1、 最領先的一對一個性化教育品牌 牛津英語8A語法知識匯總一、語法專題-形容詞和副詞的比較級（一）形容詞的比較等級(1)用法講解大多數的形容詞都有三個級別：原級、比較級、最高級。其中比較級表示“更”，用于兩者之間的比較，用來說明“前者比后者更”，比較級前面一般用much, even, a little修飾，其中even, much 只能修飾比較級。最高級表示“最”，用于三者及三者以上之間的比較，用來說明“某人或某物在某個范圍內最” 形容詞的比較級(-er)和最高級(-est)的構成a. 規則變化之口訣：直接加；去e加；雙寫加；變著加 b. 不規則變化原級比較級最高級good / wellbett

2、erbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarther, furtheroldolder, elderoldest, eldest 比較級前的修飾語still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather；a little, a bit；much, a lot, far, many；twice, ten times, one fourth, two pounds, three years【小試牛刀】1. I cant

3、 run any _(far). Shall we stop for a while? 2. It is not so (hot) today as it was yesterday, 3. _ (hard) you study, _ (good) you will be at English.4.-Which do you like _ (well), English, Maths or Chinese? -English is my favorite subject. 5. Our country is becoming _ and _ (beautiful).Keys: 1、farthe

4、r 2、hot 3、The harder, the better 4、best 5、more， more beautiful（二）形容詞的比較等級(2)常見句型 A=B A+ V + as + adj./adv. + as + B （與。一樣）He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一樣高。He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父親一樣是個好教師。A B A + V + not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B （與。不一樣）They didnt do as/so much work as you did. 他們

5、干得事沒有你多。Ive never seen as/so old a car as this.我從來沒有見過像這樣舊的車。A B 或A B A + V + 比較級 + than + B （比。）Tom is two years older than his brother. 湯姆比他的弟弟大兩歲。Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我們的教室比他們的大。表示倍數A + V + twice/four times/ + as + adj./adv. + as + B（A是B的兩倍/四倍/）This room is twice as large as that

6、one. 整個房間是那房間的兩倍大。The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。表示程度的遞增主語 + V + 比較級+ and+比較級 (越來越) 或主語 + V + more and more+ +adj./adv. (越來越) The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天變得越來越長了。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我們的國家變得越來越美了。表示兩種情況同時變化The+ 比較級+ 主語+ V + ，the+ 比較級+ 主語

7、+ V + (越越) The more we get together, the happier well be.=If we get together more, well be happier.我們聚得越多，我們就會越高興。The harder you study, the better youll be at English.= If you study harder, youll be better at English.你學習越努力，你的英語成績越好。 主語+ be +one of the+ 最高級 + n.(pl.) + in/of (是最之一) Beijing is one of

8、 the oldest cities in China.北京是中國最古老的城市之一。 主語+ V。+ the+ 最高級 + in/of (最) Ann studies hardest of all the girls in our class.安妮是我們班學習最用功的學生之一。 主語+ V。+ the+ 比較級 + of the two (較的) Lily is the taller of the twins.莉莉是這兩個雙胞胎中較高的那個。 主語+ V。+ 比較級 + than + any of the other +n. (復數) + in(比任何其他的更)He is taller tha

9、n any other student in his class.他比他班級中其他的任何學生高。= He is taller than any of the other students in his class.= He is the tallest students in his class.【小試牛刀】1. It is not so_ (beautiful) as the one back home. 2. Li Lin is not as_ (active)as he used to be. 3. The air pollution is much_ (serious)in our c

10、ity than in theirs. 4. This is one of the_(delicious)dishes in this restaurant. 5. Judy got the_(many)new ideas of all the students here.Keys: 1、beautiful 2、active 3、more serious 4、 most delicious 5、the most（三）易錯點講解命題角度1 形容詞、副詞的位置以及易混淆的形容詞的用法典型例題1.( 典型例題 ) This _ girls are Lindas cousin. A. pretty l

11、ittle Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 考場錯解 D 專家把脈 本題考查考生多個形容詞作定語時的位置關系。參見下文的規律總結。 對癥下藥 A2.(典型例題) to take adventure course will certainly learn a lot useful skills. A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Student

