1、.(1) To prospectively evaluate the effect of heart rate, heart rate variability, and calcification dual-source computed tomography (CT) image quality and to prospectively assess diagnostic accuracy of dual-source CT for coronary artery stenosis. by using invasive coronary angiography as the referenc

2、e standard.前瞻性評價心率、心率變異性及鈣化雙源計算機斷層掃描成像質量的影響及對冠狀動脈狹窄的雙源性冠狀動脈狹窄診斷的準確性評價。以侵入性冠狀動脈造影為參照標準。(2) Chest radiography plays an essential role in the diagnosis of thoracic disease and is the most frequently performed radiologic examination in the United States. Since the discovery of X rays more than a century

3、 ago, advances in technology have yieled numerous improvements in thoracic imaging. Evolutionary progress in film-based imaging has led to the development of excellent screen-film systems specifically designed for chest radiography.胸部X線攝影中起著至關重要的作用在胸部疾病的診斷，是最常用的影像學檢查在美國。由于發現X射線的一個多世紀前，技術的進步得到了大量的改進，

4、在胸部影像。電影為基礎的成像的進化進展，導致了專門設計用于胸部放射攝影的優秀的屏幕膜系統的發展。(3)although mammography is quite sensitive for the detection of breast cancer morphologic criteria that are mammographically visible are frequently insufficient for the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions.Performance of needle aspiration a

5、nd needle localization procedures followed by excisional biopsy is frequently necessary to determine the origin of a mammographic finding. 雖然攝影是乳腺癌的形態學標準，乳房可見檢測相當敏感，經常不足的惡性病變良性分化性能。穿刺針定位切除活檢程序經常需要確定一個X線發現的起源 (4)Therefore,initiatives have been taken among radiation protection authorities to give prio

6、rity to investigations of dose levels and frequencies of X-ray examinations among children. The main objective is to establish recommendation of upper dose limits for various diagnostic procedures and to implement minimum requirements for equipment standards.因此，在輻射防護當局之間采取了主動行動，優先考慮兒童的劑量水平和頻率的調查。主要目

7、標是建立各種診斷程序的上限的建議，并實施設備標準的最低要求。(5)Thus, the aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate to what extent image quality in 16-detector row CT coronary angiography is a function of the heart rate and image reconstruction technique.因此，我們的研究的目的是前瞻性評估在何種程度上的圖像質量在16檢測器行冠狀動脈造影是一個功能的心臟速率和圖像重建技術。(6)The aim o

8、f our study was to prospectively evaluate the effect of heart rate, heart rate variability, and calcification on dual-source CT image quality and to prospectively assess the diagnostic accuracy of dual-source CT for coronary artery stenosis , by using invasive coronaryangiography as the reference st

9、andard.本研究的目的是前瞻性評估心臟心率、心率變異性和鈣化對雙源的圖像質量的影響，并前瞻性評估冠狀動脈狹窄的雙源斷層掃描的診斷準確率，通過使用侵入性冠狀動脈血管造影作為參考標準。(7)The purpose of this study was to compare observer performance for the detection of urinary system calculi using computed radiographs with different display formats and different viewing systems.本研究的目的是比較的觀

10、察員性能檢測泌尿系統結石的CT片有不同的顯示格式和不同觀測系統。(8)CT studies were performed with a dual-source scanner in all patients and were performed without complications.Prior to acquisition of the topogram, patients received a single dose of 2.5mg of idodine.CT檢查與所有患者雙源掃描儀進行，無并發癥。對像收購之前，患者接受單劑量2.5mg的碘。(10)The degree of cor

11、relation between multi-detector row CT coronary angiography and invasive coronary angiography in grading of coronary atherosclerosis was investigated with Spearman correlation analysis. The symmetry of data distribution and any underestimation or overestimation with multi-detector row CT coronary an

12、giography were checked with the Bowker test.多排螺旋CT冠狀動脈造影和冠狀動脈造影冠狀動脈評分之間的相關程度進行Spearman相關分析研究。數據分布和任何低估或高估與多排CT冠狀動脈成像的對稱性與對稱性檢查。(11)The quality of the images obtained with the digital flat-panel detector system was rated significantly superior to the quality of those obtained with the conventional fi

13、lm-screen radiography system .與數字的平板探測器系統獲得的圖像的質量被評為顯著優于那些獲得與傳統的電影屏幕攝影系統的質量。(12) In conclusion , our results indicate that in 16-row detector cardiac CT, image quality critically depends on the choice of a suited reconstruction interval and reconstruction technique. In patients with a high heart rat

