1、 第一講 時態(tài)動詞主要用來表示動作、狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)，而動作和狀態(tài)的發(fā)生有具體的時間和變現(xiàn)方式，這就是英語中動詞的時態(tài)。動詞常見的十種時態(tài)：1 一般現(xiàn)在時：謂語動詞用原形或第三人稱單數(shù) 2. 一般過去時：謂語動詞用過去時 3. 一般將來時：謂語動詞用 will/shall/be going to+動詞原形 4.現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)：謂語用am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞 5. 將來進行時：謂語用will/shall+be+現(xiàn)在進行時 6. 現(xiàn)在完成時：謂語用have/has+過去分詞 7.現(xiàn)在完成進行時：謂語用have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞 8.過去進行時：謂語用was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞 9.過去完成時

2、：謂語用had+過去分詞 10.過去將來時：謂語用would+動詞原形 或 was/were going to +動詞原形解題思路：1.時間觀念：弄清空所在的句子是談現(xiàn)在還是談過去；2.考查被動語態(tài)：高考的很多時態(tài)題，往往兩個選項是主動語態(tài)，兩個選項是被動語態(tài)，先從主動和被動角度縮小選擇范圍，再結合時間觀念，往往命中率很高。3.考查現(xiàn)在完成時：空所在的句子是談現(xiàn)在。強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。設題方式：情景對話（第一句往往是對現(xiàn)在造成的影響）強調(diào)到現(xiàn)在為止動作已經(jīng)完成。4.考查過去完成時：表示“過去的過去發(fā)生的動作”必須找到過去的時間參照點（句中有過去動作）；時態(tài)的一致性也是解題的重要依據(jù)（整句都是

3、過去時態(tài)層面）。5.考查一般過去時：一般過去時只說明過去（陳述過去事實），與現(xiàn)在無關。時態(tài)的一致性（整句都是過去時態(tài)層面）；有明顯的過去時間狀語。 理論概述：一動詞的五種基本形式：動詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)，現(xiàn)在分詞， 過去分詞，過去式。Eg work-works-working-worked-worked動詞的五種基本形式變化表形式構成例詞動詞原形不帶to的動詞不定式形式，也就是一般給的形式be, have, do, learn第三人稱單數(shù)形式1. 在動詞原形后加-s2. 以s, x, sh, ch, o結尾的動詞，加-es3. 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，變y為i加es特殊變形：have-has

4、 runs, likespasses, does, washes,teaches,fixesStudy-studies, try-tries現(xiàn)在分詞1. 在動詞原形后加-ing2. 以不發(fā)音字母e結尾的動詞，去e加ing3. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母，再加ing特殊：以ie結尾的動詞，變ie為y,再加ingreadinglive-living write-writingsit-sitting begin-beginningdie-dying lie-lying tie-tying過去式與過去分詞（規(guī)則變化）1. 在動詞后加-ed2. 以輔音字母加y結尾的動

5、詞，變y為i加ed3. 以e結尾的單詞，直接加-d4. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母，再加ed特殊：見不規(guī)則動詞過去式及過去分詞表workedcarry-carried study-studiedlivedstop-stopped plan-planned二動詞各種時態(tài)的用法1.一般現(xiàn)在時 （1）結構 陳述句 主語+謂語（原形/動詞三單）+賓語+ 否定式 主語+dont/doesnt+動詞原形+ 一般疑問句 Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+ 特殊疑問句 疑問詞+一般疑問句(2)用法 1)經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。與often, always, usua

6、lly, sometimes, once a week, every day等表頻度的副詞或時間狀語連用。 We have meals three times a day. He is always ready to help others. Sometimes Lucy washes her clothes herself. 2)表示客觀事實或普遍真理。 The sun rises in the east. The earth goes around the sun. 3)在時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中，如果主句是將來時態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。 （時間狀語從句的引導詞：when, befo

7、re, until/till, as soon as, the moment, once. 條件狀語從句的引導詞：if, unless, even if 讓步狀語從句的引導詞：no matter what/ who/ which/ when等, whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever， wherever等。） If it rains tomorrow we wont go to the park. Ill go with you as soon as I finish my work. Whatever you say, I will not change

