1、考點一、過去分詞作定語1. 單個過去分詞作定語。單個過去分詞作定語時，常常放在被修飾的詞語之前。例如：Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves on the street.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 注意：如果單個過去分詞所修飾的詞語為不定代詞我們必須使我們的思想適應改變了的情況.nothing,anything,something或指示代詞those,this,these等時，過去分詞常常放在被修飾的詞語后面。例如：There is nothing change

2、d in my hometown since 1999.2. 過去分詞短語作定語。過去分詞短語作定語，常常放在被修飾的詞語之后，其作用相當于一個定語從句。例如： Most of the guests invited to my birthday party were my school friends. = Most of the guests who were invited to my birthday party were my school friends.The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功.3

3、. 過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語,前后常有逗號 .The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會,到會的有五千多人 .4. 用來修飾人的過去分詞有時可以轉移到修飾非人的事物,這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人,但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關 .The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視 .注意區別：1.非謂語動詞的被動式作定語的三種形式：the bridge to be built將要建

4、造的橋（表示將來的被動的動作）the bridge being built正在建造的橋（表示正在進行的被動動作）the bridge built 造好的橋 （表示完成的被動動作）2.過去分詞和 ing 分詞作定語的區別：過去分詞作定語和 -ing 分詞作定語有一定的區別。試比較下面幾組短語：boiled water 開水 boiling water正沸騰的水developed countries 發展的國家developing countries 發展中國家fallen leaves 落葉 falling leaves正在飄落的葉子changed condition 改變了的情況changin

5、g condition 變化著的情況由此可見，過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作；而-ing 分詞作定語可以表示正在進行的主動的動作。考點二、過去分詞作表語1. 過去分詞用作表語時，通常說明主語所處的狀態或感受等。例如：I noticed the doors and windows were locked when I came to see him.She seemed terribly shocked upon hearing the sad news.過去分詞和ing 分詞作表語的區別：過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態或感受，修飾人； 而-ing 分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特

6、征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.聽到那個消息，我們感到很驚訝修飾物.The news is very surprising.這個消息很令人驚訝。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看到這么動人的情景，所有在場的人都感動得流下了眼淚。英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如： amusing, amused

7、; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished 等。實戰演練：1.The water in this glass is too hot. I prefer some cold _ water.A. to boi

8、lB. having boiledC. boiledD. boiling2.The problem just _ is an important one.A. to be referred toB. referred toC. referring toD. referred3. A man was killed. Where is the body of the _ man?A. murderB. murderedC. murderingD. having murdered4.China Daily, first _ in 1980, is very popular with students

9、 of English in China.A. publishedB. was published C. having publishedD. having been published5.The great hall was crowded with many people, _ many children _ on their parents laps.A. including; seated B. including; seating C. including; satD. included; sitting6. How did Bob do in the exam this time?

10、 Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasingB. pleaseC. pleasedD. to please7.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying8. What s the main purpose of tonight s meeting? We are going to talk about the problem _ at

11、the last meeting.9. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.10. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A. to solving; making B. to solving; made

12、C. to solve; makingD. to solve; made Key: 15 CBBAA 610 CBADB考點三過去分詞作賓語補足語及物動詞的過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示賓語是過去分詞動作的承受者，構成邏輯上的動賓關系。常見的情況有下列幾種：一、表示“致使”意義的動詞。如: have, make, get, keep, leave 等。(1) Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理發。(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(3) Dont leave those things undo

13、ne. 要把那些事情做完。(4) He managed to get the task finished on time. 他設法按時完成了任務。注意：使役動詞 have 接過去分詞作賓補有兩種情況。主語讓別人做某事，強調主語的意志。如：He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理發了。Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后來，這個中心讓人種了很多樹。主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環境，說明賓語的一種無意識的被動行為。如： He had his leg broken in the match la

14、st month. 他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。 He had one eye lost in the war. 在戰爭中，他失去了一只眼睛。【高考鏈接】1. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period. (福建卷 )A. improvedB. improvingC. to improveD. improve2. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. ( 全國 II 卷 )A.

15、making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard二、表示感覺或心理狀態的動詞. 如 : see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think， find等。I heard the song sung in English.我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。He found his hometown greatly changed.他發現他的家鄉變化很大。She saw the wounded

16、man carried into the hospital.她看到這個受傷的男人被抬進了醫院。【高考鏈接】To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can. (2008蘇卷 )A. speakB. speakingC. spokenD. to speak三、表“希望，要求”的動詞：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+ (to be) done 如：I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.Jim

17、ordered the room (to be) cleaned江【高考鏈接】She wants her paintings _ in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular. (上海 )A. displayB. to displayC. displayingD. displayed四、 with/without+ 賓語 +過去分詞，表示伴隨情況的獨立結構。如： With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a very good pla

