1、人教版新目標八年級下冊知識點總結I. 重點短語1. on time2. out of3. all by oneself4. lots of5. no longer6. get back7. sooner or later8. run away9. eat up10. take care of11. turn off12. turn on13. after a while14. make faces15. teach oneself16. fall off17. play the piano18. knock at19. to one's surprise20. look up21. e

2、njoy oneself22. help yourself23. tell a story / stories24. leave.behind 25. come along26. hold a sports meeting27. be neck and neck28. as . as29. not so / as . as30. do one's best31. take part in32. a moment late33. Bad luck!34. fall behind35. high jump36. long jump37. relay race38. well done!39

3、. take off40. as usual41. a pair of42. at once43. hurry off44. come to oneself45. after a while46. knock on47. take care of48. at the moment49. set off50. here and there51. on watch52. look out53. take ones placeII. 重要句型1. Wed better not do sth.2. leave one. oneself3. find ones way to a place4. stan

4、d on ones head5. make sb. Happy6. catch up with sb.7. pass on sth. to somebody8. spend time doing sth.9. go on doing sth.10. get on well with sb.11. be angry with sb.12. be fed up with sth.13. notuntil14. make room for sb.III. 交際用語1. Were all by ourselves.2. I fell a little afraid.3. Dont be afraid.

5、4. Help!5. Cant you hear anything?6. I cant hear anything / anybody there.7. Maybe its a tiger.8. Lets get it back before they eat the food.9. Did she learn all by herself?10. Could she swim when she was years old?11. She didnt hurt herself.12. He couldnt buy himself many nice things.13. Did he enjo

6、y himself?14. Help yourselves.15. Bad luck!16. Come on!17. Well done! Congratulations (to)!18. It must be very interesting.19. I dont think youll like it.20. It seems to be an interesting book.21. Im sure (that) Im not sure if Im not sure what to22. I hope so.23. What was he/she drawing when?24. Im

7、sorry to trouble you.25. Would you please?26. What were you doing at ten oclock yesterday morning?27. You look tired today.28. Youd better go to bed early tonight, if you can.29. How kind!30. Lets move the bag, or it may cause an accident.31. Its really nice of you.32. Dont mention it.33. Dont crowd

8、 around him.IV. 重要語法1. 不定代詞/副詞的運用；2. 反身代詞的用法；3. 并列句；4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級；5. 冠詞的用法；6. 動詞的過去進行時；【難點詳解】1. bring/takeBring表示“帶來、拿來”，指從別處朝說話人所在或將在的地方“帶來、拿來”。而take則表示“拿去、帶走”，它表示的方向與bring相反，指從說話人所在地“拿走、帶走”。如：Bring me the book, please. 把那本書給我拿來。Take some food to the old man. 給那位老人帶去些食物。2. somebody/ anybody/nobody

9、一般說來，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句。例如：Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出來時有人來見你。Does anybody live on this island? 有人在這島上住嗎？I didn't see anybody there. 我在那兒誰也沒看見。Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 別讓任何人進來。我太忙，誰也不想見。There is nobody in the room. 房間里沒人。Nobo

10、dy told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it . 誰也沒告訴我你病了。所以我不知道。3. listen, listen to, hear這三個詞意思都是“聽”，但是它們的用法不完全相同。它們的區別在于：(1)listen 只用于不及物動詞，后面接人或人物做賓語，著重于“傾聽”，指的是有意識的動作，至于是否聽到，并非強調的重點。如：Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 聽！有人在教室唱歌。(2)listen to 為listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做賓語，這里的

11、to是介詞。如：Do you like listening to light music?你喜歡聽輕音樂嗎？(3)hear 可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞，意思是“聽到、聽見”，指用耳朵聽到了某個聲音，表示無意識的動作，著重于聽的能力和結果。如：We hear with our ears.我們用耳朵聽。She listens but hears nothing.她聽了聽，但是什么也沒有聽見。4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little(1)many修飾可數名詞，much修飾不可數名詞；都表示許多。例如：  He has many book

12、s.他有許多書。  He drank much milk.他喝了許多牛奶。(2)a few和a little都表示"有一點兒"，側重于肯定，相當于"some"，但a few修飾可數名詞，a little修飾不可數名詞，例如：He has a few friends in London.他在倫敦有一些朋友。Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝點咖啡好嗎？好的，只要一點。(3)few和little表示"幾乎沒有"，側重否定。few后接可數名詞，little后接不可數名詞

13、。例如：He is a strange man. He has few words.他是個怪人，他幾乎不說什么話。Hurry up, there is little time left.趕快，沒什么時間了。5. either/ neither/ botheither可作形容詞，一般指"兩者中的任何一個"。有時也可表示"兩個都"的意思，后跟名詞的單數形式；neither: 指兩者中沒有一個，全否定；both: 指兩者都，肯定。句中可作主語、賓語和定語，both后面應跟名詞的復數形式。如：  Neither of the films is good

