1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)五：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、it的用法、省略和插入語(yǔ)一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句（一）強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型1、陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：it is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）+ that/ who（當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)指人）+ 其它部分。e.g. it was yesterday that he met li ping.2、一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。e.g. was it yesterday that he met li ping?3、特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？e.g. when

2、and where was it that you were born?4、強(qiáng)調(diào)句例句：針對(duì)i met li ming at the railway station yesterday.句子進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：it was i that (who) met li ming at the railway station yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：it was li ming that i met at the railway station yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：it was at the railway station that i met li ming yesterday

3、.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：it was yesterday that i met li ming at the railway station.5、注意：構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的it本身沒有詞義；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that, who，即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)也如此，that, who不可省略；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用it was ，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用it is 。（二）not until 句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句1、句型為：it is/ was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分e.g. 普通句：he didnt go

4、 to bed until/ till his wife came back.強(qiáng)調(diào)句：it was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，till, until可通用；因?yàn)榫湫椭衖t is/ was not 已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。（三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)1、it is/ was that 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞do/ does或did。e.g. do sit down. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。he did write t

5、o you last week. 上周他確實(shí)給你寫了信。do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時(shí)，務(wù)必（千萬(wàn)）要小心?。?、注意：此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/ does和did ，沒有別的形式；過去時(shí)用did ，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。二、it的用法（一）作人稱代詞1、it代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。e.g. you cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的a

6、ir）they say he has left town, but i dont believe it. （it代替前面theytown分句中的情況）2、代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽(yáng)性的東西（包括嬰兒）。e.g. yesterday we saw a big tree. it was fully twenty metres high. （it代替前面的tree）the baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）3、在某些習(xí)慣說法中，可以代替人。e.g. - someone is knocking at the door, peter.- wh

7、o is it?- its me.- who are singing?- it is the children.- the light is still on in the lab. it must be the third-year students doing the experiment.4、it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場(chǎng)合；one則用于同名異物的場(chǎng)合。e.g. - do you still have the bicycle?- no, i have sold it.- is this knife yours?- no. it is xiao

8、 zhangs. mine is the one on the desk.5、it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類，并非同一個(gè)。e.g. the climate of south china is mild（溫和的）; i like it very much.（it指the climate of south china）the climate of south china is much better than that of japan.（that指the climate）（二）作無(wú)人稱代詞it作無(wú)人稱代詞時(shí)，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語(yǔ)外，另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它后面的

9、內(nèi)容都是表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離、度量衡及情況等。it is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).it is noon.it is a half hours walk to the factory.it is eighteen square metres in area.what does it matter?（三）作強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用以幫助改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分受到強(qiáng)調(diào)?！癷t is (was) + 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分?！痹谶@個(gè)句型中，it本身沒有詞義。詳見“一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句”。（四）引導(dǎo)詞it作形式主語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主

10、語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)）it ，而把真正的主語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)）置于句子后面。通常引導(dǎo)詞it與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。e.g. it takes half an hour to go there on foot.（it與to go there on foot之間夾有takes half an hour四個(gè)詞）we thought it strange that mr smith did not come last night. （it與that從句中間夾有 strange）但有時(shí)it與所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。e.g. you may depend on it that they will sup

11、port you.（因?yàn)榻樵~on之后一般不直接接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。注意：it不是多余的，不能當(dāng)作錯(cuò)句）練習(xí)一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、it的用法1. my bike is missing. i cant find _ anywhere.a. oneb. onesc. itd. that 2. - whos that?- _ professor li.a. thats b. itsc. hesd. thiss3. _ was jane that i saw in the library this morning.a. itb. hec. shed. that4. - have you ever seen

12、a whale alive?- yes, ive seen _.a. that b. itc. suchd. one5. the color of my coat is different from _ of yours.a. thisb. thatc. itd. one6. _ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.a. itb. therec. thosed. you7. we think _ our duty to pay taxes to our government.a. thatb. thisc. itsd. it8.