12、s enough brave考場錯解 A 專家把脈 考生本題容易出錯的地方是:通常單個形容詞作定語要前置，所以常常誤選。英語中有些形容詞作定語時要后置，如:大多數以字母a開頭的形容詞；形容詞修飾不定代詞時等。本題中，enough作副詞修飾形容詞時副詞通常要后置。又因為students作句子的主語，要放在句子的開頭，修飾它的形容詞放在其后。故答案為C。 對癥下藥 C3.(典型例題 ) students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youn

13、g C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 考場錯解 B專家把脈 本題容易受漢語習慣的影響從而導致誤選。解答的關鍵是弄懂其排列順序問題。可參見下文的“規律總結”。 對癥下藥 A總結：1.英語中某些副詞短語的意義和用法很重要。 這類短語常見的還有: more than， no more than， too much， much too， by far， more than， more than， no less than， not less than 等，在平常練習中要加以注意。2.意義相近的形容詞和副詞的用法要加以注意:

14、hard， hardly; deep， deeply; high， highly; dead，deadly; most， mostly; fair， fairly; quite， fairly， rather; almost， nearly; such 等。3.多個形容詞同時修飾一個名詞時，多用下列順序:性質+大小+形狀+新舊+顏色，有時也要看與名詞的密切關系，越密切越靠近名詞。多個詞同時作前置定語時的一般排列規律是:代詞性定語+冠詞指物主所有格+數詞(先序后基)+形容詞+國籍材料用途形容詞或名詞或動名詞+被修飾的名詞。例如:a charming small round old brown F

15、rench oak writing table.訓練： 1 Excuse me, but can I borrow your pencil- box?A. blue cheap plastic B. cheap blue plastic C. plastic blue cheap D. plastic cheap blue答案: B解析:最近的是材料，最遠的是一般性描繪形容詞cheap。2 Mr. Evans is wise than smart. Few people can solve such a problem.A. no less B. no more C. less D. more

16、答案: D解析:morethan與其說不如說。3 Whoever has sense knows that smoking is harmftd to peoples health.A. normal B. general C. ordinary D. common答案: D X k B 1 . c o m解析:根據語境，“擁有一般常識的人”，用common 來表示“普通的，平常的”。命題角度2 形容詞、副詞的比較級結構；形容詞、副詞前面使用冠詞的情況以及倍數的表達方法 典型例題1.(典型例題)David has won the first prize in singing; he is st

17、ill very excited now and feels _ desire to go to bed. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least考場錯解 A或C 專家把脈 解答本題首先要理解語境。David剛剛獲獎，還很興奮，那么睡覺的欲望當然是很少了。the least表示“最少的”的意思。 對癥下藥 D2.(典型例題) Mary kept weighing herself to see how much_ she was getting. A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest考場錯

18、解 B專家把脈 本題最容易出錯的地方是考生難以理解句意中暗含的比較，常常會誤選D.囚此，讀懂題干是關鍵。在此基礎上就不難理解瑪麗所做的目的是“看看 (比以前)重了多少”。 對癥下藥 A3.(典型例題) The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and I paying here. A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much 考場錯解 A 專家把脈 在表達倍

19、數時，比較級的修飾詞要放在 as.as結構之前。同時本題又是一個省略句，這都是錯誤的根源。具體用法參見下文的“規律總結”。 對癥下藥 D總結： 1.形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級前的冠詞用法:形容詞最高級前須加the，副詞最高級前都可以。做表語的形容詞前如果沒有比較范圍和比較對象也可省去the，比較級在特指意義時須加the，泛指時可數單數須加aan.Most + 原級形容詞的結構中，前面用不定冠詞a，an或無冠詞時，并非是最高級意思，most意思為“very(非常)”。2.形容詞比較級的倍數表達方式:比較級修飾詞+ as + adj.adV.十as和比較級修飾詞+ as + manymuch+ n

