U 2 Listening 1A Student PresentationTeacher: OK, class, lets get started with the first presentation. Sompel has prepared a short presentation about his home country of Bhutan. Go ahead, Sompel.Sompel: Thanks. Um, hi, everybody! You know that my name is Sompel, but you may not know that Im from Bhutan. Bhutan is a small country high in the Himalaya Mountainsbetween Indiaand China. In our language, Bhutan is known as Druk Yul, which in English is land, land of the thunder dragon. The dragon is even displayed on our flag. For many years, my country was isolated from the world, partly due to its geography its surrounded by high mountainsbut also because of government policies.Our government had always been a, an absolute monarchy, I mean, government headed by a king with unlimited power. Anyway, until very recently, Bhutan had no electricity, no cars or trucks, no telephones, and no postal service. You may be surprised to learn that in Bhutan people have only had television since 1999. It was the last country on Earth to get it. You may be wondering: Why did Bhutan reject the modern world for so long? Well, the government was trying to protect the people from negative influences such as high crime rates, youth violence, and pollution. But the king has admitted that the policy of isolation had many negative consequences. For example, the education system definitely fell behind. Some people never learned to read and write. Then, one of our kings began opening up Bhutan to the outside world, and our current king has continued the process. There are new roads, schools, and health clinics. The king doesnt want to open up the country all at once to the outside world and risk ruining it. He wants our countrys development to be guided by, now let me think, oh, yes, Gross National Happiness.Teacher: Sompel, sorry to interrupt, before you continue, could you define Gross National Happiness for the class, please?Sompel: Um, sure. How should I put it? Well, youve probably heard of Gross National Product, which is a phrase that refers to the dollar value of all the goods and services produced by a country over a period of time. Its one way of measuring a countrys success. But Gross National Happiness is different. Actually, one of our kings invented the phrase Gross National Happiness. Its the approach the country takes to the domestic development of Bhutanto help make sure that the people are always happy with their lives and with the country. There are four parts, um, four “pillars”, to this approach: good government, sustainable development, environmental protection, and cultural preservation. So, for good government, the king puts the needs of the country first. In fact, even though the people love him, he gave away most of his power to the people in 2006. Thats when the country transitioned to democracy. The king still has an important role, but he no longer has absolute power. Real power belongs to the people and the officials that we elect. Sustainable development means that we help our country grow without damaging the environment. And the pillar of environmental protection is closely related to sustainable development, too. Agriculture is veryimportant in Bhutan, and we are trying to find new ways to farm without hurting the environment. Also, the government wants to keep 68 percent of the land covered in forests. Cultural preservation the last pillaris a challenge though. Half of Bhutans population is in their twenties or younger, and the