1、專題10任務(wù)型閱讀1.任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。Population ChangeWhy is the worlds population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that peopl

2、e have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births pe

3、r woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the worlds population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might thi

4、nk that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the worlds people now live in such nations), but youd be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A grea

5、t decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population zxxk decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectati

6、ons will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble. Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest the

7、 country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends dont bend, Russias population will be about the size of Yemen

8、s by the year 2050. In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban

9、 areas. In total, 25% of Indias working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the countrys potential work force could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a popu

10、lation that is expected to grow by 20% from 20102030. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result its likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term. Population Change 71. 【答案】lower

11、【解析】根據(jù)declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st可知，21世紀(jì)的出生率比20世紀(jì)低，且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修飾比較級(jí)，故填lower。72. 【答案】size/scale 【解析】根據(jù)第二段中的almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate可知，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家人口出生率正在下降，即人口難以維持現(xiàn)有的規(guī)模，maintain一詞是做題的依據(jù)，故填size/scale。 74. 【答案】eco

12、nomic 【解析】接下來(lái)幾段分別講了中國(guó)、俄羅斯、印度的人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，根據(jù)economic development before a population decline hits the country可知答案。75.【答案】old/older 【解析】根據(jù)A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China可知，中國(guó)可能會(huì)迎來(lái)年輕勞動(dòng)力的危機(jī)，故填older。76.【答案】earlier 【解析】根據(jù)the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Rus

13、sia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it可知，俄羅斯人口由于縮短的壽命而急劇下降。77.【答案】living/life 【解析】此處是說(shuō)，如果俄羅斯人改變他們的生活方式，他們的情況可能會(huì)好一些。78. 【答案】equality 【解析】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth r

14、ate is falling rapidly可知，教育可以降低出生率，因此，可以通過(guò)普及教育來(lái)抑制人口增長(zhǎng)。79. 【答案】immigration 【解析】根據(jù)最后一段中的One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.可知，通過(guò)移民來(lái)引入外來(lái)工人是解決勞動(dòng)力短缺的一種方法。80. 【答案】compensate 【解析】根據(jù)最后一段中的Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result

15、its likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population可知，美國(guó)的移民政策將會(huì)使勞動(dòng)力有所增加。接納移民可以彌補(bǔ)勞動(dòng)力的短缺。2.【江蘇省泰州市泰州中學(xué)2018屆高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試】任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最拾當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)的橫線上。“The gaokao, China's national college entrance exam, is winning more recog

16、nition as a way for universities overseas to evaluate Chinese students,” recruiting officers said. Stanley Nel, vice-president of international relations at the University of San Francisco in the United States, who is responsible for the university's admissions from China, said he had had severa

17、l inquiries from US universities about how to recruit Chinese students on the basis of their gaokao scores. The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) have long been two musts for students from other counties, including China, to apply to study in the US

18、. USF, a private university in California, started a pilot program to accept Chinese students based on their gaokao scores in 2015. The idea came from USF President Paul Fitzgerald's belief that standardized tests like the SAT are not very good predictors of how well students will do at the univ

19、ersity. "We are aware of the many criticisms that have been made of the gaokao, but it has the advantage of being what educational experts call a 'criterion-referenced' exam: It tests whether students are able to master a given body of knowledge," he said. Currently, at least four

20、higher education institutions in the US are recruiting Chinese students based on their gaokao performances. The Illinois Institute of Technology, a private institution in Chicago, started the practice first, in 2009. Outside the US, countries including Spain, Italy, Singapore, France and Australia a

21、lso recognize gaokao scores. More than 200 students from China requested an interview with USF last year. 74 of them were selected for a follow-up interview,44 received offers and 20 accepted the invitation and joined USF for the 2015 fall semester. Students admitted in this way have done "exce

22、ptionally well" in the past academic year, Nel added. "The average GPA for all gaokao students is about 3. 5 out of 4. For all other studentsAmerican and non-gaokao international studentsAmerican and non-gaokao international studentsthe average GPA is 3. 2,"he said. Zhu Zihao gained a

23、dmission in computer sciences at USF in 2015 through the program and performed well in his first academic year. He said that students who had experienced China's gaokao usually had comprehensive basic knowledge, which helps them excel in studies. Nel said, "students admitted through China&#

24、39;s gaokao are not only smart but extremely conscientious（認(rèn)真的）and hardworking. ""This year we hope to recruit about 50 students in this way, and even more in years to come," he said. The gaokaoPast situationUniversities in the US evaluated Chinese students according to two (1)_: The

