1、個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途封面?zhèn)€人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途作者： Pan Hongliang僅供個人學習機械工程專業(yè)英語測驗題(18-22)一、將下列詞組譯成漢語1. the base circle （基圓）2. the pitch curve （嚙合曲線）3. the contact force （接觸力）4.the intermittent motion（間歇運動）個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途5. the common normal （公法線）6. the conjugate profiles （共軛齒廓）7.the cycloidal profiles（擺線齒形）8. the involute p

2、rofiles （漸開線齒形）9. the spur gear （直齒輪）10. the herringbone gears （雙螺旋齒輪）11. the face gear （端面齒輪）12. the radial distance （徑向距離）13. the addendum circle （齒頂圓）14. The tooth thickness （齒厚）15. the tooth space （齒間隙）16. the cap screws （螺釘）17. the setscrews （固定螺絲釘）18. the engineering graphics （工程力學）19. mechani

3、cal design （機械設(shè)計）20. the installation techniques（安裝技術(shù)）21. the bolted joint （螺栓連接）22. the hardened washers （強化墊圈）23. the fatigue resistance （抗疲勞強度）24.the modulus of elasticity（彈性模量）25.the antifriction bearing（減摩軸承）26.the rolling bearing（滾動軸承）27.the rolling contact（滾動接觸）28. the sliding contact （滑動觸電）2

4、9. the corrosion resistance （抗腐蝕性）30. the machining tolerances（加工公差）31. the fatigue loading （疲勞載荷）32. the radial loads （徑向負荷）33. the thrust loads 逆負荷34. the ball bearing 球軸承35.the roller bearing 滾子軸承36.the single-row bearings單溝軸承37.the double-row bearing雙溝軸承38.the needle bearing 滾針軸承39. the bearing

5、life 軸承壽命40. The rating life 額定壽命41.the axis of rotation 旋轉(zhuǎn)軸42.The helix angle 螺旋角43.a right-hand helix右旋44.a left-hand helix左旋45.an involute helicoids 螺旋面46.an involute curve漸開線47.the shaft centerlines 軸中心線48.worm gear 蝸輪個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途49. the hypoid gear 準雙曲面齒輪50. right angle 直角51. worm gearing 蝸桿傳動5

6、2. the lead angle 導(dǎo)角53. shaft angle 軸線角度54. bending load 彎曲載荷55. tension load 張力負荷56. compression load 壓縮負載57. torsional load 扭轉(zhuǎn)負荷58. the bending moment彎矩59. the bending stress 彎曲應(yīng)力60. the shot peening 噴丸法61.the actuating force工作力62.the coefficient of friction摩擦系數(shù)63.An electromagnetic coil電磁線圈64.the

7、 magnetic circuit磁路二、將下列短語譯成漢語1.disk or plate translating (two-dimensional or planar)盤形傳動凸輪 （兩維的，即平面的）2.cylindrical (three-dimensional or spatial) cams圓柱形凸輪（三維的，即空間的）機構(gòu)3.a radial (in-line) translating roller follower一個對心直動滾子從動件4.a constant angular velocity ratio旋轉(zhuǎn)角速度的比例5.a constant torque ratio一個恒轉(zhuǎn)矩

8、比6.Nonlinear angular velocity ratios非線性角速度比率7.the parallel helical gear平行斜齒輪8.the crossed helical gear交叉斜齒輪9.the straight bevel gear直錐齒輪10.the spiral bevel gear弧齒錐齒輪11.the skew bevel gear大角度斜交錐齒輪12.the hexagon head screws 六角頭螺釘13.the fillister head screws槽頭螺釘14.the flat head screws平頭螺釘15.the hexagon

9、 socket head screws內(nèi)六角沉頭螺釘。16.the external tensile load外部拉伸載荷17.the external shear load外部剪切負荷18.The single-row deep-groove bearing 單列深溝軸承19.The angular-contact bearing角接觸軸承20.the self-aligning bearings自動調(diào)心軸承21.the straight roller bearings直滾子軸承22.the spherical-roller thrust bearing球形輥止推軸承23.the taper

10、ed roller bearings圓錐滾子軸承24.the condition of statical equilibrium淺析條件下平衡25.the positive-contact clutches強制接觸離合器26.the overload-release clutches超載釋放保護離合器27.the overrunning clutches超越離合器個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途28. the magnetic fluid clutches磁流變離合器三、將下列單詞譯成漢語1. cam 凸輪2. camshaft 凸輪軸3. accuracy 精度4. dependability 可靠

11、性5. pulley 滑輪6. flywheel 飛輪7. crank 曲柄8. sprocket 鏈輪9. axle 心軸10. spindle 主軸11. clutche 離合器12. brake 制動四翻譯下列句子1 Although a cam and follower may be designed for motion, path, or function generation, the majority of applications utilize the cam and follower for function generation.雖然可以把凸輪和它的從動件設(shè)計為用于運動

