1、非謂語動詞之分詞非謂語動詞之分詞一、考點透析一、考點透析三、構成三、構成二、概述二、概述非謂語動詞之分詞的構成包括三個部分一般式一般式完成式完成式過去分詞過去分詞doingdoing（主動形式）（主動形式）being done being done （被動形式）（被動形式） not doing/being donenot doing/being done（否定式）（否定式）having donehaving done（主動形式）（主動形式）having been done having been done （被動形式）（被動形式） not havingnot having（beenbeen）

2、done done（否定式）（否定式）donedone not donenot done（否定式）（否定式）現在分詞的一般式(1)(1)現在分詞的一般式可用來表示和謂語動現在分詞的一般式可用來表示和謂語動詞同時發生的動作；或一個動作先發生，另詞同時發生的動作；或一個動作先發生，另一個動作緊接著發生，或兩個動作雖有先后，一個動作緊接著發生，或兩個動作雖有先后，但說話人并不著重表示他們的先后。但說話人并不著重表示他們的先后。Eg:Eg:They went out of the classroomThey went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.

3、talking and laughing.他們有說有笑地走出教室。他們有說有笑地走出教室。She listened carefully She listened carefully t to her o her neighbors speaking.neighbors speaking.她傾聽她鄰居的講話。她傾聽她鄰居的講話。(2)(2)被動形式被動形式現在分詞的被動形式表示它的邏輯主語是現現在分詞的被動形式表示它的邏輯主語是現在分詞的動作承受者。一般式的被動語態強在分詞的動作承受者。一般式的被動語態強調正在進行中的被動動作。調正在進行中的被動動作。egeg：The question bein

4、g discussed is The question being discussed is very importantvery important正在討論的問題很重要。正在討論的問題很重要。(3) (3) 一般式的否定形式一般式的否定形式現在分詞的否定形式是由現在分詞的否定形式是由notnot加現在分詞構加現在分詞構成。成。egeg：Not knowing his address, I could Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and do nothing but stay at home and

5、waitwait不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。 Back現在分詞的完成式現在分詞的完成式（1 1）現在分詞的完成式表示一個已完成的）現在分詞的完成式表示一個已完成的動作，這個動作發生或完成在謂語動詞表動作，這個動作發生或完成在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。示的動作之前。egeg：Having lived in this city for Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.three years, she knows it very well.在這個城市生活了在這個城

6、市生活了3 3年，她對這里已很熟悉。年，她對這里已很熟悉。注意注意分詞一般式和完成式均可表示完成的動作，分詞一般式和完成式均可表示完成的動作，但一般式不強調或不側重時間的先后順序，但一般式不強調或不側重時間的先后順序，看做是兩個動作幾乎同時發生，而完成時看做是兩個動作幾乎同時發生，而完成時強調兩個動作的先后。強調兩個動作的先后。egeg：Locking the doorLocking the door，he went out.he went out.鎖上門，他出去了。鎖上門，他出去了。Having studied in the university for Having studied in

7、the university for three years, he knows the place very three years, he knows the place very well.well.在這個大學學習了三年，他對這里已在這個大學學習了三年，他對這里已非常熟悉。非常熟悉。(2)(2)完成式的被動形式完成式的被動形式Eg:I heard of his having been chosen Eg:I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.to be the coach of the team.我聽說

8、他我聽說他被選為球隊的教練。被選為球隊的教練。Having studied in the university for Having studied in the university for three years, he knows the place very three years, he knows the place very well.well.在這個大學學習了三年，他對這里已非常熟在這個大學學習了三年，他對這里已非常熟悉。悉。(2)(2)完成式的被動形式完成式的被動形式完成式的被動語態強調動作先于謂語動詞。完成式的被動語態強調動作先于謂語動詞。egeg：Having been

9、criticized by the Having been criticized by the teacherteacher，Li Ming gave up smoking.Li Ming gave up smoking.李明在被老師批評之后，就戒煙了。李明在被老師批評之后，就戒煙了。Having been shown the labHaving been shown the lab，we were we were taken to see the school library.taken to see the school library.在被帶去看了實驗室之后，我們又被帶去參在被帶去看了實

