.附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文基于FPGA的停車場管理系統的設計與實現摘要由于汽車數量在快速的增加。它造成污染 （噪聲和空氣） 交通擠塞的問題。為了克服這個問題。提出了基于 FPGA 的停車系統。在本文，停車場系統實現了利用有限狀態機模型。該系統具有兩個主要模塊即識別模塊和檢查模塊的插槽，識別模塊標識位訪客，插槽檢查模塊檢查有關插槽的狀態，這些模塊是在高密度脂蛋白中建模，在 FPGA 上實現。結合傳感器接口、 步進電機、 液晶屏的各種接口設計了一個原型的停車系統。關鍵詞 有限狀態機；停車場系統；容量-51.介紹車輛交通擁堵是一個世界性的問題。近年來，已經全力在實現一種方法來減少擁堵、 事故和災害等停車問題。圖1：城市交通擁堵趨勢如中所示圖 1 擁塞顯然逐年增加，它顯示了一些問題。圖中表明擁塞需要花更長的時間才能到從工作中尖峰時刻。停車場系統還可以利用創新技術提高付費停車方便和快捷。現今，刷一下智能卡就可以實現付費功能，減少交易時間。移動設備也可以用于支付交易。公共地區需要停車系統，能夠有效的運作，與其他城市公用地區相結合。因為沒有適當方式，所以分配車位的停車場管理系統在協調和集中管理中呈現了失敗的效果。為了避免這些問題，提出智能停車系統的設計，用基于 FPGA 來檢查某些功能塊。近年來，FPGA 的可重構是有效的方法來實現的設計，因為 FPGA 提供通用處理器和 ASIC 之間的協調。基于 FPGA 的設計也更靈活，可編程，可重新加載。基于 FPGA 的設計可以方便地修改軟件部分。2.相關工作宮俊燕等相關人士,提出一種新穎，安全,智能的停車系統 （智能停車）主要是基于保護無線網絡與傳感器通信。停車空間利用率高和免費、快速的現時間是提出研究的目的。蘇春、安康山等，提出了用停車系統中的驅動程序來了解在停車場的幫助下 SMS 服務空間的可用性。驅動程序可以發送短信實現請求新的空間，如果前一個被填滿，驅動程序可以找到最近的空間停車使用基于無線移動的汽車停車系統。結果，表明該系統有效地分配的插槽和充分利用停車空間。安古普塔等，描述了阿克曼轉向配置高效汽車停車算法。該算法利用幾何計算路徑規劃。結果顯示了一個快速、 高效、 安全的停車系統。花春潭等，提出了用于大型停車場的高效停車搜索技術。在這篇文章中，提出在道路附近的停車場安裝攝像機和捕獲關于汽車顏色和車牌識別的信息，并保存到數據庫中。謝剛等，提出了一個停車系統，消除了關于空檔停車的問題。作者使用無線技術來提高停車效率。宮俊燕等，提出通知基于停車系統。在這停車系統中，驅動程序可以查詢及預訂停車位，以及為安全目的加密/解密技術使用，仿真結果都是高效的。Insop Song等提出基于 FPGA 停車系統,采用模糊邏輯控制器 (FLC),主要優點是計算時間大量減少了。在這項研究工作中，模擬真實環境中使用 VHDL 代碼測試機器人小車，并在 基于FPGA 的基礎上進行測試。3停車場管理系統停車系統的基本操作解釋為 當車輛進入停車場時，液晶屏顯示內容提示，是否有停車位空缺。如果有空位，然后啟動電機，打開停車場入口的門。射頻模塊用來傳送和接收插槽可用性信息。根據射頻模塊的輸出，LED 的發光。根據信息驅動程序可以停車。停車系統框圖所示圖 2.主機計算機作為控制單元。主要程序為 FPGA。圖2：停車系統的結構圖3.1硬件執行LCD為16引腳配置，Vss是接地引腳， Vcc是電源引腳，Vee用于控制對比度， RS為寄存器選擇引腳，命令和數據根據RS引腳狀態選擇，E為使能信號。DB0-DB7是數據線15和16引腳用于調整背光。分配給FPGA的LCD的控制和數據線如圖3所示。圖3（a）：LCD與FPGA接口（引腳分配）步進電機通過使用ULN 2003與FPGA連接。開發板的任何I / O端口可用于接口。在圖中，開發板的DI/O端口用于與步進電機的連接。 FPGA，ULN 2003和步進電機的引腳分配如圖3（b）所示。圖3（b）：步進電機與FPGA的接口（引腳分配） 射頻模塊：在本模塊中，紅外傳輸接收器用于檢測車輛是否存在。 紅外傳感器向HT12E編碼器發送插槽狀態。編碼器由18引腳配置。并行數據由編碼器轉換為串行。 收集數據在編碼器的數據輸出引腳。 從數據輸出引腳串行發射到RF發射器。 在RF接收機處串行接收數據。 HT12D解碼器從RF接收器接收數據，然后將轉換器串行轉換回并行形式。 HT12D解碼器的數據引腳與Virtex 5CI/O端口信號引腳連接。圖3（c）：HT12D解碼器與FPGA的接口（引腳分配）平臺：由IR傳感器、HT12E編碼器、RF模塊、HT12D解碼器和FPGA的LED組成，用于顯示結果。 軟件模塊：Xilinx版本12.4用于VHDL編碼。 接口：在提出的系統LCD中，步進電機和RF模型接口是用FPGA完成的。3.2有限狀態機的系統的運行為了實施停車系統狀態圖構造。我們知道模擬系統的執行空間的可用性，電機旋轉的門打開，標識和插槽的可用性信息。該系統包括識別插槽選擇插槽4.FPGA 實現 4.1 設計停車系統與狀態機圖ASMD 圖表是算法狀態機圖。顯示停車系統流程圖的工作方式。對于模擬模型，橢圓形的心形的盒子用來描述過去的狀態，以及當前輸入的輸出。圖中所示的圖表 ASMD 是停車場系統工作。在停車場入口處，液晶屏顯示停車系統的狀態。如果有可用空間，然后液晶顯示可用空間其他液晶顯示沒有空間退出。根據空間狀態馬達旋轉順時針方向。后該鑒定單位標識的人。為新成員分配臨時卡。經過鑒定，檢查插槽狀態。狀態可以是填充、 空或保留。在這個過程中使用射頻傳感器。 圖4：停車場管理系統的ASMD圖4.2結果檢查門空間后，會打開步進電機。然后模擬時鐘脈沖和重置應用會輸入。碳納米管和 clkd 是信號。當重置高向低，步進電機轉動。步進電機的仿真波形圖 4（a）所示。 圖4（a） 模擬步進電機放圖 4（b） RTL 視圖步進電機與 LCD 接口技術如上圖顯示了 RTL 視圖步進電機與 LCD 接口技術。clk 是系統時鐘信號，rst 是控制信號，D(7:0) 是數據線，Z(3:0) 是步進電機的輸出信號，E 是液晶顯示器的使能信號，rs 是寄存器選擇信號。rw 是讀/寫控制信號。當門打開了時，識別過程開始。w，w1、 w2、 z、 clk 和重置是投入。Out_1 是輸出。Current_state 和 next_state 描述了確定訪客或新成員。Pr_st 和 nx_st 顯示人的標識。下圖是仿真顯示識別過程圖4（c）：模擬識別模塊該插槽后檢查過程開始了。這里的 w1，w2、 w3，w、clk，rest是輸入的信號。Led_slotallot 和 slotallot 是輸出信號。當復位信號熄滅高向低，系統從空閑狀態出來。在下圖的模擬輸入信號中，插槽 15 是可用的。下圖是仿真顯示插槽分配功能。圖 4 （d） 插槽分配特征的模擬現在識別和插槽分配模塊集成。clk，w3，car_enter，休息，w4，找到，a，w2 是輸入的信號。確定new_member、 fnd1、 z、 led、 led_filled、 led_reserv、 cout 輸出信號。根據輸入信號，檢查插槽狀態。