government anticipates that some young people will get involved with gangs, crime, or drugs, for example. The government has banned television channels that they think are harmful. Even so, youth gangs are growing. Theft, which was not very common before, is also rising. On the other hand, there is a positive side to all of the changes.In a mountainous country such as Bhutan, communication technologiesfor instance, mobile phones and the Internet allow people to communicate more easily than ever before. And it seems that the arts are really moving ahead. Twenty years ago Bhutan had never produced a movie, but these days we produce over 20 a year. And some movies have even displayed the difficulties that Bhutan has had with the challenges of the modern world. These types of movies are important. They can help us explore the contradictions that have come with our changing culture.Teacher: Sompel, how do you view Bhutans future?Sompel: Well Im hopeful about Bhutans future, and Im glad that the approach of Gross National Happiness is helping to make sure that we dont lose our beautiful environment and the best parts ofour ancient culture.Sompel: Um, sure. How should I put it? Well, youve probably heard of Gross National Product, which is a phrase that refers to the dollar value of all the goods and services produced by a country over a period of time. Its one way of measuring a countrys success. But Gross National Happiness is different. Actually, one of our kings invented the phrase Gross National Happiness. Its the approachthe country takes to the domestic development of Bhutanto help make sure that the people are always happy with their lives and with the country.There are four parts, um, four “pillars”, to this approach: good government, sustainable development, environmental protection, and cultural preservation. So, for good government, the king puts the needs of the country first. In fact, even though the people love him, he gave away most of his power to the people in 2006. Thats when the country transitioned to democracy. The king still has an important role, but he no longer has absolute power. Real power belongs to thepeople and the officials that we elect. Sustainable development means that we help our country grow without damaging the environment. And the pillar of environmental protection is closely related to sustainable development, too.Agriculture is very important in Bhutan, and we are trying to find new ways to farm without hurting the environment. Also, the government wants to keep 68 percent of the land covered in forests. Cultural preservation the last pillaris a challenge though. Half of Bhutans population is in their twenties or younger, and the government anticipates that some young people will get involved with gangs, crime, or drugs, for example. The government has banned television channels that they think are harmful. Even so, youth gangs are growing. Theft, which was not very common before, is also rising.On the other hand, there is a positive side to all of the changes. In a mountainous country such as Bhutan, communication technologiesfor instance, mobile phones and the Internetallow people to communicate more easily than ever before. And it seems that the arts are really moving ahead. Twenty years ago Bhutan had never produced a movie, but these days we produce over 20 a year. And some movies have even displayed the difficulties that Bhutan has had with the challenges of the modern world. These types of movies are important. They can help us explore the contradictions that have come with our changing culture.