10、驗室之后，我們又被帶去參觀校圖書館。觀校圖書館。（3 3）否定形式）否定形式：完成式的否定由：完成式的否定由notnot加現在加現在分詞的完成式構成。分詞的完成式構成。egeg：Not having studied his lessons Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the very hard, he failed the examinationsexaminations因為沒有努力學習功課，他考試不及格。因為沒有努力學習功課，他考試不及格。Back過去分詞過去分詞(1)(1)動詞的過去分詞只有一種形式，絕大部動詞的過

11、去分詞只有一種形式，絕大部分的過去分詞由動詞原形加分的過去分詞由動詞原形加-ed-ed構成，也有構成，也有一些過去分詞是不規則的。一些過去分詞是不規則的。(2)(2)動詞的過去分詞的否定形式動詞的過去分詞的否定形式動詞加去分詞否定形式是由動詞加去分詞否定形式是由notnot或或nevernever加加過去分詞構成。過去分詞構成。egeg：Not allowed to go inNot allowed to go in，he had to he had to wait outside.wait outside.不允許他進去，他只好在外面等著。不允許他進去，他只好在外面等著。Never invit

12、ed to his partyNever invited to his party，she she got angry with him.got angry with him.從未被邀請過去他從未被邀請過去他的聚會，她很生氣。的聚會，她很生氣。( (4 4) )動詞的過去分詞的特征動詞的過去分詞的特征動詞的過去分詞有被動的意思，有時也可動詞的過去分詞有被動的意思，有時也可表示完成的動作。表示完成的動作。動詞的過去分詞表示完成被動的動作。動詞的過去分詞表示完成被動的動作。過去分詞帶有完成的意義，有的同時也帶過去分詞帶有完成的意義，有的同時也帶有被動的意義。有被動的意義。egeg：1 1）Born

13、 and brought up in the Born and brought up in the countrysidecountryside，he was interested in he was interested in biology.biology.由于在農村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。由于在農村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。2 2）One of the glasses was found broken.One of the glasses was found broken.有人發現其中一個杯子破了。有人發現其中一個杯子破了。3 3）The booksThe books，writ

14、ten by Lu Xunwritten by Lu Xun，are are popular with many Chinese people.popular with many Chinese people.魯迅寫的這些書，受到了許多中國人的喜愛魯迅寫的這些書，受到了許多中國人的喜愛。及物動詞的過去分詞一般表示被動的意思。及物動詞的過去分詞一般表示被動的意思。egeg：1 1）Given more timeGiven more time，I could have I could have solved that riddle.solved that riddle.要是有充足的時間，要是有充足

15、的時間，我就能猜出那個謎語。我就能猜出那個謎語。（句子的語（句子的語I I和動詞和動詞givegive之間是被動關系。）之間是被動關系。）2 2）When you speak EnglishWhen you speak English，be sure to be sure to make yourself understood.make yourself understood.你說英語的時你說英語的時候，一定要讓人懂得你的意思。候，一定要讓人懂得你的意思。（動詞（動詞makemake的賓語的賓語yourselfyourself和賓語補足語和賓語補足語understandunderstand之之

16、間是被動關系。）間是被動關系。）3 3）The experience gained in the army The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study.was of great value to our study.在軍隊在軍隊獲得的經驗對我們的學習很有幫助。獲得的經驗對我們的學習很有幫助。不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示完成的意不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示完成的意思，并不帶有被動的含義。思，并不帶有被動的含義。1 1）an escaped prisoner an escaped prisoner 逃犯逃犯（=a

17、prisoner who has escaped)=a prisoner who has escaped)2 2）a retired workera retired worker 退休工人退休工人( =a worker who has retired)( =a worker who has retired)3 3）a newly arrived guest a newly arrived guest 新來的客人新來的客人(=a guest who has just arrived)(=a guest who has just arrived)例句例句1 1）We should bring in

18、 advanced We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries technology from developed countries from time to time.from time to time.我們應該不時地從發達國家引進先進技術。我們應該不時地從發達國家引進先進技術。2 2）People should pay attention to the People should pay attention to the changed situationchanged situation人們應該注意到變化了的形勢。人們應該注意到變化了的形勢。固定搭配固定搭配Fallen leavesFallen leaves落葉落葉 faded flowers faded flowers 凋謝的花凋謝的花the risen sun the risen sun 升起的太陽升起的太陽 departed friends de