圖4（e） 完整的停車系統的仿真結果圖5:RTL 視圖停車系統圖上方顯示 32 插槽及 RTL 視圖停車系統。W2、 W3、 W4 是輸入的信號，rest是控制信號，Clk 是系統時鐘信號，Led，led_filled，led_reserv是輸出信號，顯示插槽的狀態。識別和 new_member 也顯示結果識別模塊的輸出信號。5.總結 目前，基于 FPGA 泊車系統被采用 Fsm Xilinx ISE 設計套件 12.4。 設計驗證容量 5 FPGA 工具包，狀態機提高生產率、 降低成本并縮短上市時間。基于 FPGA 停車系統，給出了快速響應。所設計的系統可用于許多應用程序，可以輕松地提高插槽選項數目，利用設計系統使停車更方便。附件2：外文原文（復印件）Design and implementation of car parking system on FPGAABSTRACTAs, the number of vehicles are increased day by day in rapid manner. It causes the problem of traffic congestion, pollution (noise and air). To overcome this problem.A FPGA based parking system has been proposed. In this paper, parking system is implemented using Finite State Machine modelling. The system has two main modules i.e. identification module and slot checking module. Identification module identifies the visitor. Slot checking module checks the slot status. These modules are modelled in HDL and implemented on FPGA. A prototype of parking system is designed with various interfaces like sensor interfacing, stepper motor and LCD.KEYWORDS :Finite State Machine; Parking System; Virtex- 5;1. INTRODUCTIONVehicle traffic congestion is a worldwide problem. In recent years, efforts have been made to introduce a method to reduce parking problems such as congestion, accidents and hazards.Figure1:Congestion Trends in Urban AreaAs shown in figure 1 congestion has clearly grown year by year. It creates a number of problems. Congestion used to mean it took longer to get to from work in the rush hour.Parking systems can also take advantage of innovative technologies in order to improve the ease and convenience of paying for parking. Now a day, Smart cards minimize transaction time by allowing a user to simply wave their card in front of a reader. Mobile devices can also be used in payment transactions. Public utilities need a parking system that can function efficiently and be integrated with the other urban city utilities. For allotment of parking slots there is no proper way thus parking management system fails in coordination and centralizing the information for an effective system. To avoid these problems, a design of an intelligent parking system is proposed,which will be implemented on FPGA to check its functionality. Recently, a reconfigurable FPGA is efficient method to implement a design, because FPGA provides a compromise between general-purpose processors and ASIC. The FPGA based design is also more flexible, programmable and can be re-programmed. FPGA based design can easily be modified by modifying designs software part.2. RELATED WORKGongjun Yan et.al, describes a novel, secure, and intelligent parking system (Smart Parking) based on secured wireless network and sensor communication. High parking space utilization and fast free spot finding time are the result of proposed research. Soh Chun Khang et.al, presents a parking system in which driver comes to know about the space availability in the parking lot with the help of SMS service. Driver can resend SMS in order to request new space