1、大學英語考試復習資料專升本英語分類模擬63大學英語考試復習資料專升本英語分類模擬63專升本英語分類模擬63Reading Comprehension . We are not about to enter the Information Age, but instead are rather well into it. Present predictions are that by 1990, about thirty million jobs in the United States, or about thirty percent of the job market, will be co

2、mputer-related. In 1980, only twenty-one percent of all United States high schools owned one or more computers for student use. In the fall of 1985, a new survey revealed that half of United States secondary schools have fifteen or more computers for student use. And now educational experts, adminis

3、trators, and even the general public are demanding that all students become computer literate. By the year 2000 knowledge of computers will be necessary in over eighty percent of all occupations. Soon those people not educated in computer use will be compared to those who are print illiterate today.

4、 What is computer literacy? The term itself seems to imply some extent of knowing about computers, hut knowing what? The current opinion seems to be that this should include a general knowledge of what computers are, plus a little of their history and something of how they operate. Therefore, it is

5、vital that educators everywhere take a careful look not only at what is being done, but also at what should be done in the field of computer education. Today, most adults are capable of utilizing a motor vehicle without the slightest knowledge of how the internal combustion engine works. We effectiv

6、ely use all types of electrical equipment without being able to tell their histories or to explain how they work. Business people for years have made good use of typewriters and adding machines. Yet few have ever known how to repair them. Why, then, attempt to teach computers by teaching how or why

7、they work? Rather, we first must concentrate on teaching the effective use of the computer as the tool is, Knowing how to use a computer is whats going to be important. We dont talk about auto-mobile literacy. We just get in our cars and drive them. 1. By 1990, the number of jobs having something to

8、 do with computers in the United States will be _.A.79 millionB.30 millionC.70 millionD.100 million答案:B解析 文章開頭說“.by 1990, about thirty million jobs in the United States, or about thirty percent of the job market, will be computer-related.”可知B是正確答案。2. The expression print illiterate (Para. 1) refers

9、to _.A.one who has never learnt printingB.one who is not computer literateC.one who has never learnt to readD.one who is not able to use a typewriter答案:C解析 第一段最后一句說到“Soon those people not educated in computer use will be compared to those who are print illiterate today.”從文章的比喻中可以看出print illiterate指的

10、是“文盲”，所以C是正確答案。3. The first paragraph is mainly about _.A.recent predictions of computer-related jobsB.the wide use of computers in schoolsC.the urgency of computer educationD.public interest in computers答案:C解析 從第一段來看文章一開始就講到我們已進入一個信息時代，然后列舉與計算機相關的工作，計算機的教育及就業情況，所以總結出C(計算機教育的迫切性)為最佳選項。4. According t

11、o the author, the effective way to spread the use of computers is to teach _.A.what computers areB.how to use computersC.where computers can be usedD.how computers work答案:B解析 從最后一段第一句“Knowing how to use a computer is whats going to be important.”可知B正確。5. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A.

12、What to teach about computers should be reconsidered.B.Those who are not educated in computer use will soon find it difficult to get a job.C.Human society has already entered the Information Age.D.Those who want to use computers should know how computers operate.答案:D解析 由文章第三段后幾句“We effectively use a

13、ll types of electrical equipment without. Why, then, attempt to teach computers by teaching how or why they work”可知我們沒有必要非要知道電腦怎樣或為什么工作，D項描述與文意不相符，故選D。 A computer is a machine designed to perform work mathematically and to store and select information that has been fed into it. It is run by either m

14、echanical or electronic means. These machines can do a great deal of complicated work in a very short time. A large computer, for example, can add or subtract nine thousand times a second, multiply a thousand times a second, or divide five hundred times a second. Its percentage of error is about one

15、 in a billion digits. It has been estimated that human beings making calculations average about one mistake per two hundred digits. The heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes, or transistors. Its electronic circuits work a thousand times faster than the nerve cells in the human bra

16、in. A problem that might take a human being two years to solve can be solved by a computer in one minute, but in order to work properly, a computer must be given instructionsit must be programmed. Computers can be designed for many specialized purposesthey can be used to prepare payrolls, guide airp

17、lane flights, direct traffic, even play chess. Computers play an essential role in modern automation in many plants and factories throughout the world. 6. A computer is a machine designed to _.A.perform work mathematicallyB.perform complicated calculationsC.store and select informationD.all of the a

18、bove答案:D解析 由文章第一段第一句“A computer is a machine designed to perform work mathematically and to store and select information that has been fed into it.”及后面的“These machines can do a great deal of complicated work in a very short time.”可知D項正確。7. The selection calls the vacuum tubes the electronic computer

19、s _.A.nerve cellsB.brainC.nervous systemD.heart答案:D解析 文章第二段第一句說到“The heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes”，故選D。8. The selection says that computers play an essential roles in _.A.automation processesB.mathematical computationsC.traffic controlD.the development of mathematical the