13、 the climate of shanghai is better than _ of nanjing.a. thatb. itc. whichd. what9. _ four years since i joined the army.a. there wasb. there isc. it wasd. it is10. how long _ to finish the work?a. youll takeb. youll take itc. will it take youd. will take you11. it was through xiao li _ i got to know

14、 xiao wang.a. whob. whomc. howd. that12. it was in the rice fields _ we had our league meeting.a. whereb. thatc. in whichd. on which13. it was on october 1st _ new china was founded.a. whichb. whenc. asd. that14. was it because he was ill _ he asked for leave?a. andb. thatc. thats d. so15. mary spea

15、ks in a low voice; _ is difficult to know what she is saying.a. itb. thatc. sod. she16. it was _ i met mr green in shanghai.a. many years thatb. many years beforec. many years ago thatd. many years when17. _ is not everybody _ can draw so well.a. it, allb. it, that c. there, whod. there, that18. so

16、_ that no fish can live in it.a. shallow is the lakeb. the lake is shallowc. shallow the lake isd. is the lake shallow三、省略為了使講話和行文簡(jiǎn)潔，句中某些成分有時(shí)可省略。省略可分以下幾種情況：（一）簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略1、省略主語(yǔ)：祈使句中主語(yǔ)通常省略。其它省略主語(yǔ)多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。e.g. (i) thank you for your help.（括號(hào)內(nèi)為省略的詞語(yǔ)，下同）(i) see you tomorrow.(it) doesnt matter.2、省略主謂語(yǔ)或主謂語(yǔ)的

17、一部分。e.g. (there is) no smoking.(is there) anything wrong?why (do you) not say hello to him?3、省略作賓語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)，只保留to。e.g. - are you going there?- id like to (go there).he did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).注意：如果該賓語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在to之后加上be或have。e.g. - are you an engine

18、er?- no, but i want to be.- he hasnt finished the task yet. - well, he ought to have.4、省略表語(yǔ)。e.g. - are you thirsty?- yes, i am (thirsty).5、同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分。e.g. lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.- have you finished your work?- (i have) not (finished my work) yet.（二）并列句中的省略兩個(gè)并列分句中，后一個(gè)分句常省略與前一

19、分句中相同的部分。e.g. my father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.i study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.（三）主從復(fù)合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略。e.g. (im) sorry to hear that you are ill.(it is a) pity that he missed such a good chance.2、省略了一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。e.g. - is he coming bac

20、k tonight?- i think so.- is he feeling better today?- im afraid not.這種用法常見的有：how so? why so? is that so? i hope so. he said so 及i suppose not. i believed not. i hope not等。（但i dont think so比i think not更常用）。（四）其它省略1、連詞that的省略：、賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略連詞that，但也有不能省略的情況（參看“名詞性從句”等有關(guān)部分）。、在定語(yǔ)從句中，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。、引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、同

21、位語(yǔ)從句等的連詞that一般不可省略。在表語(yǔ)從句中偶爾可省略。2、不定式符號(hào)to的省略、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。e.g. i told him to sit down and wait for a moment.、某些使役動(dòng)詞（如let, make, have）及感官動(dòng)詞（如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等）后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足的不定式一定要省去to，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須把to復(fù)原。e.g. - i saw the boy fall from the tree.- the boy was seen to fall from the

22、 tree.、介詞but前若有動(dòng)詞do，后面的不定式不帶to。e.g. the boy did nothing but play.3、在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可省去“主語(yǔ) + be”部分。（參看“狀語(yǔ)從句”有關(guān)部分）4、連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語(yǔ)序有變化（參見“倒裝句”有關(guān)部分）5、主句與從句各有一些成分省略。e.g. the sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).四、插入語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)句子中（尤其在口語(yǔ)中）常插入一些單詞、短語(yǔ)或者句子，用來補(bǔ)充某些含義。語(yǔ)法上稱他們?yōu)椤安迦胝Z(yǔ)”。（一）插入語(yǔ)的類型：1、單詞（多

23、是副詞），如：besides, however, otherwise, therefore, though等。e.g. she is looking fit, though. 他看起來倒是健康。i can, however, discuss this when i see you. 2、短語(yǔ)e.g. china and india, for example, are neighbours.by the way, where are you from? 3、句子e.g. he is an honest man, i believe.jack, as far as i know, isnt cle