20、.+ as.在“as.as”結構中，第一個as是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，強調程度。當某些副詞如so,as,too,how等用來修飾名詞前的形容詞時；不定冠詞放在該形容詞之后，名詞之前。后一個as引導比較狀語從句。表示倍數的三個句 型是:(1) times as + 形容詞原級 + as例如:This table is three times as big as that one. (2) times +性質名詞 + of 例如:This table is three times bigger than that one.3.比較級前可以用 even, still,a bit /little,m

21、uch, a lot, far, by far, no, any等修飾，表示程度。最高級前可以有序數詞，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really ,not quite, nothing like等來修飾。例如:Is your father any better? 你父親好些了嗎？Yes,much better.是的，好多了。Id like to buy the second most expensive laptop.4.形容詞副詞比較的對象應該相同但不能相互包容。常用以下結構形式:比較級 + than +any other + 單數名詞；

22、比較級 + than + anyone else；比較級 + than +any of the other +復數名詞。例如: China is larger than any other country in Asia /all the other countries in Asia.The weather here is colder than that of Huanggang.The computers made in our factory are better than those in your factory,訓練1 Youd better go and buy some to

23、matoes for the dinner party, for you see, there are _ _ tomatoes left in the basket than I imagined.A. far more B. far fewer C. many more D. many fewer答案: B解析:far修飾比較級。2 Are you satisfied with his work? Well, Im afraid it couldnt be _ .A. any better B. the best C. any worse D. the worst答案: C解析:否定詞和比

24、較級連用相當于最高級。3 Exercise is _ _ any other to lose unwanted weight.A. so useful a way B. as a useful way C. as useful a way D. such a useful way答案: C二、反身代詞（一）反身代詞用法講解1、反身代詞的構成 反身代詞又稱自身代詞，有人稱和數的變化。其中，第一、二人稱的反身代詞由“形容詞性物主代詞 + 后綴-self（單數）/ - selves（復數）”構成，第三人稱的反身代詞由“人稱代詞的賓格 + 后綴-self（單數）/ - selves（復數）”構成。【家

25、庭成員】人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數myselfyourselfhimself herself itself復數ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2、反身代詞的用法 She called herself Xiao Zhang. 她自稱小張。 We can look after ourselves well. 我們會照顧好自己的。 The poor boy in the story is myself. 故事里的那個可憐的男孩就是我自己 They finished the work themselves. 他們獨自完成了工作。 Did you see Mr. Wang

26、 himself? 你見過 王先生本人嗎？【規律總結】w W w .X k b 1.c O m反身代詞可以作動詞或介詞的賓語，如例句；可以作表語，如例句；可以作主語或賓語的同位語，用于加強語氣，意為“親自，本人”，如例句。一些常用的固定搭配 look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己teach oneself sth. / learn sth. by oneself 自學enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過得愉快help oneself to sth. 請自用（隨便吃/喝些）hurt oneself摔傷自己say to oneself 自言

27、自語（二）易錯點講解 反身代詞不能單獨做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強調作用。例如：我自己能完成作業。（誤）Myself can finish my homework.（正）I myself can finish my homework. 反身代詞表示“某人自己”，不能表示“某人自己的東西”，因為它沒有所有格的形式。表達“某人自己的（東西）”時，須要用ones own. 例如：我用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。（誤）Im drawing with myself crayons. （正）Im drawing with my own crayons.【趁熱打鐵】用合適的反身代詞填空。xKb 1.C om 1

28、. Danny, can you do it by _?2. Lily is old enough to look after _ now.3. Please help _ to the food, Jenny and Brian.4. They are enjoying _ in the park now.5. I want to go shopping. I want to buy _ a T-shirt.Keys:1. yourself 2. herself 3. yourselves 4. themselves 5. myself三、祈使句（一）祈使句用法講解祈使句指的是表示命令、請求

29、、建議或勸告的句子。其主語you常省略，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號或句號，讀降調。1. 肯定的祈使句（1）動詞原形+其他 Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 請起立。（2）Be + n./adj. Be a good boy! 要做一個好孩子! Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 當心！（3）Let + 賓語 + 動詞原形 + 其它成分 Let me help you. 讓我來幫你。 Lets go to school together. 咱們一起上學去吧。2. 否定的祈使句(1) Dont + 動詞原形

