Lesson13work,exceeding,extraordinaryorexceptionalexceedingly:extremely極其。irksomeirk:toannoy,esp.inaprovokingortediousway令人討厭。如:Itirksmetodosuchtediouswork.做這樣無聊的工作讓我相一致感到厭煩,irksome,tendingtoirk令人厭倦的，厭煩的。some.加在名詞、動詞或形容詞上構成形容詞。另如:lonesome孤獨的，冷落的;quarrelsome愛吵架的;troublesome麻煩的;wearisome使人疲勞的，令人厭煩的。,excess,morethanorabovewhatisnecessary超過部分，過多。如:Youshouldpayfortheexcess.Excessofsorrowlaughs,excessofjoyweeps.悲極而笑，喜極而泣。anexcessofanger/anexcessofenthasiasm極其憤怒/熱情。carrysomethingtoexcess把事情做得過火。inexcessof超過。如:Hespentinexcessofhisincome.,provided(that):,conj.ifandonlyif;onconditionthat.如果，只要。如:Provided(that)thereisnoopposition,weshallproceedtocarryouttheplan.如果沒有反對，我們就開始執行計劃。Providedyoupayhimhewilltakethework.,merereliefoftedium,relief:feelingofcomfortattheendingofanxiety,fearorpain放松。如:Whatarelief!心里多么放松啊！reliefofpain/anxiety緩解痛楚/緊張。,ataloss:,bewilderedoruncertain不知所措。如:ForamomentIwasataloss.有一陣子我不知所措。Hewasatalossforanexplanationoftheaffair.Weareatalosstounderstandhismotive.我們對于他的動機一點也不能理解。,exerise,Makeuseof應用，運用Imexerisingmyrighttoaskforthereceipt.我在行使索要發票的權利。ChinaresumedexerisingitssovereigntyoverHongKonginLuly,1997.中國于1997年7月恢復對香港行使主權。,drudgery:,苦工drudge:apersonwhodoesmenial,dullorhardwork.勤苦地做單調乏味的苦工的人。sensation(s):widespreadexcitementorinterest.轟動激動。,firstandforemost:首先，最主要的。如:Thoughhehaswrittenmanybooks,hesfirstandforemostapoet.盡管他寫過幾本書，他首先是個詩人。Firstandforemost,wemusthavefreedom.,Desirable,desirous,Desirable:tobedesired,worthhaving,satisfactory想要的，值得有的，不錯的Thereareseveraldesirablehousesinthisstreet.這條街有幾棟不錯的房子。Desirous:feelingdesire向往的，渴望的HeisdesirousofobtainingapositionintheCivilService.他非常想在政府機關謀取一個職位。,impair:tomakeworse;damage損害如:Hisreputationwasimpairedbyhismistakes.他的聲譽受到他的錯誤的損害。Hisexcessiveworkimpairedhishealth.他過度的工作損害了他的健康。,atlarge(放在名詞后面):asawhole整個的，一般的。如:Boysatlargelikesports.男孩一般喜愛運動。thepublicatlarge社會大眾。Theescapedprisonerisstillatlarge.越獄犯依然在逃。,inthelongrun:intheend.從長遠來說，最后。如:inthelongrun,youhavetopaythepriceforyourfollies.你最終要為你的愚蠢付出代價。Youwillbenefitinthelongrun.你最終會受益。,procure:obtainsth.bycarefulattentionoreffort獲得。如:Heprocuredmeemployment.他為我謀得一份工作。,Kill,spend,Killtime:findwaysofpassingthetimewithoutbeingbored消遣，消磨時光Thetrainwasverylate,sowekilledbyplayingcards.火車太慢，所以我們打牌消磨時間。Spendtime:度過HespendaweekendinLondon.他在倫敦度過周末。,outlet,Meansofreleasing;wayout發泄的途徑；出路，出口Childrenneedanoutletfortheirenergy.兒童的精力需要發泄出來。Switzerlandhasnooutlettothesea.瑞士沒有入海口。,Derivesthfromsth,Obtainsthfromsth;tracesthfrom得到；追根求源Notallstudentscanderivepleasurefromtheirstudies.不是所有學生都能從學習中獲得樂趣。ManyEnglishwordsderivefromLatin.許多英語單詞來源于拉丁語。,outwit,Winordefeatbybeingclevererormorecunningthansb以智勝過Twoprisonersoutwittedtheirguardsandgotaway.有兩個囚犯設計欺騙了警衛逃走。Thestoreoutwittedtherobbersbyputtingphonyjewelsinthedisplaycase.商店把假珠寶放在陳列盒里騙過了盜賊。,Varied,variable,Varied:ofdifferentsorts各種各樣的Hehadhadavariedtraining,andhadheldmanyoffices.他受過各種訓練，擔任過許多工作。Variable:varying,changeable變化的，可變的Theweatherisextremelyvariablehere.這里的天氣變化無常。,maximum:,(being)thehighestamount,value,ordegreethatcanbereached最大限度。如:Hesmokesamaximumof30cigarettesaday.Mysalaryisnotatitsmaximumyet.我的工資還未到最高水平。Itrequiresyourmaximumeffort.,maximize:最大化。如:maximizeonespotential/profits最大限度發揮潛力/獲得利益。反義詞:minimum最少。如：Itrequiresaminimumoffivedayswork.aminimumoftemperature/wage/height最低氣溫/工資/身高。minimizetheconsequences/therisks./theformalities將后果/風險/手續減到最少。,Callforsth,Require,demandorneedsth.要求，需要Thesituationtherecallsforimmediateaction.那里的形勢需要立即采取行動。ThemodernsocietycallsforthosewhoknowsEnglishandcomputerverywell.現代社會要求人們熟練掌握英語和計算機。,atanyrate:inanyevent;inanycase不管怎樣。如：Iwillleavehimaloneatanyrate.apt:likely,havingatendency常會，容易（有某種傾向）。如：Acarelesspersonisapttomakemistakes.,Atonesbest,Inthebestcondition處于最佳狀態Hewasnotathisbestonthelastgame.他上次比賽狀態不佳。Hewasathisbestinthedebateyesterdayandgotapllausefromtimetotime.他在昨天的辯論中表現出最佳狀態,Apttodo易于做，趨于,Heisapttogetangry.他動不動就生氣。Thenaughtyboyisapttomaketroubleinclass.那個淘氣的男孩愛上課搗亂。,Beabout,beapt,Beaboutto:bejustgoingtodo即將，正要Hemetherinthedoorwayjustasshewasabouttogoaway.她正要離開，他在門口碰到她。Beaptto:likelytodo易于Heiscleverboybutapttogetintomischief.他是個聰明的孩子，但是好搗亂。,Actual,literal,Actual:existinginfact,real實在的，真實的Canyougivemetheactualfigures.你能給我確切的數字嗎？Lieral:takingwordsintheirusualandobvioussense按照字義的Theliteralmeaningoftheword“cat”isananimalnotagirl.“cat”的本義是動物而不是女孩。,demolish,V.Destoryorteardown摧毀，拆除Theoldbuildingwasdemolishandanewonewillbeputup.舊樓被拆除，新樓即將建立。Demolition.N.theactionofdemolishing破壞，毀壞Thereweresomedemolitionsofpublicpropertyintheschool.學校的公共財產遭到破壞。,Pretense,N.Falseappearance虛偽，偽裝Hemadeapretenseofbeinghappyattheparty.晚會上他假裝很高興。Pretend:v.Giveanappearancethatisnottrue.偽裝Shepretend