詞后除外）：e.g.: the river which runs through the center of the city was polluted seriously.t

9、he story which he told was very popular.the house in which i used to live has become a shoe shop.iii. who,whom引導的定語從句二者都用于指人； who在定語從句中作主語.賓語；whom在定語從句中作賓語；作賓語的關系代詞who,whom可以省略（介詞后作賓語的關系代詞除外）e.g.: -we are proud of mo yan.-yes. he is a great writer who won the nobel prize in literature in 2021.e.g.:

10、her sister married a man who/whom she met on a plane.留意 ：先行詞為 one、 ones、 anyone 或 those 時,定語從句中的關系代詞用 whoe.g.: god helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之；精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載重點提示 : whom 在定語從句中作介詞的賓語,且介詞提到whom 前面時,不能用who 代替： e.g.: the person to who you just talked is deep. 錯誤 應當為 to whom或者可以這樣表達：

11、 the person who/whom you just talked to is deep. （ 正確）在現代英語中,定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞whom 可以用 who 代替,但 who 不用于介詞之后；在非限定性定語從句中,whom 不行用 who 代替；iv. whose引導的定語從句 whose可以指人也可以指物,在定語從句中作定語； e.g.: do you know the girl whose japanese is excellent.i d likea room whose window looks out over the sea.重點提升 ：有時“ whose+名詞”可

12、用“限定詞 +名詞+of which/whom ” 或者“ of which/whom+ 限定詞+名詞”來替代；e.g.: he lives in a house whose windows face south.= he lives in a house whose windows face south.= he lives in a house the windows of which face south.另：whose+名詞引導定語從句時,名詞前不能再接限定詞,只有轉換為“限定詞+名詞+of which/whom ”或“ of which/whom+ 限定詞 +名詞”時,名詞前面可以有

13、限定詞；4. 關系副詞引導的定語從句出題點 ：關系副詞 when, where,why 的用法關系副詞在定語從句中充當狀語,一般不行省略；常用的關系副詞有when, where ,why 等；挑選哪一個關系副詞要看其前面的先行詞；關系副詞先行詞在從句中充當的成分where表示地點的名詞地點狀語when表示時間的名詞時間狀語whyreason緣由狀語e.g. i remember the day . + we first metthen .= i rememberthe day when we first met.關系副詞作時間狀語,相當于on which（1） ） when 引導定語從句whe

14、n 指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語；它的先行詞通常為time ,day, week 等表示時間的名詞；此時經常可用on which , in which ,during which等替代；e.g.: april the first is the day when people make fun of others. i still remember the time when i first travelled by plane.留意：當表示時間的先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時,關系代詞不能用when；精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載（2） ） where 引導的定語從句whe

15、re 指地點,在定語從句中作狀語； 它的先行詞常為place,house,country 等表示地點的名詞；此經常可以用 in which ,at which 等替代；e.g.: last year my parents went tothe farm where they worked 30years ago.先行詞關系副詞作地點狀語,相當于in精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載whichkeep the books in a place where you can find them easily.先行詞關系副詞作地點狀語,相當于at which精品學習資料精選學習資料 - -

16、 - 歡迎下載（3） ） why 引導的定語從句why 指緣由,在定語從句中作緣由狀語,它的先行詞通常為reason ,此經常可以用 for which來代替；e.g.: i know the reason why she left you.先行詞關系副詞作緣由狀語please tell me the reason why she is crying so badly.留意： 先行詞為 the reason,關系副詞 why 在定語從句中充當緣由狀語；但為當先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時,關系代詞不能用why ,要用 that 或which 引導；5. 定語從句中的留意事項出題點 ：a.只用

17、 that 不用 which 的情形b只用 which 不用 that 的情形c定語從句中的主謂一樣d“介詞 +關系代詞”結構中介詞的挑選（ 1） 只用 that 不用 which 的情形；a 先行詞時不定代詞或者被不定代詞修飾時先行詞為 anything, everything, nothing,few,all、 none、 little、 some 等, 或者由 every, any、 all、 some、 no、 little、 few、 much 等不定代詞修飾時,關系代詞用 that 不用 which；e.g.:have you taken down everything that