一個學生演講老師:好,課上,讓我們開始第一個演示。Sompel準備了一個簡短的演講對他的祖國不丹。來吧,Sompel。Sompel:謝謝。嗯,嗨,大家好!你知道我的名字是Sompel,但你可能不知道我來自不丹。不丹是一個小國家,在印度喜馬拉雅山間和中國。在我們的語言中,不丹被稱為Druk尤爾,而英語是土地,土地的雷聲龍。龍是顯示在我們的旗幟。多年來,我的國家是世界隔絕,部分是由于其地理位置這是高山脈的遐想之中但仍包圍也因為政府的政策。我們的政府一直是,絕對君主制,我的意思是,政府以國王為首的無限權力。不管怎么說,直到最近,不丹沒有電力,沒有汽車或卡車,沒有電話,沒有郵政服務。你可能會驚奇地發現,自1999年以來,不丹人只有電視。它是地球上最后一個國家。您可能想知道:為什么不丹拒絕現代世界如此之久?政府是在保護人們從高犯罪率等負面影響,青少年暴力和污染。但國王已經承認的孤立政策有很多的負面影響。例如,教育體系落后。有些人從來沒有學會讀和寫。然后,我們的一個國王開始向外界開放不丹,和我們目前的國王繼續流程。有新的道路、學校和診所。國王不想開放國家一次性向外界和風險破壞它。他希望我們的國家的發展指導下,讓我想想,哦,是的,國民幸福總值。老師:Sompel,對不起打斷,繼續之前,你可以定義類,國民幸福總值嗎?Sompel:嗯,當然。我應該怎么說呢?好吧,你可能聽說過的國民生產總值,這是一個短語,指的是價值的一個國家生產的商品和服務經過一段時間。它是衡量一個國家的成功的一種方式。但國民幸福總值有所不同。實際上,我們的一個國王發明了短語國民幸福總值。這是不丹的國家需要國內發展幫助確保人們總是快樂與他們的生活和這個國家。有四個部分,嗯,四個“支柱”,這種方法:好的政府,可持續發展,環境保護和文化保護。所以,好的政府,國王把國家的需要。事實上,盡管愛他的人,他把他的大部分權力在2006年的人。當民主國家轉變。國王仍有一個重要的角色,但他不再有絕對的權力。真正的權力屬于人民,我們選出的官員。可持續發展意味著我們幫助我們的國家發展而破壞環境。支柱的環境保護與可持續發展密切相關。農業是非常重要的在不丹,我們正試圖找到新的方法來農場不傷害環境。同時,政府希望保持68%的土地被森林覆蓋。文化保護-最后一個支柱是一個挑戰。不丹人口的一半是在二十幾歲或更年輕,和政府預計,一些年輕人將參與團伙,犯罪,例如,或藥物。政府已經禁止電視頻道,他們認為是有害的。即便如此,青年團伙正在增長。盜竊,這不是很常見,也在不斷上升。另一方面,有一個積極的一面的所有更改。在一個多山的國家,如不丹、通信技術實例,手機和互聯網,允許人們比以往任何時候都更容易溝通。和藝術似乎真的前進。二十年前不丹從未制作一部電影,但是這些天我們每年生產超過20。甚至一些電影顯示不丹的困難與現代世界的挑戰。這些類型的電影是很重要的。他們可以幫助我們探索的矛盾有改變文化。老師:你怎么看待不丹,Sompel的未來?不丹Sompel:我希望的未來,我很高興,國民幸福總值的方法是幫助確保我們不失去我們美麗的環境和最好的部分我們的古代文化。Sompel:嗯,當然。我應該怎么說呢?好吧,你可能聽說過的國民生產總值,這是一個短語,指的是價值的一個國家生產的商品和服務在一段時間內。它是衡量一個國家的成功的一種方式。但國民幸福總值有所不同。實際上,我們的一個國王發明了短語國民幸福總值。它的方法不丹的國家需要國內發展幫助確保人們總是與他們的生活和快樂。有四個部分,嗯,四個“支柱”,這種方法:好的政府,可持續發展,環境保護和文化保護。所以,好的政府,國王把國家的需要。事實上,盡管愛他的人,他把他的大部分權力在2006年的人。當民主國家轉變。國王仍有一個重要的角色,但他不再有絕對的權力。真正的權力屬于人,我們選出的官員。可持續發展意味著我們幫助我們的國家發展而破壞環境。支柱的環境保護與可持續發展密切相關。在不丹,農業是非常重要的,我們正在努力尋找新的方法來農場不傷害環境。同時,政府希望保持68%的土地被森林覆蓋。文化保護-最后一個支柱是一個挑戰。不丹人口的一半是在二十幾歲或更年輕,和政府預計,一些年輕人將參與團伙,犯罪,例如,或藥物。政府已經禁止電視頻道,他們認為是有害的。即便如此,青年團伙正在增長。盜竊,這不是很常見,也在不斷上升。另一方面,有一個積極的一面的所有更改。在一個多山的國家,如不丹、通信技術實例,手機和Internet-allow人們比以往任何時候都更容易溝通。和藝術似乎真的前進。二十年前不丹從未制作一部電影,但是這些天我們每年生產超過20。甚至一些電影顯示不丹的困難與現代世界的挑戰。這些類型的電影是很重要的。他們可以幫助我們探索的矛盾有改變文化。1.Why did Bhutan reject the modern world? b. Because the government wanted to avoid negative influences.2. What government change is happening in Bhutan?a. Bhutan is moving toward democracy.3. Why does Sompel say that cultural preservation is a challenge for Bhutan?a. Because half of its population is under the age of 30.4. What is Sompels attitude about Bhutans future?c. He is hopeful.1。為什么不丹拒絕現代世界?b。因為政府希望避免消極的影響。2。在不丹政府變化正在發生什么?不丹是邁向民主。3所示。為什么Sompel說不丹文化保護是一個挑戰嗎?。4所示。Sompel對不丹的未來的態度是什么?c。他是充滿希望的。因為一半的人口在30歲以下的。Listening 2A Study Group DiscussionJose: So, are you all ready to review for the test?Matt: Yes.Amina: Sure.Jose: What should we review first?Amina: I think we should start with the chapter on Native Americans. There is a lot of information in that chapter.Lauren: Oh, definitely. Jose: OK. So what do you think were the most important facts from that chapter?Matt: Well, I found the whole chapter interesting. You know, when I was growing up, we didnt learn much about Native Americans in school.Amina: Me, neither. I had no idea that there are more than 300 Native American reservations in the United States, did you?Jose: No, I definitely didnt. And I wasnt aware that the reservations only make up two percent of the total land area of the United States. I thought it was a lot more.Matt: Really?Lauren: Well, just think, thats only a small portion of the land they used to have.Jose: Yes. And it seems that the