8、 my mind. When I grow up, I will go to America. 4)在某些以here, there 開頭的句子中， 用一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作 There goes the bell. 鈴響了。 Here comes a bus.車來了。2. 一般過去時 （1）結構 陳述句 主語+謂語（過去式）+賓語+ 否定式 主語+didnt+動詞原形+ 一般疑問句 Did+主語+動詞原形+ 特殊疑問句 疑問詞+一般疑問句(2)用法 1)表示過去某時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I got up at six this morning. 2) 表示過去習慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。

9、 When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river. I was always late for class when I was a child. 3) 語境中的一般過去時，表示“剛才， 在過去”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已“不再這樣了”。 -Come in, Peter. I want to show you something. -Oh, how nice of you! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift. Your phone number again? I didnt

10、 quite catch it.跟進練習：1. -Your baby is too thin.-It could gain weight, but it _(not eat) much.2. It wont be long before such a thing_(happen) again.3. I wont speak to him unless he _(apologize) to me.4. The careless driver has just been fined 10 Yuan for stopping his car at a sign that_(read) NO PARK

11、ING.5. -Nancy is not coming tonight.-But she _(promise).3一般將來時 （1）結構 陳述句 主語+ will/shall+動詞原形 (當主語是we/I時， 助動詞用shall) 否定式 主語+wont/shall not+動詞原形 一般疑問句 Will/Shall+主語+動詞原形+ 特殊疑問句 疑問詞+一般疑問句(2)用法 1) 現(xiàn)在看以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；事物固有的屬性或必然趨勢. 常與表示將來的時間狀語連用：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Sunday, in +一段時間， in

12、 2020等。 Will you be back in two days? Fish will die without water. What shall I look like in 2050? 2) be going to +動詞原形 多用在口語中， 表示 計劃，打算要做某事。 也表示根據(jù)某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事情 He is going to speak on TV this evening. Look at the clouds. It is gong to rain. 3) be about to +動詞原形 表示 立即的將來。不與具體的時間狀語連用， 但可與以when 引導的狀語從句

13、連用。 The train is about to start.火車就要開了。 I was about to leave when the phone rang.我剛要離開時，電話響了。 4）動詞 如come, go , stay, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時可表按計劃、安排將來要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。 I arrive in Beijing at 3：00 p.m. He is coming tomorrow. 5）be to+動詞原形 表示按計劃或安排要做的事,或命中注定。 When are you leave for home ?你什么

14、時候回家？ The Queen is to visit Japan in a weeks time.女王將于一周后訪問日本。 注意：was/were to have done sth. 表示未曾實現(xiàn)的計劃 were to do.用于if或even if/though從句中， 表示對未來的假設。 be to blame(該受責備，對某件壞事應負責任)， be to let（待出租）， 用不定式的主動表被動。 We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我們本來想告訴你，但是你不在家。 If I were to tell you that I ad

15、mired him, would you believe me?要是我告訴你我羨慕他，你會相信嗎？ Which driver is to blame for the accident?這次事故是哪個司機的責任？ The house is to let.這座房子要出租。 6）一般現(xiàn)在時表將來 表示按規(guī)定或時間表預計將發(fā)生的動作。 在狀語從句中表將來。 Were going to Changchun. Our plane takes off at 8:10.跟進練習：1. -We just saw John at the bookstore.-Thats strange.I didnt think

16、 that he _ back until tomorrow.A. will come B.was to come C.is coming D.is to come 2. If the sun _ tomorrow, what would we do? A. were not to raise B.does not rise C.would not rise D. were not to rise3. Look at these clouds. _. A. Its going to rain. B.Its raining. C. Its to rain D.It can rain. 4.進行時

17、 （1）結構 陳述句 主語+be(am/is/are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 (過去進行時，be用was/were) 否定式 主語+be+not+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 一般疑問句 Be+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 特殊疑問句 疑問詞+一般疑問句（2）用法 1）一個長動作作為背景，被一個短動作打斷，唱動作用進行時，短動作用一般 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it. 那位記者說