18、n.每件事都考慮到了，是一項不錯的計劃。我們都認為這With different methods used, different results are obtained.采用不同的方法，得到不同的結果。She went angrily away without a word spoken.她一個字也沒說，就生氣地走了。The day ended with nothing settled.那一天什么也沒解決就結束了。【高考鏈接】1. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. (200

19、8福建卷)A. forB. whenC. withD. while2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. (2007安徽卷 )A. finishedB. finishingC. having finishedD. was finished考點四過去分詞作狀語過去分詞和 -ing 分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。表時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞when 或 while 來強調時間概念。如：Seen from

20、the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.從山頂上看，這個城市就像一個大花園。Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.入黨以后，他決定獻身于黨的事業。表原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.激動的人們被那個故事深深地感動了，停止了爭吵。Encourage

21、d by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來從事斗爭。表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：Given another chance, he will do better. 再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比你應該更加努力學英語。If heated, water ca

22、n be turned into steam. 水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。表讓步，相當于一個though/although 引導的讓步狀語從句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 盡管已經跑得筋疲力盡他們還是繼續追趕那個強盜。Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續他的研究。表方式或伴隨情況。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那個老

23、人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進了房間。Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。過去分詞作狀語應注意以下幾點。一、過去分詞與句子主語之間的關系(1) 過去分詞作狀語表示被動或完成的動作。過去分詞與句子主語之間通常存在邏輯上的動賓關系。如：【高考鏈接1】_ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009A. RemindingB. RemindedC. T

24、o remindD. Having reminded福建卷)【答題指導】分詞在句子中作狀語，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語之間的關系：主謂關系用現在分詞，動賓或被動關系用過去分詞。比較：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city與 see 之間是被動關系)Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. ( we與 see 之間是主謂關系)(2) 有些過去分詞因來源于系表結構，作狀語時不表被動而表主語的狀態。這樣的過去分詞及

25、短語常見的有：lost( 迷路 )；seated(坐 )；hidden(躲 )；lost in( 沉迷于 )；dressed in(穿著 )。由某些動詞后面加-ed 轉化來的形容詞也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed 等。如：Surprised at what had happened, Tom didn t know 湯what姆對to發do生.的一切非常驚訝，以至于不知如何是好。【高考鏈接2】_and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top

26、of Mount Tai. (2009浙江卷A. To be triedB. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired)二、過去分詞作狀語所表示的意義過去分詞作狀語時表示時間、條件、原因、讓步時可轉換為相應的狀語從句；表示方式、結果和伴隨時可轉化為并列分句。如：Looked (=If it is looked) at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.隔著一段距離看，這幅畫似乎要漂亮得多。The cup fell down to the ground, broken. = The cup fell down t

27、o the ground and it was broken.茶杯掉到了地上，碎了。【高考鏈接3】_the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars.(2009 江西卷 ) A. GivingB. Having given C. To giveD. Given【高考鏈接4】 Michael s new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one. (2009重慶卷 )A. comparing

28、B. compares C. to compareD. compared三、“連詞 +過去分詞”結構根據主句主語和從句主語一致且從句含有動詞be 時可省略從句主語和動詞be 的原則， 可把狀語從句變換為 “連詞 +過去分詞”結構。常用的連詞有if, unless, when, as, once, even if/ even though, as if, though/ although等。如：I won t attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited).除非被邀請，否則我不去參加他的生日晚會。【高考鏈接5】Eve

29、ry evening after dinner, if not _from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.(2009湖南卷 )A. being tiredB. tiringC. tiredD. to be tired四、獨立主格結構由一個名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語 ,加上一個分詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語構成 ,這種結構在形式上與主句沒有關系 ,通常被稱為獨立主格結構。（一）獨立主格結構的構成：名詞 (代詞 )+名詞名詞 (代詞 )+現在分詞名詞 (代詞 )+ 過去分詞名詞 (代詞 )+形容詞名詞 (代詞 )+副詞名詞

30、 (代詞 )+不定式名詞 (代詞 ) + 介詞短語構成獨立主格結構主要起狀語作用 ,相當于一個狀語從句 ,多用來表示行為、 方式、伴隨等情況 ,有時也可用來表示時間、原因、條件等情況。1、名詞或代詞主格+ 現在分詞Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.= The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder.The girl staring at him, he didn t know=Aswhattheto girlsaystared. at him, he didn Time permitting, we

31、 can have a walk around the playground after supper. t know what to say2.名詞或代詞主格+ 過去分詞The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.實驗做完了 ,同學們繼續在實驗報告上做記錄。He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.The work done, he went back home.= When

32、 the work was done, he went back home.3、名詞或代詞主格+ 形容詞 Computers very small, we can use them widely. 電腦雖小 ,我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。 The clothes very dirty, youd better wash them quickly.衣服很臟 ,你快點兒洗洗吧!4、名詞或代詞主格+ 不定式Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our school will look even more beautiful.種上許多的樹、花和草后，我