land is very important to them. Its a big part of their culture and traditions.Amina: Right. Native Americans believe in living in harmony with the land, the plants, and the animals. They have a lot of knowledge about these things.Jose: I think the chapter said that nature was part of their traditions and their religion, too.Matt: Uh-huh. And then the federal government took away their land.Amina: And they were forced to adopt American traditions and language. It must have been very hard for them.Matt: What did Professor Hawkins say about the reservation lands? That most of them are west of the Mississippi River?Lauren: Yeah, and he highlighted the fact that the land in a lot of reservations is really dry and not suitable for agriculture. For a long time, the people who lived there lived in bad economic conditions.Jose: I didnt realize that. So, when did things begin to get better?Amina: I think Professor Hawkins said it was around 1970 when the federal governmentor the Supreme Court, maybegranted Native Americans the right to run various businesses on their reservations.Matt: Right, and the money from their businesses has enabled them to improve their lands and undertake other big projects. The chapter mentioned a good examplethe InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness area.Amina: Wheres that place again?Lauren: Um, its on the coast north of San Francisco, California.Matt: Exactly. It was founded in 1997 by a group of Native Americans who want the land to be as wild as possible. Theres very limited access to the area. There arent even any roads goingthrough it.Amina: I wonder why.Matt: Well, they want to save the land for traditional cultural uses. Our book said that from the perspective of the people who live there, the coast and the redwood forests are sacred. Thats where they gather food and medicine and hold their religious ceremonies.Lauren: Theres another example I know about. A Native American group down in Floridaum, the Seminole peopleare using their money to restore part of the Big Cypress Swamp, a place thats sacred to their people. Theyre bringing back animals that used to live there, and theyre removing plants that werent there at the time of their ancestors.Jose: Thats neat! Its great that theyre trying to protect and regain some of their old traditions.Amina: Yes, thats an awesome objective. I hope theyre successful. Matt: Me, too. That seems like a good review of this chapter, right?Lauren: Yes, that covers everything. Lets move on to the next topic.一個研究小組討論何塞:那么,你們準備做考試前的復習嗎?馬特:是的。阿米娜:當然。何塞:我們應該先復習嗎?阿米娜:我認為我們應該從這一章開始印第安人。在這一章有很多信息。Lauren:哦,當然。何塞:好的。所以你認為是最重要的事實從這一章?馬特:嗯,我發現整個章有趣。你知道,在我成長的過程中,我們在學校沒有學到很多關于印第安人。阿米娜:我,沒有。我不知道有超過300印第安人保留在美國,是嗎?荷西:不,我絕對沒有。我不知道預訂只占美國總土地面積的百分之二。我認為這是一個很多。麥特:真的嗎?勞倫:嗯,只是覺得,這只是一小部分他們曾經擁有的土地。何塞:是的。,似乎是非常重要的。這是一個很大的文化和傳統的一部分。阿米娜:沒錯。印第安人相信生活在和諧與土地、植物、動物。他們對這些事情有很多知識。何塞:我認為這一章說,自然是他們的傳統和宗教信仰的一部分,。馬特:嗯。然后是聯邦政府拿走了他們的土地。阿米娜,他們被迫采用美國傳統和語言。它一定是非常困難的。馬特:保留區霍金斯教授說什么了呢?,他們中的大多數是密西西比河以西的嗎?勞倫:是的,他強調,土地在很多預訂很干,不適合農業。很長一段時間,住在那里的人生活在糟糕的經濟條件。何塞:我不知道。所以,當情況好轉了嗎?阿米娜:我認為霍金斯教授說,這是在1970年,聯邦政府或最高法院,maybe-granted原住民權利運行各種企業保留。馬特:對的,從他們的業務使他們提高他們的土地和其他大型項目。本章提到的部族間的看不慣一個好的Sinkyone荒野地區。阿米娜:那地方在哪兒嗎?勞倫:嗯,它在北部海岸的舊金山,加利福尼亞。馬特:沒錯。它成立于1997年,由一群土著美國人想要土地盡可能野生。有非常有限的訪問該地區。甚至沒有任何道路通過它。阿米娜:我想知道為什么。馬特:嗯,他們想保存傳統文化的土地用途。我們的書說,住在那里的人的角度來看,海岸和紅杉森林是神圣的。這是他們收集食物和藥品和舉行宗教儀式。勞倫:我知道另一個例子。一群印第安人Florida-um,塞米諾爾)使用他們的錢來恢復大柏樹沼澤的一部分,一個神圣的地方他們的人。他們帶回動物住在那里,他們把植物沒有的時候他們的祖先。何塞:太棒了!很好,他們試圖保護和恢復一些他們古老的傳統。阿米娜:是的,這是一個很棒的目標。我希望他們成功。