24、ver.（二）插入語(yǔ)的位置通常插入語(yǔ)位于句中，并用逗號(hào)隔開。但有時(shí)，也可位于句首或句末（見上面例句）。也有時(shí)，并不用逗號(hào)隔開。e.g. you know that i think you are wrong. 我認(rèn)為，你明白你錯(cuò)了。what on earth do you mean? 你究竟是什么意思？（三）插入語(yǔ)在句中的作用一般來說，插入語(yǔ)在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入語(yǔ)抽去，句子的含義不大受影響。但是，有的插入語(yǔ)卻是句子不可缺少的一部分。e.g. he got the news from nobody knows where. 他這消息誰(shuí)也不知道是從哪兒得來的。（四）插入語(yǔ)的特殊用法下面這

25、種復(fù)雜的特殊疑問句，也可認(rèn)為包含有“插入語(yǔ)”。這種疑問句（有的語(yǔ)法書也稱為“混合疑問句”或“連鎖疑問句”）常用來征詢對(duì)方對(duì)某一疑問點(diǎn)的看法、判斷、認(rèn)識(shí)、猜度或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方重復(fù)一遍說過的話?？谡Z(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)頻率極高。常用動(dòng)詞有say, suppose, guess, believe, consider, think, imagine 等。e.g. how long did you say she would stay here?when do you suppose theyll be back?how old did you think she was（五）大綱中要求掌握的常用作插入語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)by the

26、 way 順便說，順便問一下；so far 到目前為止；and so on 等等；on the contrary 相反； no wonder 不足為奇；as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上；come along 快點(diǎn)，來吧；in other words 換句話說；as usual 如同以往；as a result 因此，結(jié)果。練習(xí)二、省略和插入語(yǔ)1. - wont you have another try?- _.a. yes, i willb. yes, i wont c. yes, i will haved. yes, i wont have2. - i wont do it a

27、ny more.- _?a. why dont b. why dont do it any morec. why notd. why not do3. - do you think it will snow tomorrow?- _.a. no, i dont thinkb. i dont thinkc. no, i dont sod. i dont think so4. - will he fail in the exam?- _.a. dont hope tob. lets hope notc. not hope sod. lets hope not to5. _ usual, i hav

28、e forgotten something.a. asb. as it isc. itsd. that is6. _ she a man, she might be elected president.a. ifb. unlessc. wasd. were7. _ i had time, i would have played it again.a. if b. unlessc. hadd. when8. _ it rain tomorrow, id stay at home.a. should b. wouldc. whend. if9. i like sports and _ my bro

29、ther.a. sob. so doesc. so isd. so likes10. francis, _ born in kentucky, lived and practised law in missouri.a. wasb. he wasc. who isd. although11. - arent you the manager?- no, and i _.a. dont wantb. dont want toc. dont want to bed. dont12. - have you fed the dog?- no, but _.a. i amb. im just going

30、toc. imd. im just going13. your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)） _, you failed.a. in the endb. after allc. in other wordsd. at the same time14. how long _ she would stay here?a. did she say b. she saidc. didd. /15. _ could do such thing?a. whom do you thinkb. who

31、 do you thinkc. do you think whomd. did you think who練習(xí)三、綜合訓(xùn)練1. john was ill. have you heard about _?a. thisb. hec. itd. the one2. hurry up! _ getting darker and darker.a. the sky isb. its c. weather isd. time is 3. its the third time _ i have been here.a. thatb. whenc. afterd. who4. it was simply f

32、or that reason _ i wouldnt tell him the truth.a. whyb. whichc. sod. that5. was it in the place _ the last emperor died?a. whereb. thatc. whichd. in which6. _ is no difference between a and b.a. it b. wherec. thered. what7. it _ mike and mary who helped the old man several days ago.a. wasb. werec. ar

33、ed. had been8. he said, “ _ a long way to school. _ a long way to go yet before we arrive.”a. it is, it isb. there is, there isc. there is, it isd. it is, there is9. i dont like _ you speak to her.a. the wayb. the way in thatc. the way whichd. the way of which10. if you go to xian, youll find the pa

34、laces there more magnificent than commonly _.a. supposingb. supposec. to supposed. supposed11. _ is a fact that english is being accepted as an international language.a. there b. thisc. thatd. it12. it was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.a. thatb. untilc.

35、befored. when13. it was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcast began.a. whileb. whichc. thatd. since14. - do you mind my taking this seat? - _.a. yes, sit down pleaseb. no, of course notc. yes, take it pleased. no, you cant take it15. - ill be away on a business trip. would you mind looking after my cat? - not at all. _.a. ive no timeb. id rather notc. id like itd. id be happy to16. the boy