if the previous one is filled. Driver can find nearest space for parking using wireless mobile based car parking system. Results, shows that the system efficiently allocates the slots and utilizes the full parking space. Ankit Gupta et.al, describes an efficient car parking algorithm for ackerman steering configuration. This algorithm uses geometric calculations for path planning. Result shows a fast, efficient and safer parking system. Hua chun tan et.al, proposed an efficient car searching technique for larger parking lot. In this paper, cameras are installed in roads nearby parking lot and information regarding car like colour and license plate recognition is captured and saved in the database. S. V. Srikanth et.al, proposed a parking system which eliminates problems regarding finding vacant slot for parking. Author uses wireless technology to enhance parking efficiency. Gongjun Yan et.al, proposed NOTICE based parking system. In this parking system, drivers can check and reserve the slot for parking. For security purposes encryption/decryption techniques are used. Simulation results are highly efficient. Insop Song et.al proposed FPGA based parking system using fuzzy logic controller (FLC). Reduction in computation time is its advantage. In this research work a robot car is made and tested in real environment using VHDL code. Design is simulated and tested on FPGA.3. PROPOSED PARKING SYSTEMThe basic operation of the parking system is explained as: When a vehicle enters in the parking lot, LCD displays, if the space is available in parking lot or not.If the space is available then stepper motor rotates and door opens for vehicle entrance. RF module is used to transmit and receive slot availability information.According to RF Modules output,LEDs glow.According to information driver can park the vehicle.Block diagram for the parking system is shown in figure 2.Host computer acts as control unit.Once host computer program the FPGA.Figure 2: Block diagram of the parking system3.1 Hardware implementation LCD is of 16 pin configuration. Vss is ground pin. Vcc is power supply pin.Vee is used to control the contrast. RS is register select pin.Command and data is select according to RS pin status.E is enable signal. DB0-DB7 are data lines.15 and 16 pins are used to adjust backlight.Control and data lines of LCD assigned to FPGA are shown in figure 3.Figure 3(a):LCD interfacing with FPGA(Pin assignment)Stepper motor interfaced with FPGA by using ULN 2003. Any I/O port of Development Boardcan be used for interfacing. Here, D I/O port of Development Board is used for interfacing withstepper motor. Pin assignment of FPGA, ULN 2003, and stepper motor is shown in figure 3(b). Figure 3(b):stepper motor interfacing with FPGA(Pin assignment)RF Module: In this module IR trans-receiver pair is used to detect vehicle presence. IR sensors transmit slots status to HT12E encoder. Encoder consists of 18 pin configuration. Parallel data convert into serial by encoder. Data is collected at data out pin of