25、Test of English as a Foreign Language and the Scholastic Aptitude Test. (2)_situationThe gaokao is increasingly(3)_as a way of evaluating Chinese students by universities abroad. (4)_of the people concernedStanley Nelthe person responsible for the universitys admissions from ChinaChinese students ha

26、ving received good scores in the gaokao performed academically well when studying in America. Chinese students admitted through China gaokao are smart, conscientious and (5)_. Paul FitzgeraldUSF PresidentDespite the (6)_the gaokao has received, it has its advantages. It tests students (7)_to master

27、a given body of knowledge. Some standardized tests cannot(8)_students performance at the university well. Zhu Zihaoa student admitted to USF in 2015The(9)_of the gaokao is helpful for the performance at the university well. Future situationMore Chinese students will be recruited by the universities

28、overseas(10)_on their performance in the gaokao. 【答案】1. musts 2. Present/Current3. recognized 4. Opinions/Views/Ideas/Beliefs5. hardworking6. criticisms 7. ability 8. predict 9. experience 10. based【分析】1. 信息查找題。根據(jù)The Test of English as a Foreign Language and the Scholastic Aptitude Test.可以定位到原文的第三段T

29、he Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) have long been two musts所以填原詞musts“必要條件”。2. 信息查找題。根據(jù)universities abroad可以定位到原文第五段Currently, at least four higher education institutions in the US are recruiting Chinese students based on their gaokao performances

30、.可知應(yīng)該填Current/Present situation現(xiàn)狀。3. 信息查找題。根據(jù)原文第一段，可知將recognition替換成表格中的be recognized as被當(dāng)成，被認(rèn)可。4. 總結(jié)概括題。根據(jù)表格右側(cè)的內(nèi)容可知，左側(cè)應(yīng)該是總結(jié)：相關(guān)人物的觀點(diǎn)，故填Opinions/Views/Ideas/Beliefs。5. 信息查找題。根據(jù)conscientious 可以定位原文最后一段：not only smart but extremely conscientious（認(rèn)真的）and hardworking.6. 信息查找題。根據(jù)Paul Fitzgerald可以定位到原文第四段，

31、其中We are aware of the many criticisms that have been made of the gaokao, but it has the advantage of being what educational experts call a 'criterion-referenced' exam:。but作為轉(zhuǎn)折可以替換成despite of criticism。7. 信息查找題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句It tests whether students are able to master a given body of knowledge，將

32、be able to 換成ability。8. 信息查找題。根據(jù)standardized tests可以定位原文的第四段standardized tests like the SAT are not very good predictors of how well students will do at the university可以得出cannot后填動(dòng)詞原形predict。9. 信息查找題。根據(jù)Zhu zihao可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段He said that students who had experienced China's gaokao usually had compre

33、hensive basic knowledge, which helps them excel in studies.表格中用experience名詞。10. 信息查找題。根據(jù)原文第4段開頭accept Chinese students based on their gaokao scores不難得出應(yīng)該填based。3.【南京、鹽城20162017學(xué)年第一次模擬考試】任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。Until about 18 yea

34、rs ago, it was widely assumed that most of brain development occurs in the first few years of life. But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans. This advancement in knowledge has increased old worr

35、ies and given rise to new ones. It is hugely worrying that so many teenagers around the world dont have access to education at a time when their brains are still developing and being shaped by the environment. We should also worry about our lack of understanding of how our rapidly changing world is

36、shaping the developing teenage brain.Decades of research on early neurodevelopment suggested that the environment influences brain development. During the first few months or years of life, an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli (聽覺刺激) for the associated brain cells and c

37、onnections to develop. In this way, neuronal circuitry (神經(jīng)元回路) is shaped according to the environment during sensitive periods of brain development. This research has focused mostly on early development of sensory brain regions. What about later development of higher-level brain regions, which are i

38、nvolved in decision-making, control and planning, as well as social understanding and self-awareness? We know these brain regions continue to develop throughout adolescence. However, we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain. This is somethi

39、ng that should concern us.Theres a lot of concern about the hours some teenagers spend online and playing video games. But maybe all this worry is misplaced. After all, throughout history humans have worried about the effects of new technologies on the minds of the next generation. When the printing

40、 press was invented, there was anxiety about reading corrupting young peoples minds, and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television. Maybe we shouldnt be worried at all. Its possible that the developing brains of todays teenagers are going to be the most adaptable, crea

41、tive, multi-tasking brains that have ever existed. There is evidence from adults that playing video games improves a range of cognitive functions such as divided attention and working memory. Much less is known about how gaming, social networking and so on, influence the developing adolescent brain.