33、們新建的學校看上去將更美。A lot of home work to do, I can t go還with有很you多作.業要做，我不能和你走。5、名詞或代詞主格+ 介詞短語 Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.我們的英語老師走進了教室,手里拿著試卷。 There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks.山谷中有一條河,河兩岸長滿了鮮花。6、名詞或代詞主格+ 副詞 The meeting over, our headmaster soon le

34、ft the meeting-room. 散會了 ,校長很快就離開了會議室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 燈熄了 ,我們不能繼續工作了。7. 名詞 (代詞 )+ 名詞His first shot failure ， he fired again 他第一槍沒擊中，又打了一槍。Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 兩百人死于事故，其中有許多兒童三、提高練習1.I m going to have my car _ .A. to be fix

35、edB. to fixC. fixedD. to fix2.What s the language _ in Germany?A. speaking B. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak3._ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. FollowedB. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by4.He had his leg _ in the match yesterday.A. to breakB. brokenC. breakD. b

36、reaking5.Most of the people _to the party were famous scientists.A. invitedB. to invite C. being invitedD. inviting6._ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. Given B. To giveC. Giving D. Having given7.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tiedB. having

37、 tied C. to be tied D.tied8.The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. openB. openingC. having openedD. opened9._ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lostC. LostD. To lose10.The Olympic Games, _ in 776BC, didn t inclu

38、de women players until 1912.A. first playedB. to be first playedC. first playingD. to be first played11.Don t get _ in the rain.A. to be caughtB. catchingC. to catchD. caught12.I found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road.A. to be stuckB. stuckC. stickingD. stick13.-By the way, when did you get

39、 your bedroom _ ? -Last week.A. to paintB. paintedC. paintingD. to be painted14.The children were found _ in the cave.A. trappingB. trappedC. to be trapped D. be trapped15.They found a _ old woman _ on the ground when the door was broken down.A. dying, lyingB. dead, lied C. death, layingD. died, lai

40、n16.On a _ morning the little girl was found _ at the corner of the street.A. freezing, freezingB. freezing, frozenC. frozen, frozenD. frozen, freezing17.No one enjoys _ fun of in public.A. makingB. being madeC. to be madeD. to make18.Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English wor

41、d _.A. speakingB. spoken C. to be spokenD. speak19._ from space, the earth, with water _ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.A. Seen, coveredB. Seen, coveringC. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered20.An _ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.A. excitedB. excitingC. excite

42、D. excitedly21.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _for the day.(2007重慶卷 )A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished22._, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A. All things consideringB. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all th

43、ings were considered23._,all the students ran out of the classroom.A. Class was overB. Class is over C. Class overD. When class over24. _,everything has changed.A.Time goes onB.Time going onC.As time going onD.With time went on25._,they will go to the zoo.A. Weather permittingB. Weather permittedC.

44、Weather being permittedD.Weather having permitted26.A lot of homework _,they have to go home.A. to doB.doneC.doingD.to be doing1-5CBBBA6-10ADDCA1115DBBBA16-20BBBBA21-25 B B C B A26-30 A一過去分詞做定語、表語專項練習1. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A. invited B. to inviteC. being invited

45、 D. had been invited2. The computer center, _last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay5. Don t use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to pe

46、ople with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been knownC. to be known D. known6_ English is different from _ English in many ways.A. Spoken; writtenB. Speaking; writtenC. Spoken; writingD. Speak; write7The woman _ there under the tree, _ in a blue shirt, is our headmaster.A. sitting; wearin

47、gB. sitting; dressedC. seating; dressedD. seated; dressing8Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing Mining Company, _ as 3M.A. knowing. B. known. C. being known.D. to be known9The _ dishes lay on the floor.A breaking. B. broken. C. broke. D. break10 the ship,_by a huge piece of iceberg, cam to a

48、 sudden stop. A. hitting.B. hit. C.hitted. D. to hit.11 Sandy, hurry up. I m afraid you won t have time to _ before the party.A. get changed.B. get change. 12. get changing.D. get to change.12 he seems quite _ at the idea.A. pleasing. B. pleased.C. please. D. pleasant.13 . She felt rather _that she

49、shouldn t drive the car at suchspeeda.A.frightening, frighteningB.frightened, frightened C. frightening, frightened D. frightened, frightening14 Tell Mary that there s someone _ for her at the door. A. waitingB.waits. C. waited. D. to wait.15 there is a big dog_ to a fence outside the house. A. tyin

50、g.B. tied.C. to tie.D. ties.16 The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912.A. first playedB. to be first playedC. first playingD. to be first playing17.What he has done is really _. Now his parents are _ him.A. disappointing; disappointed atB. disappointing; disappointed aboutC. disappointing; disappointed withD. disappointed; disappointing by19.Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel