復習主謂一致 在談論主謂一致之前，我們首先要明確英語句子主語的三種人稱概念：I,We,You三個單詞分別為一、二人稱單復數，除此之外的所有主語為三人稱。 換句話說，一個to do ,一個-ing甚至一個句子作主語都是三人稱單數,謂語動詞加-s。is和has本身帶有-s，不再加-s；超過一個就當三人稱復數，謂語動詞不加-s。 當然，-ed和adj.不能作主語。如果此種含義的-ed和adj.形式的詞要作主語怎么辦？很簡單，第一，Being +-ed或Being +adj即可，這種形式的主語被看成三人稱單數，謂語動詞加-s； 第二，The +-ed或The + adj.也可，但一般說來這種形式的主語被看成三人稱復數，謂語動詞不加-s。 下面結合高考考點具體談一談主謂一致。（本文下面所談到主語為單復數形式均指三人稱。）一、高考考點： 1.語法形式上的一致 主語為單數形式,謂語動詞用單數形式；主語為復數形式,謂語動詞也用復數形式。The number of students in our school is 1,700. Mary and Kelly look alike.2.意義上一致（1）主語形式雖為單數,但意義為復數,謂語動詞用復數。The crowd were running for their lives.單數形式代表復數內容的詞有people,police,cattle等。（2）主語形式為復數,而意義上卻是單數,謂語動詞用單數。The news is very exciting.形復意單的單詞有news,maths和以-ics結尾的學科名稱physics,politics,economics等。3.就近原則。即謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如果連詞or, either or, neither nor,not only but also等連接的并列主語:如果一個是單數,一個是復數,謂語動詞 與靠近它的主語一致。4.應注意的若干問題（1）名詞作主語。某些集體名詞如family,team等作主語時:果作為一個整體看待,謂語用單數,反之用復數。My family is going out for a trip. The whole family are watching TV. 這類詞常有：audience,classclub,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group, party,public,team等。 Population和“a group(crowd)of + 復數名詞”也適用于這種情況,強調整體用單數,強調各個 部分用復數。某些集體名詞如people,police,cattle,oxen只當復數看待,謂語動詞必須用復數。單,復數同形的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞應根據意義決定單復數。 A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略,這種情況一般只指商店,工場,住宅等；作主語時,動詞一般用 單數。My uncles is not for from here.常見的省略名詞有the bakers ,the barbars,the Zhangs等。表示店鋪的名詞一般作集體名詞看待,但用作主語時,謂語動詞往往用復數：Richardsons have a lot of old goods to sell.當名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量,距離,金額,時間,書名等復數名詞時,往往可以根據意義一致的原則,把這些復數名詞看作一個整體,謂語用單數。Thirty years has passed. Five minutes is enough to finish the task.不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時,謂語動詞仍用單數形式：Each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary.如果主語有more than one 或many a 構成,盡管從意義上看是復數內容,但它的謂語動詞用單數形式。More than one student has seen the play. Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.但是,“more + 復數名詞 + than one”結構之后,謂語用復數。一些由兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時,謂語通常用復數形式。如glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主語用a kind of,a pair of,a series of等加名詞構成時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk.this kind of book = a book of this kind(這種書),其謂語動詞；短語this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men(口語)（這一類人）,但this kind of men的謂語用單數,men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語用復數,all kinds of后跟復數名詞,謂語用復數形式：This kind of men is dangerous. Men of theis kind/sort are dangerous.復數形式的單,復數同形名詞作主語時,按意義一致的原則,用作單數意義時,謂語用單數,反之,謂語用復數。這類名詞有means,works,species(種類),Chinese,Japanese等。當它們的前面有 a,such a,this,that修飾時,謂語用單數；有all,such,these,those修飾時,謂語用復數。如果名詞詞組中心詞是all,most,half,rest等詞語,所指是復數意義,謂語動詞用復數形式,反之用單數。All of my students work hard. All of the oil is gone.在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致：Between the two windows hangs an oil painting.（2）由連接詞連接的名詞作主語。用and或both and 連接并列主語,謂語動詞通常用復數形式。但如果并列主語指的是同一個人,同一事物或同一概念時,謂語動詞用單數形式,這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。Truth and honesty is the best policy. To love and to be loved is the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. A knife and fork is on the table.當主語后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導的詞組時,采取“就遠原則”。以or,either or, neither nor,not only but also等連接的詞作主語時,“就近原則”。Either you or I am mad. Either you or he has lunch at school.Are either you or I mad ? Do either you or he have lunch at school? （3）代詞作主語。名詞型物主代詞連接的動詞,既可以用單數,也可以用復數,這取決于它所代替的是單數還是復數。Ours (Our Party) is a great Party. Your shoes are white, mine (= my shoes) are black.such,the same起指示代詞作用時,應根據其所指的內容來決定單,復數。Such is our plan. Such are his last words.關系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一 致。疑問詞who,what,which作主語時,謂語動詞可根據說話人所要表達的意思決定單,復數。Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu. Who lives next door? It is Wang and Li.不定代詞any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主語時,要注意下列情況：I.單獨作主語時,視其在文中的意義,動詞可用單數或復數形式。 Now all has been changed. All are present.II.其后接of時,若of的賓語為不可數名詞,動詞用單數形式；若of的賓語為復數名詞或代 詞時,動詞可以是單數,也可以是復數；在正式文體中,單數形式的動詞更常用。 Do (es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has(have) seen the film.（4）分數,量詞作主語。“分數或百分數 +名詞”構成的短語以及由“plenty of, a large quantity of（諧音為“不難框”，既能把可數名詞也能把不可數名詞放入框內，并且plenty of諧音為“不能”，其前不能有“a”。） a lot of, lots of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數保持一致,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語：Lots of damage was caused by flood. A number of students have gone to the countryside.A large quantity of people is needed here. Quantities of food (nuts) were still on the table.a great deal of,a large amount of修飾不可數名詞,(諧音為夢敵哪敢數)其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數； 另外，把“plenty of, a large quantity of”和“a great deal of,a large amount of ”兩組短語中較長的那個短語抽出來變為Large quantities of +不可數名詞/可數名詞復數 和Large amounts of+不可數名詞，作主語時,謂語動詞用復數。 要特別注意，amount 有數量的意思，但其后只跟不可數名詞。 表數量的one and a half后,名詞用復數形式,但是其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.half of,(a)part of修飾可數名詞單數及不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數,修飾可數名詞復數時,謂語動詞用復數。(5)名詞化的形容詞作主語。如果主語由“the + 形容詞（或分詞）”結構擔任時,謂語通常用復數。這類詞有the rich,the poor,the brave,the injured,the living,the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用單數:the unknown,the beautiful等。（6）從句作主語。由what引導的主語從句,謂語動詞通常用單數,但所指的具體內容是復數意義時,謂語動詞一 般用復數形式。What we need is more money. What we need are more people/teachers.在“one of + 復數名詞 + who/that/which”引導的從句結構中,關系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復數名詞而不是one,因此從句中的謂語動詞也應該是復數形式。如果one換為the one/the only one/the very one/just the one先行詞就指the one/the only one/the very one/just the one從句中的謂語動詞則用單數形式。This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told by my father.She was the only one of the girls who was late for class today.（7）不定式,名動詞（短語）作主語用單數形式；There be句型中be的單復數取決于be后的第一個詞的數。 There is a book, two pens on the desk. There are two