12、變換， 路徑變換或者函數(shù)變換， 但大多數(shù)用途是利用凸輪和它的從動件做函數(shù)變換。2. In the case of a disk cam with a radial (in-line) translating roller follower the smallest circle that can be drawn tangent to the cam surface and concentric with the camshaft is the base circle. 對于一個對心直動滾子從動件盤形凸輪，可畫出的與凸輪表面相切且與輪軸同心的最小圓是基圓譯文P40 13. Numerous a

13、pplications in automatic machinery require intermittent motion. A typical example will call for a rise-dwell-return and perhaps another dwell period of a specified number of degrees each, together with a required follower displacement measured incentimeters or degrees.在自動化機械中的許多應(yīng)用需要間歇運動。 一個典型的例子將要求一

14、個含有上升一停歇一返回和可能另一個停歇的周期， 每階段經(jīng)過一個指定的角度， 伴隨著一個所要求的從動件的位移，這個位移以厘米或度來度量。譯文P40 24 Any two mating tooth profiles that satisfy the fundamental law of gearing are called conjugate profiles.任何滿足齒輪傳動基本定律的一對相互嚙合齒廓稱之為共軛齒廓。5. Although there are many tooth shapes possible in which a mating tooth could bedesigned t

15、o satisfy the fundamental law, only two are in general use: the cycloidal andinvolute profiles.雖然可以設(shè)計出有很多齒廓來滿足傳動裝置的基本定律，但通常所使用的只有兩種：即擺線齒廓和漸開線齒廓。6. Typical methods of fastening and joining parts include the use of such items as bolts, nuts, cap screws, setscrews, rivets, locking devices and keys.緊固和聯(lián)

16、結(jié)零部件的典型方法包含使用這些零件：鉚釘，鎖緊裝置和鍵。螺栓，螺母，有頭螺釘、 定位螺釘，個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途7. Methods of joining parts are extremely important in the engineering of a quality design, and it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the performance offasteners and joints under all conditions of use and design.在質(zhì)量設(shè)計工程中， 聯(lián)結(jié)零部件的方

17、法非常重要， 因此， 徹底了解緊固零件和聯(lián)結(jié)零件在所有使用和設(shè)計條件下的性能是非常必要的。8. When a connection is desired which can be disassembled without destructing the parts assembled and which is strong enough to resist both external tensile load and shearload, or a combination of these, then the simple bolted joint using hardened washers

18、 is a good solution.當想要一個可以被拆開又不破壞被聯(lián)接零件的聯(lián)接時， 而且這個聯(lián)接又要有足夠的強度以承受外拉力和剪力或這兩種力的結(jié)合，使用淬火墊圈的簡單螺栓聯(lián)結(jié)是一個很好的方法。譯文 P43 29. The problem of the specialist in mechanical design is not how to design a rolling bearing but, rather, how to select one.在機械設(shè)計中，專家所面臨的問題，不是如何設(shè)計軸承，而是如何挑選軸承。10. The term antifriction bearing i

19、s used to describe that class of bearing in which the main load is transferred through elements in rolling contact rather than in sliding contact.減摩軸承這個詞被用于描述這樣一類軸承，的元件傳遞的其主要載荷是通過滾動接觸而不是滑動接觸11. It is this gradual engagement of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, whic

20、h give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds正是螺旋齒輪， 從一個齒到另一個齒的逐漸嚙合和載荷的平穩(wěn)傳遞，速下傳遞重載荷的能力給了螺旋齒輪在高12. A shaft is a rotating or stationary member, usually of circular cross section, havingmounted upon it such elements as gears, pulleys, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and otherpow

21、er-transmission elements.軸是一個固定或轉(zhuǎn)動的零件， 通常是圓截面的， 在它上面安裝了如齒輪， 帶輪，飛輪，曲柄，鏈輪等零件和其他動力傳遞零件13. Roughing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is high, but the required dimensional accuracy relatively low.粗加工，通常金屬切削率和切削力高，但所要求的尺寸精度相對低。14. Machines using basically the single-p

22、oint cutting tools include: (1) engine lathes, (2)turretlathes,(3) tracingand duplicatinglathes,(4) single-spindleautomaticlathes,(5)multi-spindle automatic lathes, (6) shapers and planers, (7) boring machines.使用單刃切削刀具的機床主要包括： (1)普通車床， (2) 六角車床， (3) 仿形車床， (4)單軸自動車床， (5) 多軸自動車床， (6) 牛頭刨床和龍門刨床 , (7)鏜床

23、。15. Upright drilling machines or drill presses are available in a variety of sizes and types, and are equipped with a sufficient range of spindle speeds and automatic feeds to fit the needs of most industries.立式鉆床或鉆孔壓力機， 具有各種各樣的尺寸和類型， 為了適合大多數(shù)工業(yè)的需求， 這些機床都裝配有充足的軸速范圍和自動進給量。16. Chemical milling is cont