14、.兩部電影都不好。（沒有一部是好的）  Either of the films is good. 兩部電影都不錯。（謂語動詞用單數）  Both the teachers often answer the questions.這兩個老師都常常解答問題。6. take part in/jointake part in參加某種活動; join參加，加入某一政黨或組織。例如：Can you take part in my party.你能來參加我的派對嗎？We often take part in many school activities.我們經常參加學校里的一些活動。He

15、joined the party in 1963. 他1963年入的黨。My little brother joined the army last year. 我小弟去年參的軍。7. quite/ rather/ very(1)quite 表示程度“很，十分，完全地”，“相當”。如：She is quite right.她對極了。That's not quite what I want . 那并不完全是我所要的。(2)rather 表示程度上的“相當”，比預想地程度要大，通常用在不喜歡的情況下。如：It's rather cold today.今天的天氣相當冷。(3)very

16、表示程度“很，甚，極其，非常”，用于修飾形容詞或副詞，既可用在喜歡的情況下，也可用于不喜歡的情況下。應注意“a very +形容詞+可數名詞的單數”結構中，"a"應置于"very"之前，該結構相當“quite a/an +形容詞+名詞”的結構。如：Two months is quite a long time. / a very long time. 兩個月是一段很長的時間。It's a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今天天氣很好。【考點掃描】中考考點在本單元主要集中在：1. 不定代詞/副詞的運用；2. 反身

17、代詞的用法；3. 并列句；4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級；5. 冠詞的用法；6. 動詞的過去進行時；7. 本單元學過的詞匯、短語和句型；8. 本單元學過的日常交際用語。考試形式可以是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。【中考范例】1. -I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.  -Oh, I am sorry I _ dinner at my friends home.  A. have  B. had  C. was having  D. have had【解析】答案

18、：C。該提考查的是動詞的時態。表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作應用過去進行時。2. -Which is _, the sun, the moon or the earth?  -Of course the moon is.  A. small  B. smaller  C. smallest  D. the smallest【解析】答案：D。該提考查的是形容詞的比較等級。三者進行比較，其中最小的應用最高級，而形容詞最高級之前必須加頂冠詞the。3. Bob never does his homework _ Mary. He makes lots

19、 of mistakes.  A. so careful as  B. as carefully as  C. carefully as  D. as careful as【解析】答案：B。該提考查的是形容詞和副詞的用法區別。空白處所缺的詞是修飾動詞短語does his homework的，應該用副詞。另外，表示“某人做事不如某人細心”應用“not as carefully as”這樣的結構。4. -I like riding fast. Its very exciting.  -Oh! You mustnt do it like that,

20、_ it may have an accident.  A. and  B. or  C. so  D. but  【解析】答案：B。該提考查的是連接并列句的并列連詞的選擇。And通常連接兩個意思一致的并列句，so連接兩個有因果關系的并列句，but連接兩個有轉折關系的并列句，or相當于if not意思是“否則”。【滿分演練】一. 單項選擇1. Who jumps _ in your class?A. far    B. farther  C. farthest  D. longer2. -I m

21、ade the cake by _. Help _, Tom.-Thanks, Jane.A. ourselves; yourself  B. myself; yourselfC. myself; yourselves  D. ourselves; yourselves3. There _ a football game on TV this afternoon.A. is going to have  B. will beC. is going to play  D. will play4. Wu Dong was _ tired that he co

22、uldn't keep his eyes_.A. too, open  B. so, closed  C. too, closed  D. so, open5. Can you hear _?A. something  B. anything  C. nothing  D. somebody6. The students stop _ when the teacher came in.A. to talk  B. talking  C. talked  D. talk7. I told him _

23、 story.A. the whole  B. the all  C. whole the  D. all8. Please _ early tomorrow, mum.A. wake up me  B. wakes me upC. wake me up  D. will wake me up9. He will go to the Great Wall if it _ tomorrow.A. won't rain  B. doesn't rain  C. don't rain  D. is

24、n't raining10. Can you tell us _?A. where have you gone  B. where you have goneC. where have you been  D. where you have been11. Li Lei, sit down, please. I'll _ you some tea.A. take  B. to bring  C. get  D. give12. Don't forget to _ your dictionary here tomorrow

25、.A. take  B. bring  C. carry  D. borrow13. He couldn't wash _ when he was five years old.A. his  B. him  C. himself  D. herself14. Why did you leave your daughter at home all by _.A. yourself  B. himself  C. herself  D. myself15. I bought my son a bik

26、e, _ he like it a lot.A. and   B. but  C. or   D. at16. _ , Li Lei was far behind the others at first.A. At the 800-metre race   B. In the 800-metres raceC. In the 800-metre rece   D. At the 800-metres race17. My parents are teachers. They _ teach English

27、.A. Both  B. all  C. both  D. are18. Kate is an _ girl.A. eight-year-old   B. eight-years-oldC. six-year-old    D. six-years-old19. Who jumped _ of all in the long jump?A. longest   B. longer   C. farther   D. farthest20. The runn