30、Dont stand up. 別站起來。 Dont be careless. 別粗心。 Dont let them play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。(2) Let型的否定式有兩種:“Dont + let + 賓語 + 動詞原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 賓語 + not + 動詞原形 + 其它成分”。 Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 別讓他走。 Let them not play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。(3) no開頭,用來表示禁止性的祈使句。X|k | B | 1 . c |O |m No smoking! 禁止吸煙!No

31、 fishing! 禁止釣魚!3. 祈使句的強調形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助動詞Do。 例如：Do shut up! 快住口！ 4. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的動作通常是表示將來發生的動作，所以回答祈使句時，一般用 will或wont。 在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時，要注意兩點： 1) 形式一致(即Yes與will保持一致；No與wont保持一致) 2) 意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思；No是 “是”的意思)。 在回答時，要注意分析上下文語境中所提供的條件。如：- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside. 請不要出去。外面雨下得很大

32、。 - Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去機場接我弟弟。 （二）易錯點講解1、放句首時，要注意Dont后面要用動詞原形；2、當人稱后面有標點符號時，要注意是用祈使句還是用三單。如：Lucy, dont be late again. Lucy, a 17-year-old girl, is not late again.3、祈使句與or的搭配， 如：Hands up, or well shoot. 【趁熱打鐵】1. _ late again, Bill! A. Dont to be B. Dont be C.

33、 Not be D. Be not2. _ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. A. Not B. Wont C. Doesnt D. Dont3. Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing4. _ me the truth, or Ill be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell5 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard” A

34、Stop B Dont C Cant D No w W w .X k b 1.c O m6. Sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclock A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure 7._ when you cross the road. A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful 8. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes. A Not to read B Dont read C Dont to read D Not read 9 _ t

35、ell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never Keys: 1-5 BDADB 6-9 DCBD四、should和had better（一）should用法講解1. 用于第一人稱疑問句，表征詢意見。如：Should I open the window? 我可以開窗戶嗎？2. should表義務，可用于各種句式，通常指將來。如：You should do what your parents tell you.你應該照你父母的話去做事。He should do some work, but he doesnt want to.他應該做些工作，但是他不想做。也可指現在。

36、如：You shouldnt be sitting in the sun.你不應該坐在陽光下。3. should表推測，暗含很大的可能。如：Its 4:30. They should be in New York by now. 現在是四點半，他們應該到達紐約了。（二）had better用法講解1. had better的基本用法特點其意為“最好”、“應該”，后接動詞原形，與情態動詞should用法相似，其中的had通常縮略為 d。如：Youd better get some sleep你最好去睡一會兒。We had better go before it rains.我們最好在下雨前就去。

37、2. had better如何構成否定式和疑問式構成否定式時，通常將not置于had better之后(而不是had之后)；而構成疑問式時，則通常將had(而不是had better)置于主語之前。如：Id better not disturb him我最好別去打擾他。What had we better do? 我們最好怎么辦? 【注】在否定疑問句或反意疑問句中可將not與had連用。如：Hadnt we better go now? 我們是不是現在就去呢? 3. had better后接進行式有時后接動詞的進行式，表示最好馬上做某事如：I think Id better be going我

38、想我最好還是馬上走。Youd better be getting your clothes ready. 你最好馬上把衣服準備好。【趁熱打鐵】一、 句式轉換：1、 You should go to school on time.(否定句)_2、 You had better get here early.(否定句)_3、 You should dress neatly.(同義句) _ 4、 Wed better put the rubbish in the bin.(劃線提問)_Keys: 1 You shouldnt go to school on time. 2 You had bette

39、r not get here early.3. You had better dress neatly 4. Where should we put the rubbish?二、 單選( )1. This dictionary belongs to Rita. You _ it home without letting her know. A. had better not to take B. shouldnt take C. neednt take D. shouldnt be taking( )2. This is a very important project，so you _ pl

40、an it very carefully. A. should B. will C. dare D. need( )3. You had better _ football near the street，its very dangerous. A. not to play B. dont play C. not play D. to not play( )4. Our money is very limited， so you _ so much money on so dear a skirt. A. shouldnt spent B. shouldnt be spending C. ne