20、ory答案:A解析 文章第三段最后一句說到“Computers play an essential role in modern automation in many plants and factories throughout the world.”其中“in modern automation”與A選項對應。9. The use of computers for specialized purposes depends on the _.A.design of computerB.power used to operate the computerC.difficulty of the

21、mathematical calculations involvedD.the ability of the programmer答案:A解析 文章第三段第一句話說到“Computers can be designed for many specialized purposesthey can be used to prepare payrolls, guide airplane flights, direct traffic, even play chess.”可推知電腦可以被設計用于不同的目的，因此正確答案為A。10. The selection implies that human be

22、ings differ from computers in that human beings _.A.make fewer errorsB.do not have to be programmedC.work more quicklyD.understand their instructions答案:B解析 文章第二段最后一句說到“.a computer must be given instructionsit must be programmed.”這是計算機和人的不同之處，故選B。 The balance of nature is not an empty phrase. Nature

23、provides a population to occupy a suitable environment and cuts down surplus population to fit the available food supply. One means of reducing surplus population is predators(食肉動物); others are parasites(寄生蟲) and diseases. Also, population density produces nervous disorders and even drives animals t

24、o mass migrations, like the lemmings (旅鼠) of Norway who plunge into(跳入) the sea. That predators populations increase to control other animals has long been known. Many years ago, the Hudsons Bay Company records revealed that the fox population went up and down about a year after the rabbit populatio

25、n had gone up and down. Sometimes a situation occurs in which the predators population is reduced to a level below that which nature can readily replace. On Valcour Island in Lake Champlain (New York), a costly campaign resulted in the elimination of predatory animals only to have birds and small an

26、imalsincluding grouse(松雞) and hares, popular game(獵物)increase for four years afterward. Then lacking predator control, nature resorted to diseases to cut down these populations. Jamaica had an example of natures persistence in providing animals for existing habits. Sugar planters, about 75 years ago

27、, imported mongooses to control rats. The mongooses killed off the rats and, with plentiful food, multiplied. Rats became scarce and the mongooses ate lambs, kids, puppies (小狗), and wildlife. Eventually, food became scarce and the mongooses population declined. 11. According to the article, the phra

28、se balance of nature means _.A.the relation of wildlife to manB.the adequacy of the food supply to support its animal populationC.the ratio of small game to predatorsD.thee destruction of predators答案:B解析 the balance of nature的意思在文中第一段第二句便作了解釋：Nature provides a population to occupy a suitable environ

29、ment and cuts down surplus population to fit the available food supply. 故B正確。12. The effect of predator control over other animal populations _.A.has just been learnedB.is not recent knowledgeC.is not important nowD.was learned in Norway答案:B解析 第二段中第一句說到“That predators populations increase to control

30、 other animals has long been known.”這里的long been known意為“很久以來便知道的”。即是選項B的意思。13. When predators control is not available, nature brings animal population into balance by resorting to _.A.huntersB.diseasesC.storms and floodD.forest fires答案:B解析 文章第三段的最后一句說到“Then lacking predator control, nature resorte

31、d to diseases to cut down these populations.”而且在文中的第一段已指出有三種方式：其一食肉動物，其二寄生蟲，其三是疾病。這里的nature即用的是第三種方式。故選B。14. When the mongooses in Jamaica killed off the rats, they _.A.quickly died for lack of foodB.attacked humansC.became problems themselvesD.ate the sugar crop答案:C解析 第四段結尾說到“The mongooses killed o

32、ff the rats and, with plentiful food, multiplied. Rats became scarce and the mongooses ate lambs, kids, puppies(小狗) and wildlife.”可推知mongooses殺了rats后，它們自身生存也成了問題。故選C。15. Implied but not stated: _.A.Sugar planters imported mongooses to control ratsB.Man should never tamper(損害) with natureC.To upset t

33、he balance of nature can be troublesomeD.Man has complete control over nature答案:C解析 文中一開始便提到了自然界的平衡，而文中結尾處舉的例子也表明，破壞平衡會造成問題。故選C。 In spite of the strong opposition to new and strict environmental laws, however, it is still possible to attack the problem of chemical pollution; but we must attack it fr

34、om three directions. First, we need more independent research into the effects of chemicals by scientists who are not paid by the government or by large industrial companies. Second, scientists need to educate the general public and inform them about the dangers of chemicals in the environment. If t

35、he public knows that a certain chemical threatens the health of their children, then it will put pressure on politicians, in local and national government. If the politician want to remain in office, they will take action to correct the long-term economic costs of chemicals. It will be extremely exp

36、ensive to clean areas of land which are contaminated(污染) by chemicals; it will be even more costly to give medical treatment to people who are suffering from serious illnesses after exposure to dangerous chemicals. If governments realize this, the short-term economic benefits of chemicals will seem