18、，當他看到那個不明飛行物時，它正在自東向西飛行。 2） 表動作的未完成性、暫時性。 -Have you moved into the new house? -Not yet. The rooms are being painted.(未完成性) Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. 3) 計劃，安排要做某事 4）表示現(xiàn)在或當時發(fā)展中的或正在進行的情況。 I first met Lily 3 years ago. She was wo

19、rking at a clothes shop at the time. 5) 表示反復出現(xiàn)的或習慣性的動作，含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等情緒，常與always, continually, constantly連用。 He is always thinking of others first. 他總是先想到他人。 He is always making the same mistake.他總是犯同樣的錯誤。跟進練習：1. You_ always_(watch) TV. Why not do something more active? 2. -Watch!-I _(watch) but I _(se

20、e) anything unusual.3. Listen! The couple _(quarrel) in the room. 5. 現(xiàn)在完成時 （1）結構 陳述句 主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他 否定式 主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他 一般疑問句 Have/has+主語+過去+其他 特殊疑問句 疑問詞+一般疑問句（2）用法 1）表示過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的莫一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。 (already, yet, just剛剛，never，before) -Have you had your lunch yet? -Yes, I have. Ive just h

21、ad it. He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now). I have already watched the TV play. 2) 表示動作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還要持續(xù)下。 （for, since, lately, recently, in the past/ last few days, since then, up to now, so far） for: +一段時間 for a year for two weeks for three yearsSince +過去的某一時刻, since nine sin

22、ce last week since then Since +一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句 since you came ; since you got home. up to now, till now, far, by far, 到目前為止recently, lately 最近in the past/ last +一段時間 In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. He has been busy writing a book recently. He has written 8 books s

23、o far. 3) This/It is the first/ second time+that從句。 從句謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時。 This is the first time (that) I have come here.這是我第一次來這里。 4）在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時間以前已完成的動作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 5). 延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性動詞的用法 瞬間動詞又叫非延

24、續(xù)性動詞、終止性動詞。瞬間動詞可以用于完成時態(tài)，但不可以接表示一段時間的狀語。與一段時間連用時，謂語動詞應用延續(xù)性動詞。 (for+一段時間， since+時間點)常見的瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換瞬間動詞延續(xù)性動詞瞬間動詞延續(xù)性動詞瞬間動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyhavemarrybe marriedarrive/reachbeborrowkeepcatch a coldhave a coldopenbe openput onwearclosebe closedget upbe upBegin/startbe onwake upbe awakecomebe herefall asleepbe asle

25、epgobe therelosenot havefinishbe overjoinbe indiebe deadleavebe away 非延續(xù)性動詞與一段時間連用才用以下三種方式處理：a. 將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞b. 將時間按狀語改為過去時間，并用一般過去時代替現(xiàn)在完成時c. 用句型 it is/has been+一段時間+since從句（從句中的謂語動詞用非延續(xù)性動詞的一般過去式）表示 It is two years since the old man died.跟進練習：單句改錯及句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. He has come to Beijing since last year.2. H

26、e has joined the army for 3 years.3. He has been a soldier two years ago.4. He left his office 3 hours ago.He_ from his office for 3 hours. It_ 3 hours since he left his office.5. He has been dead for 4 years.He_ ago. It is _ he died.6 過去完成時（1）結構 陳述句 主語+had +過去分詞+其他 否定式 主語+had +not+過去分詞+其他 一般疑問句 Had

27、 +主語+過去+其他 特殊疑問句 疑問詞+一般疑問句（2）用法 1）表示到過去某個時間已完成的動作或狀態(tài)。即 過去的過去 常用的時間狀語有：by then, by that time, by the end of last year, before 2000, by the time+句子，until等。By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那時，他已經(jīng)學了3年英語了。Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那時為止，他對此仍一無所知。3）Hardly/ Scarcely/ Rarely ha

28、ddonewhen; No sooner haddonethan;When和than從句里用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時，且用倒裝。表示 “剛剛就.”Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我剛一到家，大雨就傾盆而下。Hardly had I started when the car got a flat tire.4)It was/had been +一段時間+since從句。Since從句的謂語用過去完成時。It was ten years since we had had such a won

