1、definition:a constitutional monarchy as practiced is a form of government in which the monarch serves as the head of state, with certain limitations as mandated by written or unwritten laws, or a combination of both. in contrast, an absolute monarchy is one in which the monarch serves as the primary

2、 political power in the state, without any constitutional constraints. list of current reigning monarchiesantigua and barbudaandorra australia the bahamas barbadosbahrainbelgiumbelizeuk the british system of government is the oldest parliamentary democracy in europe. british parliament was formed in

3、 the eleventh century and, after the signing of the magna charta by king john in the year 1215, it came to power and became the main part in the system of government. in this way, england set up the base of democracy in the whole europe.parliamentthesovereignthehouseoflordsthehouseofcommons the sove

4、reign formally summons and dissolves parliament and generally opens each new annual session with a speech from the throne. the house of lords is made up of hereditary peers and peeresses, including the law lords appointed to undertake the judicial duties of the house, and the lords spiritual (the ar

5、chbishops of canterbury and york and other 24 bishops). the house of commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 650 members of parliament (mps). there are approximately 650 seats for them. the chief officer of the house is the speaker, elected by mps to preside over the house. it

6、 is in the house of commons that the ultimate authority for lawmaking resides. theparliamenthouseofbritainthree major political parties in the british system of politics:the labour party (often called new labour)the conservative party (frequently called the tories)the liberal democrat party (known a

7、s the lib dems) a general election must be held every five years. eighteen is the minimum voting age; candidates for election must be over 21. there are four main political parties: conservative, labour, liberal and social democratic parties. the winning party forms the government. britishgovernment

8、buildingsministers are chosen by the prime minister (leader of winning party). the second party becomes official opposition and forms the shadow-cabinet. mps who are members of the oppositionare called back-benchers.primeministeroftheunitedkingdomdavidcameronbritainisaconstitutionalmonarchy:queeneli

9、zabethiiistheheadofstate.inpracticeshereigns,butdoesnotrule.thecountryisgoverned,inhername,bythegovernment,abodyofministers,whichiscalledthecabinet(consistsof22leadingministers),whoareresponsibletoparliament.themonarchy白金漢宮buckingham palacethegovernment of japanisaconstitutionalmonarchywherethepower

10、oftheemperorisverylimited.asaceremonialfigurehead,heisdefinedbythe1947constitutionasthesymbolofthestateandoftheunityofthepeople.powerisheldchieflybytheprimeministerofjapanandotherelectedmembersofthediet,whilesovereigntyisvestedinthejapanesepeople.theemperoreffectivelyactsastheheadofstateondiplomatic

11、occasions.akihitoisthecurrentemperorofjapan.日本明仁天皇the executive: pm and cabinetthejapaneseprimeministerisprobablybestseenasjustoneamongmanyimportantfacesinthedietratherthanascaptainoftheship.the prime minister of japan is the head of government. the position is appointed by the emperor of japan afte

12、r being designated by the diet from among its members and must enjoy the confidence of the house of representatives to remain in office.yoshihiko noda 野田佳彥yoshihikonodacurrentlyservesastheprimeministerofjapan. the legislature: diet or kokkaithe japanese legislaturecalled the diet or kokkai (literally means national assembly) in japanesewas created in 1889 (by meiji constitution) and it is the oldest parliament in asia diet has powers over the bud