37、much less attractive to them. If we can put pressure on governments in these three ways, perhaps they will begin to behave more responsibly. They will perhaps pass new laws against pollution and enforce them strictly. Perhaps, then, the chemical producers will begin to behave more responsibly. 16. W

38、hich of the following might be the best title for the passage?A.The Environment in Danger.B.The Problem of Chemical Pollution.C.New and Strict Environmental Laws.D.Possible Solutions to Chemical Pollution.答案:D解析 文章開頭便是中心句“.it is still possible to attack the problem of chemical pollution; but we must

39、 attack it from three directions.”因此D正確。17. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage?A.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.B.A procedure is explained and its importance is emphasized.C.A general statement is given and possible ways are presented.D

40、.Recent scientific advancements are outlined in order of importance.答案:C解析 根據文章結構可知，文章一開始提出了中心問題，即要解決化學污染問題，而后從三個方面提出解決方法。所以文章的結構是先提出論點，然后從三個方面進行論證。故選C。18. Which of the following is true of the governments mentioned in the passage?A.They are already behaving in an extremely responsible way.B.They do

41、 not believe that it is possible to solve the chemical pollution.C.They think chemicals do little harm to the health of humans.D.They are unwilling to stop the use of certain chemicals.答案:D解析 從第一段最后一句話“If governments realize this, the short-term economic benefits of chemicals will seem much less att

42、ractive to them.”可推理出目前化學制品的經濟利益依然對政府很有吸引力，因此政府不樂意停止使用化學制品。故D正確。19. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.The economy is more important to governments than the peoples health is.B.Governments think chemicals bring them more economic pollution.C.The public knows enough about the d

43、angers of chemical pollution.D.The governments fully realize the long-term economic costs of chemical pollution.答案:A解析 由第一段第四句“.then it will put pressure on politicians in office, and they will.”可看出政府沒有完全意識到化學污染的危害，而更多的在乎經濟利益，文章一直用if來表示將來政府會怎么做，因此選A更為正確。20. According to the passage, what will happen

44、 if the governments stop the use of some chemicals?A.The economy of the countries will suffer.B.Unemployment in the countries will grow.C.Some people and scientists will criticize them.D.The chemical producers will strongly protest.答案:A解析 從文章第一段可知，使用某些化學制品會帶來經驗效益，所以可推出，一旦停止使用化學制品，經濟必會遭到損失。故選A。 Belie

45、ve it or not, optical illusion can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons, painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really

46、 are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well

47、the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatestcurves, exit slopes,

48、 traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. Chevrons, scientists say, not

49、only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents. 21. The passage mainly discusses _.A.a new way of highway speed controlB.a new

50、 pattern for painting highwaysC.a new approach to training driversD.a new type of optical illusion答案:A解析 第一段點明了文章的主旨，接下來分層介紹了利用視覺錯覺減少高速路上交通事故的方法和好處，因此應選A。22. On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that _.A.they should avoid speed-related hazardsB.they are driving in the wrong laneC.the

51、y should slow down their speedD.they are approaching the speed limit答案:C解析 本題答案可定位在第二段最后一句話“Bent stripes. and thus drivers slow down.”，think和feel屬于關鍵詞替換，think后面就是答案：認為他們開的比實際速度要快，然后會慢下來。故選C。23. The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former _.A.can keep drivers awakeB.ca

52、n cut road accidents in halfC.will have a longer effect on driversD.will look more attractive答案:C解析 從文章最后一段的最后一句可知，人字形線能較長期降低汽車在公路上的行駛速度和減少交通事故的次數。而且第五段最后一句說“However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.”(然而，往往幾個月后車輛又恢復全速，因為司機已習慣看到那些橫線)

53、。兩者比較，人字形的影響時間更長，所以選C。24. The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to _.A.try out the Japanese method in certain areasB.change the road signs across the countryC.replace straight, horizontal bars with chevronsD.repeat the Japanese road patterns答案:A解析 本題可從第三段中找答案，A中repe

54、at和文中try out、on selected roads和文中in certain areas都是同義替換，答案就是A。25. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?A.They are falling out of use in the United StatesB.They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.C.They are applicable only on broad roads.D

55、.They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.答案:B解析 由第五段最后一句“However, traffic often. as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.”可知當司機們看習慣了那些直的、水平的條紋后，又會恢復全速開車。因此B項符合題意。 A breakthrough(突破) in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC) could be br

56、ought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could he provided in the EECs research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EECs scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan. The senior West German scientist in charge of the

57、Communitys solar energy program, Mr. Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three percent of the Communitys energy requirements even after the year 2000. But he said that with a modest increase in the present sums, devoted by the EEC to this work it was possible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade. Mr. Gretz calculates that if solar energy only provided three percent of the EECs needs, t