馬特:我也是。這似乎是一個不錯的回顧本章,對吧?勞倫:是的,覆蓋一切。讓我們繼續下一個話題。1.What is the main topic of the discussion?b. How Native Americans are restoring their lands to their original condition.2. Originally, what was the attitude of the United States government toward Native American culture and traditions?a. The government wanted to change them.3. According to the discussion, what is an important source of revenue for the Native Americans?c. Revenue from businesses on their reservations.1。討論的主要話題是什么?b。印第安人如何恢復土地原狀。2。最初,美國政府的態度對美國本土文化和傳統嗎?政府想要改變他們。3所示。根據討論,什么是印第安人的一個重要的收入來源?c。預訂收入的企業。Background 300 Native American reservations in the U.S.U.S. forced them to adopt American traditions and languageMost reservations located west of Miss. RiverLand not suitable for agriculture1970: U.S. granted right to run various businessesUsed money to improve lands and undertake other projectsInterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness AreaFounded on the coast, north of San FranciscoAccess very limitedGather food, have religious ceremonies hereBig Cypress SwampOwned by the Seminole group in FloridaBringing back animals that used to live thereRemoving plants that werent there originally背景 300年美國印第安人保留地美國迫使他們采取美國傳統和語言大多數保留位于小姐河以西土地不適合農業1970年:美國授予權利運行各種業務用金錢提高土地和從事其他項目種族間的Sinkyone荒野保護區建立在海岸,舊金山北部訪問非常有限收集食物,這里有宗教儀式大柏樹沼澤塞米諾爾集團旗下在佛羅里達州帶回動物,曾經在那里住過刪除沒有最初的植物Listening 2-1Long ago, people lived as hunters and gatherers. Over time people learned how to grow plants and raise domestic animals. Once this happened, there was a transition to agriculture in many societies. However, even today there are groups who reject farming and continue to hunt animals and gather their own food. The Hadza people are a group of hunter-gatherers who live in an isolated part of northern Tanzania. They have lived in the Great Rift Valley for a period of 10,000 years. The Hadza communicate in their own special language, called Hadzane.The Hadza are not part of the modern economic system of Tanzania. When they are hungry, they can hunt or gather what they need for free. Hadza men can make a little money by displaying their hunting skills for tourists. It is an interesting contradiction that although the Hadza have very little, they share a lot. In fact, they share everything they have with others.In the Great Rift Valley, modern farming has spread in recent years, and this development has had serious consequences for the Hadza. Their homeland is now only 25 percent of the size it was in the 1950s. Hunting is now more difficult for them, as there are fewer animals than before. The Hadza people anticipate that their way of life will disappear in the near future.很久以前,人們的生活作為狩獵者和采集者。隨著時間的推移,人們學會了如何種植植物和飼養家畜。一旦發生這種情況,有一個過渡到農業在許多社會中。然而,即使在今天有組織拒絕農業和繼續獵殺動物,收集自己的食物。哈人是一群獵人-采集者居住在一個孤立的坦桑尼亞北部的一部分。他們生活在東非大裂谷的10000年。哈德在自己特殊的交流語言,稱為Hadzane。哈不是坦桑尼亞的現代經濟體系的一部分。當他們餓了,他們可以免費狩獵或收集他們所需要的。哈男人可以一點錢為游客展示他們的狩獵技巧。這是一個有趣的矛盾,盡管哈很少,他們分享了很多。事實上,他們什么都分享。在東非大裂谷,近年來現代農業已經擴散,這哈發展有嚴重的后果。祖國現在只有25%的大小是在1950年代。狩獵是現在更加困難,比以前有更少的動物。哈人預計,在不久的將來,他們的生活方式將會消失。1.What is the Hadza peoples attitude toward modern farming?b. They reject it.2. What do the Hadza people do for a living now?a. They hunt or gather their own food.3.Which word best describes the effect of modern farming on the Hadza way of life?a. Threatening.4. What is the Hadza peoples attitude toward their way of life in the near future?c. They are pessimistic.1。哈德人對現代農業的態度是什么?b。他們拒絕它。2。哈人民做什么為生呢?他們打獵或收集自己的食物。3所示。哪個單詞最好的描述了現代農業的影響在哈德的生活方式嗎?一個威脅。4所示。什么是哈人民對他們的生活方式的態度在不久的將來?c。他們是悲觀的