18、mr. li has said.any man that doesn t have a sense of duty can t do the thing well.b. 先行詞時序數詞或者形容詞最高級或者被其修飾時e.g.: the first thing that my brother is going to do this afternoon is to study physics.i have found the best waythat could finish the test.c. 先行詞既有指人的名詞又有指物的名詞時e.g.: he was watchingthe childre

19、n and parcelsthat filled with the car.jack took photographs ofthe things and peoplethat he was interested in.d. 當主句為以 who 或者 which 開頭的特殊疑問句時e.g.: who is the personthat is standing at the gate.which is the bike that you lost.e. 先行詞前有 the only,the very 等修飾時e.g.: this is the very dictionary that i want

20、 to buy.after the fire、 the old car was the only thing that he owned.留意：精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載當主語為以 here , there開頭且先行詞為指物的名詞時,用that而不用 which 引導；e.g. ： here is the book that you are looking for.口訣記憶：只用 that的情形： the only,the very, the same ,no, any 先行詞即有人又有物,高級,不定和序數；（ 2）只用 which 不用 that 的情形a. 關系代詞前有

21、介詞且指物時e.g.: i m looking for a containeinr which i can put all these peaches.a zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.b. 先行詞本身就為 that 時e.g.: i don t liktheat which he did.what is that which is on the ground.c. 引導非限定性定語從句時非限定性定語從句的關系代詞或關系副詞與先行詞之間常用逗號隔開；e.g.: football、 whi

22、ch is a very interesting game、 is played all over the world.their house was washed away by the floods、 which made them sad.另： 限定性定語從句即我們中學階段所學的定語從句,定語從句和先行詞之間的關系親密,不用逗號隔開,說明先行詞的性質.身份.特點等,不能去掉；非限定性定語從句主要起補充說明的作用,往往用逗號與先行詞隔開, 去掉后不影響主句的意義；（ 3）定語從句中的主謂一樣這里指關系代詞在定語從句中做主語時,定語從句中謂語動詞的單復數形式要與先行詞一樣的問題； 先行詞時單

23、數時, 從句的謂語動詞用單數； 先行詞為復數時,從句的謂語動詞用復數；e.g.: the manwho is playing football is my pe teacher.i love singers who write their own music.要點提升：“one of + 復數可數名詞”充當先行詞時,定語從句的謂語動詞用復數形式； “ the only/very/right one of +復數可數名詞”充當先行詞時,定語從句的謂語動詞用單數形式；e.g.: tom is one of the students who were awarded.tom is the only

24、one of the students who was awarded.（ 4）“介詞 +關系代詞”結構中介詞的挑選a.依據定語從句中的謂語動詞判定精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載一般定語從句的謂語動詞假如為及物動詞,后面沒有賓語時就用關系代詞；假如為不及物動詞就用關系副詞；e.g.: this is the factory that/which i visited last year.this is the factory where i used to work.小貼士 ：定語從句中到底用關系代詞仍為用關系副詞,把握好一個原就： 弄清晰它在從句中充當什么成分,充當狀語,即用關

25、系副詞,反之就用關系代詞；b 依據定語從句中所缺少的成分判定分析定語從句缺失何種成分 （主語.賓語.表語.定語.狀語）,假如缺少主語.賓語.表語.定語用關系代詞；缺少狀語用關系副詞；e.g.: is this the museumthat/which you visited a few days ago.visited后面缺少賓語is this the museumwhere the exhibition was held.was held 后面缺少地點狀語（ 5） “介詞 +關系代詞”的用法有時定語從句中的介詞可以提到關系代詞之前,形成“介詞+關系代詞”結構,該結構中個關系代詞可用which,whose,whose,whom,不行以用 that 和 who；該結構中的