41、ednt spent D. wont spendKeys: BACAhttp:/ww w.xkb 1.com五、may的用法1、can, could的用法1. 表能力，意為“能、會”。例：Can you play basketball? 你會打籃球么？2. 表懷疑、猜測，常用于否定句和疑問句中。例：He cant be in the room. 他不可能在房間里。3. 表請求或允許，多用于口語中，意為“可以”，相當于may.例：You can(may) go now. 你現在可以走了。4. could是 can的過去式，可以表示過去的能力。例：I can swim when I was sev

42、en years old.我七歲時就會游泳。Could I go to the movie this weekend, Dad?- Yes, you _. But you have to come back before nine.A. shall B. must C. need D. can【答案】D2、may的用法1. 表推測，意為“可能，也許”，用于肯定句中。He may come tomorrow. 他明天可能會來。2.表請求、許可，意為“可以”。例：May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的書么？注意：may表請求，用于主語為第一人稱的一般疑問句時，其否定回答用m

43、ustnt或cant, 不用may not, 意為“不可以，不允許，禁止”。例：-May I go now? 我現在可以走了么？-No, you mustnt. 不，不可以。3. can 和may均可用來表示征求意見或允許，意為“可以”，一般可互換使用。may 的基本用法就是表示請求時的“可以”和猜測時的“可能”，但要再次強調may 表示猜測時是可以用在肯定句、否定句中的。另外，may引起的一般疑問句，其回答需要注意：肯定回答可以使用may或者can都可以，但否定回答則不能用may not, 只能用cant 或者mustnt.- _ I take the newspaper away?-No,

44、 you mustnt. You _ read it only here.A. Must, can B. May, can C. Need, must D. Must, must 【答案】B【趁熱打鐵】1. The man in the office _ be Mr. Black, because he went home just now.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt2. John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. mus

45、t3 May I take this book out? No, you_. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent4. He_ be in the classroom, I think. No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt5. _ I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. DoCAACAhttp:/ww w.x

46、kb 1.com六、動詞不定式的用法初二上學期所學的動詞不定式主要做賓語和目的狀語1、動詞不定式作賓語一些動詞，如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等，常接動詞不定式作賓語。當動詞不定式作賓語時，如果后接賓語補足語，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語之后。應注意有些動詞后面可接不定式作賓語，也可接動名詞作賓語，但所表達的意義不同。常見的有：（1）stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事（2）go on

47、 to do sth. 做完一件事后，繼續做另一件事；go on doing sth.繼續做同一件事（3）remember/forget to do sth.記住忘記去做某事；remember/forget doing sth. 記得忘記做過某事有一些動詞后面后面是省略to的情況，如see, watch, look at, hear, make, let, help等。常考詞組：expect to do 期望做。 refuse to do 拒絕做。 plan to do計劃做。 decide to do 決定做。agree to do 同意做。 learn to do 學會做。 hope to

48、 do 希望做。 prepare to do 準備做。 want to do 想做。 choose to do 選擇做。 wait to do 等待做。wish to do 希望做。2、動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞，表示目的，結果或原因。為了強調目的，有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order或so as。常用結構有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。【趁熱打鐵】1. It took half an hour _(get) to the World Park from Kittys school.2. It was interest

49、ing _(see) so many places of interest from all over the world.3. They want _(save) time by using shorter words and phrases. 4. Kittys classmate Daniel taught himself how _(make) a home page.5. He put his photos on it for everyone _(look) at.6. Help him _(put) the photos in the correct order.7. He ma

50、de the girl _(cry) yesterday.8. Its time for class. Please stop _(talk). http:/ww w.xkb 1.com9. Id like _(go) to the Temple of Heaven.Keys: 1. to get2. to see3. to save 4. to make 5. to look6. (to)put 7. cry 8. talking9. to go七、句子結構簡單句的五個基本句型主語 不及物動詞 She came/ My head aches. 主語 及物動詞 賓語 She likes English.主語 系動詞 主語補語 She is happy主語 雙賓動詞 間接賓語 直接賓語 She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主語 賓補動詞 賓語 賓語補語She makes her mother angr