29、derful time.我們10年沒有這么高興了。5）That/It/This was the first/ second/third time +that 從句。That從句的謂語用過去完成時。 It was the third time that I had passed the exam.那是我第三次考試及格。 6）表示冤枉、打算一類的詞,hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等， 其過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。 I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.(未能如愿) I had thou

30、ght you would come tomorrow.補充：將來完成進行表示到將來某一時間，某一動作將會完成，常與 by+將來的某時間 連用By this time of next year, you will have become a college student.6 完成進行時（1）意義 表示一個動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并強調(diào)現(xiàn)在還在進行或感情色彩。（2）結構 陳述句 主語+have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞 否定式 主語+have/has+not+been+現(xiàn)在分詞 一般疑問句 have/has+主語+been+現(xiàn)在分詞 特殊疑問句 疑問詞+一般疑問句 He has been

31、 learning English for 6 years.(強調(diào)到現(xiàn)在還在學) It has been raining for 3 days.（強調(diào)抱怨的感情色彩）跟進練習：1. Helen_(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _(come) home.2. I _(hope) to meet Mr. Thomson this morning, but I found nobody left in the room.3. We plan to reach the North Pole in t

32、he mid-July, and by then we _(walk_) for six weeks.4. By the time you arrive in New York, you will_(away) for two weeks.5.- Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday? -No, but we_(try) to get in touch with them ever since. 連接高考一：1. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _working on his

33、 project. (2012山東)A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts2. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _. (2012山東)A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving3. When I got on the bus, I _ I had left my wallet at home. (2011山東)A. was realizing  

34、;           B. realized                 C. have realized        D. would realize4. She was surprised to find the fridge

35、empty; the child _ everything! (2011山東)A. had been eating         B. had eaten               C. have eaten            D.

36、 have been eating5. Up to now, the program _thousands of children who would otherwise have died. (2010山東) A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved6. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been Ks5u （2009山東）7

37、. I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _. （2009山東）A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened Ks5u 8. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.A. walksB. walkedC. has walked D. had walked 9. Walmart, which is one o

38、f the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (2012安徽)A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept10. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left. A. have run out B. are running outC. have been run

39、 out D. are being run out (2012重慶)11. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _. A. wouldnt B. didnt C. hasnt D. hadnt 12. Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately no one _. (2012北京)A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt13. Our friendsh

40、ip _ quickly over the weeks that followed. (2012北京)A. had developed B. was developingC. would develop D. developed14. Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?Im sorry, but by then I _ to Beijing. How about five? (2012陜西)A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying 15. Close the door of

41、 fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you.A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing 16. Look! Somebody _ the sofa.Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. (2012江西)A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 17. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars

42、 until I _ on Friday. (2012遼寧)A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid18. Alvin, are you coming with us? Id love to, but something unexpected _. (2012浙江)A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up19.The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _ some

43、European business partners. A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met (2012江蘇)20. Planning so far ahead _ no sense-so many things will have changed by next year. A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made (2011全國）21. If you dont like the drink you _, just leave it and try a different one. ( 201

44、1全國) A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered22. On her next birthday, Ann _ married for twenty years. ( 2011天津) A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been23. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _into the office during the night. A. broke B. had broken C. has

45、 broken D. was breaking （2011江西）24. Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months. ( 2011北京) A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working25. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _ from China. A. receive B. are receiving C. have recei

46、ved D. had received ( 2011福建)26. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly. （2011浙江) A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given27. -Tommy is planning to buy a car. - I know. By next month, he _enough for a used one

47、. (2011江蘇) A. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved28. In 1492, Columbus _ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India. (2011湖南) A. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed29. Look at the pride on Toms face. He _ to have been praised by the manager just now. A

48、. seemed B. seems C. had seemed D. is seeming (2011重慶)30. - What a mistake! - Yes. I _ his doing it another way, but without success. (2011四川) A. was suggesting B. will suggest C. would suggest D. had suggested連接高考二1. Wheres Tom? His mother _ him now. A. is looking for B.will look for C.has looked for D.looks for2. -What were you doing this time yesterday? -I _ on the grass and drawing a picture. A. sit B.sat C.am sitting D.was sitting3. My aunt is a writer. She _ more than ten books since 1