28、er fell, but he quickly got up and _.A. went on running  B. went on to runC. went on run   D. went on ran二. 完型填空    Mr Smith left his car 1 his house one night, but when he came down the nest_2 to go to his office, he found the car 3 there. He called the police and told

29、 them the 4 . And they said they must 5 him to find the car. 6   Mr Smith came home from his office that evening, the car was back again in its usual (通常的) place 7 his house, He examined (檢察) it carefully to see if (是否) it was damaged (損壞), and found 8  theatre (劇院) tickets on on

30、e of the seats (座位) and a letter, It said, “We feel very 9  . We took your car because we had an mergency (急診).”    Mr and Mrs Smith went to the theatre with the two tickets the next night and 10 themselves very much.    When they got home, they found thieves (賊) t

31、ook away everything in their house.1. A inside    B. outside  C. from       D. under2. A. evening  B. morning  C. afternoon  D. night3. A. wasn't   B. was      C. left     

32、0; D. went4. A. wrong    B. matter   C. thing      D. idea5. A. made     B. let      C. help       D. ask6. A. If       B. Because  C.

33、When       D. Before7. A. in the front of      B. in front of   C. on the front of      D. on front of8. A. many     B. no       C. two    &

34、#160;   D. one9. A. sorry    B. afraid   C. happy      D. sad10. A. helped  B. taught   C. hurt       D. enjoyed三. 閱讀理解(A)    Do you live in a city? Do you know how cities beg

35、in? Long ago, the world had only a few thousand people. These people moved from place to place. They moved over the land, hunting (打獵) animals for food.    No one knows how or where these people learned about growing food. But when they did, their lives (生活) changed. They didn't h

36、ave to look for food any more. They could stay in one place and grow it.    People began to live near one another. And so the first villages grew.    Many people came to work in the village. These villages grew very big.    When machines came along (出現),

37、life in the villages changed again. Factories were built (建立). More and more people lived near the factories. The cities grew very big.    Today, some people are moving back to small towns. Can you tell why?根據短文內容判斷正誤：正確的答“A”，錯誤的答“B”。1. Long ago, a few people could stay in one place,

38、hunting animals for food.2. When these people learned to grow food, their lives changed.3. Factories were built after the cities grew big.4. Today, some people don't live to live in big cities.5. Everyone knows how and where cities began.         

39、0;                 (B)Almost everyone likes dogs, and almost everyone likes to read stories about dogs. I have a friend. He has a large police dog named Jack. Police dogs are very clever. Every Sunday afternoon my friend

40、 takes Jack for a long walk in the park. Jack like these long walks very much.One Sunday afternoon a young man came to visit my friend. He stayed a long time. He talked and talked. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk. But the visitor still stayed. Jack became very worried. He wa

41、lked around the room several times and then sat down in front of the visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid not attention. He went on talking. Finally Jack got angry. He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later. He sat down again in front of the visitor, but this time he took

42、the visitor's cap in his mouth.1. The young visitor stayed a long time, didn't he? _.A. Yes, he didB. Yes, he didn'tC. No, He didn'tD. No, he did.2. Jack became very worried because _.A. he wanted to have something to eatB. he wanted to play with himC. he wanted to go outD. he didn&#

43、39;t know the young man3. Jack sat down in front of the visitor because _.A. he wanted to join the talkB. he wanted the visitor to leaveC. he wanted the visitor to talk with himD. he wanted to show the visitor how clever he was4. The visitor went on talking and _.A. he didn't like JackB. he paid

44、 no attention to JackC. he paid no attention to his capD. he didn't care that his cap was his cap was taken away by Jack5. Jack went out of the room with nothing, but came back with _ in his mouth.A. somethingB. nothingC. the visitor's capD. the visitor's shoe    

45、0;                         (C)Mr White and his wife wanted to paint(油漆) the outside of their house. To save(節省) money they wanted to do it themselves. On Saturday morning they boug

46、ht some paint and two brushes(刷子). They began that afternoon with the back ol the house. The next Saturday Mr White went to a football match(比賽) but his wife painted the front of the house. On Sunday they found they couldn't open any of the front windows. They got them all open in the end. But t

47、hey broke three of the seven. They were very dear to mend. Next time when they want to save money theyll certainly ask somebody to do the work.l. Mr White wanted to paint _ .A. the front of the house   B. the back of the houseC. the front windows      D. the outsid

48、e of the house2. They wanted to do the work themselves because_ .A. the windows were very easy to breakB. the windows were very hard to openC. nobody could do this work wellD. they didn't want to give more money3. The work lasted for about _.A. two days       &

49、#160;     B. less than a weekC. three days            D. more than a week4. They have to ask somebody to mend the _ windows.A. three   B. four   C . five   D. seven5. Next time they will ask somebody to work for them becauseA. they want to go to football matchesB. it is no longer an interesting thing for themC. they have no more pa