14、e, the best image quality is observed in end systole and early diastole ; in patients with a lower heart rate, the best image quality is observed in middiastole.總之，我們的研究結果表明，在16排探測器心臟斷層，圖像質量的關鍵取決于一個合適的重建間隔和重建技術的選擇。在患者的高心率、圖像質量最好的是在收縮末期和舒張早期觀察；患者心率較低，圖像質量最好的是觀察舒張中期。(9)Image reconstruction in all data

15、 sets was performed by using retrospective electrocardiographic gating, a technique that allowed continuous image reconstruction from volume data sets during any phase of the cardiac cycle采用回顧性心電門控技術在所有數據集進行圖像重建，技術，允許從體數據重建圖像連續的心動周期的任何階段 數字系統提供了一個寬廣的動態范圍，這尤其適用于胸部成像。數字胸部X線攝影的第一步是使用儲存熒光板，它能夠生成質量足以與傳統屏

16、-片系統向媲美的影像。然而為了達到相似的對比分辨率，需要較高的放射劑量。Digital system provides.contrast resolutionDigital systems provide a broad dynamic range, which is especially suitable for chest imaging. Digital chest radiography is the first step in the use of stored fluorescent panels, it can generate enough quality and tradit

17、ional screen film system to match the image. However, in order to achieve similar contrast resolution, higher radiation dose is required. 在過去的幾年里，空間分辨率和時間分辨率的提高致使高度狹窄、病變的診斷圖像質量更好、準確性更高。因此，16層和64層CT具有改善高心率患者的圖像質量和減少由于重度鈣化引起的放射狀偽影的潛力。In the past.to heavy calcificationIn the past few years, the improve

18、ment of the spatial and temporal resolution leads to a better image quality and higher accuracy in the diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, the 16 layer and the 64 layer CT have the potential to improve the image quality of the patients with high heart rate and to reduce the radial artifacts due to

19、severe calcification.數字乳腺X線攝影被認為是“在乳腺癌監控方面最具潛力”的技術。在數字乳腺X線攝影中，影像獲取、存儲、及顯示是獨立完成的，且使每步最優化。 Digital mammography is.the X-ray energyDigital mammography is considered to be the most promising technology in the field of breast cancer surveillance. In digital mammography, image acquisition, storage, and di

20、splay are completed independently, and make every step of optimization.采用心臟重建算法為16排CT（西門子）配備的標準心臟軟件包進行圖像重建。這種算法允許單扇區圖像重建時心率低于72/min,雙扇區重建時心率高于72/min。 在此心率范圍之間，時間分辨率呈線性增加和減少。The adaptive cardiac volume.72beats per minute. Between these heart.and decrease.The cardiac reconstruction algorithm was used

21、to reconstruct the image of 16 slice CT (SIEMENS) with standard heart software package. This algorithm allows a single sector image reconstruction when the heart rate is less than 72/min, the dual sector reconstruction of heart rate is higher than 72/min. In this heart rate range, the time resolutio

22、n increases linearly and decreases.我們的結論：這種新型大面積硅平板探測器的診斷性的診斷性能在臨床胸部成像中等同于或優于傳統屏-片系統，并可取代傳統X線照相系統。We conclude that.radiographic systemOur conclusion: the diagnostic performance of this new type of large area silicon flat panel detector is equivalent to or superior to the traditional screen film syst

23、em in clinical chest imaging, and can replace the traditional X-ray radiography system.總的來說，我們證明了雙源CT通過改善時間分辨率為圖像質量提供了一個較廣的心率范圍，使圖像質量從心率的限制中獨立出來。然而檢查期間的心率變化對圖像質量有普遍的影響，對于圖像質量有一個很大的下降。In conclusion，we demonstrated.In general, we show that the dual source CT through improvement in time resolution for

24、the quality of the image provides a wide range of the heart rate, make the image quality from the heart rate independent. However, during the examination, the heart rate changes have a general effect on image quality, and there is a big decline in image quality.圖像評價有同樣的兩個研究人員共同判讀。所有數據隨機進行評估，且重建間隔、重建

25、技術和心率均為盲法評估。評估橫斷面圖像、多平面重組技術（MPRS）薄層最大密度投影技術（MIPS）Image evaluation was. Were assessedImage evaluation has the same interpretation of the same two researchers. All the data were randomly evaluated, and the reconstruction interval, the reconstruction technique and the heart rate were all evaluated by the blind method. Assessment of