24、rolled etching process using strong alkaline or acid etchants. Aluminum, titanium, magnesium, and steel are the principal metals processed by this method.個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途化學蝕刻， 通過使用強堿或強酸蝕刻劑來控制蝕刻過程，處理的主要金屬。鋁，鈦，鎂和鋼是用這種方法17. Antifriction bearings are used in a great variety of products, toys, household prod

25、ucts, refrigerators, roller stakes, garage doors, trucks, industrial machinery, dental equipments and guided missiles, for example.減摩軸承使用在各種各樣的產(chǎn)品中，卡車，工業(yè)機械，牙醫(yī)設(shè)備和導(dǎo)彈等等。例如：玩具，家用產(chǎn)品， 電冰箱， 軋輥座，汽車門，18. The important difference between the two is that area contact exists between the teeth of double-envelopin

26、g gears while only line contact between those of single-enveloping gears.這兩者之間的重要區(qū)別是： 在雙包圍蝸輪組的輪齒間有面接觸， 而在單包圍蝸輪組的輪齒間只有線接觸。19. Although positive clutches are not used to the extent of the frictional-contact type, they do have important applications 3 where synchronous operation is required.雖然強制接觸離合器不像

27、摩擦離合器用得那么廣泛， 但在需要同步操作時， 它們確實有著非常重要的應(yīng)用。20. Finishing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is low, but the required dimensional accuracy and surface finish relatively high.精加工，通常金屬切削率和切削力低，但所要求的尺寸精度和表面光潔度相對高。21. Machines using multipoint cutting tools include: (1) dri

28、lling machines, (2) milling machines, (3) broaching machines, (4) sawing machines, (5) gear-cutting machines.使用多刃切削刀具的機床包括：(1) 鉆床，(2) 銑床，(3) 拉床， (4)鋸床，(5) 齒輪切削機床。22. Tracer milling is characterized by coordinated or synchronized movements of eitherthe paths of the cutter and tracing elements, or the

29、 paths of the workpiece and model.仿形銑床的特點是刀具和跟蹤元件的軌跡運動的協(xié)調(diào)或同步， 或者是工件和模型的軌跡運動的協(xié)調(diào)或同步。23. The problem of the specialist in mechanical design is not how to design a rollingbearing but, rather, how to select one.在機械設(shè)計中，專家所面臨的問題，不是如何設(shè)計軸承，而是如何挑選軸承。24. The ultrasonic machining process is applied to both cond

30、ucting and non-conductingmaterial, and relies entirely upon abrasive action for metal removal.超聲波加工工藝既應(yīng)用于導(dǎo)體材料， 也用于非導(dǎo)體材料， 并且完全依賴于磨損作用進行金屬切削。五翻譯下列短文1. Numerous applications in automatic machinery require intermittent motion. A typical example will call for a rise-dwell-return and perhaps another dwell

31、 period of a specified number of degrees each, together with a required follower displacement measured incentimeters or degrees. 2 The designers job is to lay out the cam accordingly. The first decision to be made is to choose the cam follower type. The specified application may dictate the combinat

32、ion of the cam and follower. Some factors that should enter into thedecision are: geometric considerations, dynamic considerations, environmental considerations and economic matters. Once a type of cam and follower pair has been selected, the follower motion must be chosen. Therefore, the velocity,

33、acceleration, and insome cases further derivatives of the displacement of the follower are of great importance.個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途在自動化機械中的許多應(yīng)用需要間歇運動。 一個典型的例子將要求一個含有上升一停歇一返回和可能另一個停歇的周期， 每階段經(jīng)過一個指定的角度， 伴隨著一個所要求的從動件的位移， 這個位移以厘米或度來度量。 設(shè)計者的工作就是相應(yīng)地設(shè)計出該凸輪。 首先要做的決策就是要選擇凸輪從動件的類型。 規(guī)定的應(yīng)用可能要求凸輪和從動件相結(jié)合。 轉(zhuǎn)化為決策的某些因素有： 幾何形

34、狀條件， 動力條件，環(huán)境條件和經(jīng)濟因素。 一旦凸輪與從動件運動副類型被選定，則從動件運動就必定選定。因此，速度、加速度和在某些情況下，從動件位移的進一步的方案實屬極端重要。2. Gears are machine elements that transmit motion by means of successively engaging teeth. Gears transmit motion from one rotating shaft to another, or to a rack that translates.Numerous applications exist in whic

35、h a constant angular velocity ratio (or constant torqueratio) must be transmitted between shafts. Based on the variety of gear types available, there is no restriction that the input and the output shafts need be either in-line or parallel.Nonlinear angular velocity ratios are also available by using noncircular gears. In order to maintain a constant angular velocity, the individual tooth profile must obey the fundamentallaw of gearing, for a pair of gears to transmit a constant angular velocity ratio, the shape個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途