42、 We dont know whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive, negative or neutral. We need to find out.Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapeable, and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development. However, acco

43、rding to UNICEF, 40% of the worlds teenagers do not have access to secondary school education. The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher, and yet there is strong evidence that the education of girls in developing countries has multiple significant benefits for fa

44、mily health, population growth rates, child mortality rates, HIV rates as well as for womens self-esteem and quality of life. Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training should be particularly beneficial. I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the worlds teen

45、agers access to education.Worrying about the teenage brainIntroductionDifferent from the previous researches, a new one reveals that brain development will (1)  even in the teenage years and beyond, which(2)  some worries.Various factors (3)  the teenage brain and new worries Particul

46、ar visual or auditory stimuli are a must for animals to (4) neuronal circuitry at the early time of life. We should be (5)  about what influence the environment has on the developing teenage brain. Humans always face new technologies with a sense of anxiety that young peoples minds are (6) . We

47、 are supposed to find out what kind of role new technologies play in the (7) of the teenage brain. Education is of great (8) in adolescence when the brain is developing and being shaped. However, it isnt (9)  to two fifths of the worlds teenagers, girls in particular. We are expected to be (10)

48、  of the effects of education on the developing brains. 【答案】1. continue 2. causes 3. affecting/influencing 4. shape 5. concerned/worried/anxious6. corrupted 7. development 8. importance/significance/benefit 9. accessible/available 10. aware/conscious【分析】1.句意理解題，對(duì)應(yīng)原文But recent research on the hu

49、man brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans.中的undergo prolonged development可知整個(gè)青少年時(shí)期人的大腦的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)展都一直不斷進(jìn)行著，得出答案。2.句意理解題，定位到原文“This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to new ones.”中找到核心短語(yǔ)：has increased

50、 old worries “徒增煩惱”，也就是導(dǎo)致、造成煩惱，只有cause符合，注意三單。3.總結(jié)概括題，根據(jù)后面的六點(diǎn)可以反推這里在講影響大腦的一些因素，原文第二段最后也有提示：we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain.但注意缺詞空所在的不是句子是名詞短語(yǔ)，所以不能填influence的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。4.句意理解題，對(duì)應(yīng)原文“an animal must be exposed to particular visual or audi

51、tory stimuli(聽覺刺激)for the associated brain cells and connections to develop. In this way, neuronal circuitry(神經(jīng)元回路)is shaped according to the environment during 'sensitive periods' of brain development."這里是拿“neuronal circuitry”做主語(yǔ)是被particular visual or auditory stimuli塑造(be shaped)，那以pa

52、rticular visual or auditory stimuli做主語(yǔ)就是塑造(shape)了neuronal circuitry.5.信息查找題，根據(jù)文章“However, we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain. This is something that should concern us."可知人們對(duì)這些environmental factors并不熟悉和確定，所以持擔(dān)憂的態(tài)度，可以將句尾的concern加上

53、ed改成形容詞，也可以用worried或anxious。6.信息查找題。定位到原文：When the printing press was invented, there was anxiety about reading corrupting young peoples minds, and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television.和表格里的句子進(jìn)行比較找到核心詞corrupting，表格據(jù)前面有be動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)句，答案為corrupted。7.信息查找題，對(duì)應(yīng)細(xì)節(jié)：We dont kno

54、w whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive, negative or neutral. We need to find out.找到核心詞匯developing，空格部分需填名詞，所以轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞形式。8. 句意理解題。對(duì)應(yīng)細(xì)節(jié)：Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapeable, and it represents a good opportunity for learning

55、 and social development.再加上缺詞空be of great sth的句型可知答案：importance/significance/benefit。9.信息查找題。對(duì)應(yīng)細(xì)節(jié)：40% of the worlds teenagers do not have access to secondary school education. The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher,文中的40%的人對(duì)應(yīng)two fifths of the worlds teenagers;

56、 have no access to education對(duì)應(yīng)be accessible/available to。10.總結(jié)概括題，對(duì)應(yīng)細(xì)節(jié)“Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training should be particulaly beneficial. I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the world's teenagers access to education.”可以概括出希望我們能意識(shí)到教育對(duì)大腦發(fā)育的作用。

57、be_ of表示意識(shí)到可填:aware或conscious. 4.【蘇州市2017屆高三第一次調(diào)研測(cè)試】任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。Are We More Narcissistic Than Ever Before?Like the flower, narcissism(自戀) has continued to flourish in modern civilization, which has become such a part of culture. But na

58、rcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture, which really has three types of narcissism. Problems arise when people discuss narcissism without identifying the form.Grandiose(浮夸) narcissism is the outgoing, extraverted(外向) form. The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter, better looking and more important than others. And, of course, he or she gets special treatment for this fact. In fact, some of them can be very charming, likable and enjoy people. On t