encoder. From data out pin data serially transmit towards RF transmitter. Data serially received at RF receiver. HT12D decoder receivers data from RF receiver, then converter back serial to parallel form. HT12D decoders data pins are interfaced with Virtex 5 C I/O port signal pins.Figure 3(c):HT12D Decoder interfacing with FPGA(Pin assignment)Platform: consisting of IR sensors, HT12E encoder, RF module, HT12D decoder and LEDs of FPGA are used to display results. Software Module: Xilinx version 12.4 is used for VHDL coding. Interfacing: In proposed system LCD, Stepper motor and RF models interfacing is done with FPGA.3.2 Finite state machine for the operation of the systemIn order to implement parking system a state diagram is constructed. As we know that the proposed system performs space availability, motor rotation for door opening, identification and slot availability information. The system includes:IdentificationSlot Selection4. FPGA IMPLEMENTATION 4.1 Designing of parking system with State Machine DiagramASMD chart is Algorithm State Machine Diagram. This shows the working of parking system in the form of a flow chart. For the proposed model, oval shaped boxes are used to describe the output that depends upon past state as well as present input. The ASMD chart shown in figure 4 gives working of the car parking system. At the entrance of parking area, LCD displays the status of parking system. If space is available then LCD displays space available else LCD displays no space exit. According to space status motor rotates in clockwise direction. After that identification unit identifies the person. For new member temporary card is allotted. After identification, slot status is checked. Status can be filled, empty or reserved. RF sensors are used in this process.Figure 4:ASMD char for parking system4.2 ResultsAfter space checking door will open with the help of stepper motor. Here in simulation clk pulse and reset is applied as an input. Cnt and clkd are signals. When reset goes high-to-low, stepper motor rotates. Simulation wave forms of stepper motor are shown in figure 4(a)Figure 4（a）:Simulation of stepper motor ratation Figure 4(b) :RTL view of stepper motor and LCD interfacingFigure 4(b):RTL view of stepper motor and LCD interfacingFigure above shows the RTL view of stepper motor and LCD interfacing.clk is system clock signal. rst is control signal. D(7:0) are data lines. Z(3:0) is output signal of stepper motor. E is enable signal of LCD. rs is register select signal. rw is read/write controlsignal.When door opened, identification process starts. w, w1, w2, z, clk and reset are inputs. Out_1 is output. Current_state and next_state describes visitor is identified or a new member has come. Pr_st and nx_st shows person which is identified. Following simulation shows identification process: Figure 4(c):Simulation of identification moduleAfter that slot checking procedure starts. Here w1, w2, w3, w, clk, reset are input signals. Led_slotallot and slotallot are output signals. Whe