用心 愛心 專心 1 英語句式類型英語句式類型 一 分類 1 按照句式結構分為三種 簡單句 并列句 復合句 2 按照句子功能分為四類 陳述句 疑問句 祈使句 感嘆句 第一節第一節簡單句簡單句 一 定義 一 定義 簡單句只包含一個主語或并列主語和一個謂語或并列謂語構成的句子 且句子的 各個成分都是由單詞或短語來組成的 二 分類 二 分類 類型類型 1 1 S S V V 該句型中謂語動詞為不及物動詞 后面不可接賓語 但可接狀語或其他成 分 例 Nobody went out The children are playing We study hard 類型類型 2 2 S S V V O O 該句型中的謂語為及物動詞 后面必須接賓語 且只能接一個賓語 例 We love our country The old woman looks after the baby carefully He dreamed a terrible dream last night 類型類型 3 3 S S V V O O 人人 O O 物物 該句型中的動詞為雙賓語動詞 后面必須接兩個賓語 該類動詞主要有 give show send pass lend return promise owe make buy do fetch paint save spare find 等 例 He gave his sister the piano He gave the piano to his sister He bought his wife a coat He bought a coat for his wife 類型類型 4 4 S S V V O O C C該句型中的謂語動詞后面必須接賓語 且還要用一個補足語來補 充說明賓語的狀態 例 I found the book easy The teacher told us to study hard We heard him singing 類型類型 5 5 S S L L P P該句型中的 L 為系動詞 后常接表語 注意 1 該句型無被動 2 無進行 3 作非謂語時常用 V ing 形式 例 The flower is beautiful He is a teacher 系動詞分類 系動詞分類 1 1 變化系動詞 變化系動詞 turn become grow fall get go come run 等 例 She becomes a lawyer She turns lawyer 2 2 狀態系動詞 狀態系動詞 be seem remain stay stand keep 等 例 He always kept silent at meeting 3 3 感官系動詞 感官系動詞 feel smell sound taste look appear 等 例 The milk tastes sour The cloth feels soft 4 4 終止性系動詞 終止性系動詞 prove turn out 等 用心 愛心 專心 2 例 His plan turned out a success 第二節第二節句子成分句子成分 在句子中起著不同語法作用的部分 叫做句子成分 句子成分有 9 種 主語 謂語動詞 表語 賓語 定語 補語 狀語 同位語 插入語 1 1 主語 主語 subjectsubject 表示句子描述的是 誰 或 什么 通常是謂語動詞的動作執行者 通常有名詞 代詞 數詞 動詞不定式 動名詞 從句等充當 TheThe studentsstudents worked very hard TheyThey are from America 80 80 of the students in our class are girls ToTo learnlearn EnglishEnglish is very difficult for us It is difficult for us to learn English SwimmingSwimming inin thethe lakelake is dangerous WhatWhat hehe saidsaid is true 2 2 謂語動詞 謂語動詞 什么主語的動作或具有的狀態與特征 構成形式如下 1 簡單謂語 由一個動詞或動詞短語構成 She practicespractices speaking English every day The woman takestakes goodgood carecare ofof the baby I havehave gotgot ridrid ofof smoking 2 復合謂語形式 1 由情態動詞或助動詞 動詞構成 You maymay gogo now He hashas caughtcaught a bad cold We areare goinggoing toto visitvisit the old town tomorrow 3 復合謂語形式 2 由系動詞 表語構成 We areare studentsstudents She becomesbecomes famous famous The little girl isis afraidafraid ofof the snake 4 復合謂語形式 3 情態動詞 系動詞 表語 It willwill bebe wasted He mustmust bebe wrong We willwill bebe free tomorrow 5 復合謂語形式 4 被動句的謂語動詞 Mary waswas seenseen to swim across the river They werewere expectedexpected to finish the work as soon as possible 3 3 表語 表語 用來說明主語的身份 特征和狀態的成分 一般在系動詞之后 表語可由下列結構充當 名詞 代詞 形容詞 分詞 數詞 不定式 動名詞 介詞短 語及表語從句 The young man has turned thief All of these are yours The flower is beautiful The film is moving We are moved by the film Her job is to look after the baby My job is teaching English 用心 愛心 專心 3 Tom was out then The fact is that he passed the exam successfully 4 4 賓語 賓語 表示動作承受的對象 可由下列結構充當 名詞 代詞 數詞 動名詞 不定式 賓語從句等 He bought a new car The heavy snow prevented her from going to school She enjoys listening to music I don t know how to get there I think that he is old enough to join the army 5 5 賓補 賓補 英語中有少數及物動詞后除了接一個賓語外 還必須有一個賓語補足語對賓語進 行補充說明 這樣才能使句子的意義完整 這類動詞被稱為 復合及物動詞 常見的動詞 有 make consider find get have let 等 The boss made us work 14 hours every day We found the dog lying on the ground We painted our house white We found him killed the next morning 6 6 定語 定語 用來修飾限定名詞或代詞的詞 短語或從句 通常由下列結構充當 形容詞 分 詞 名詞 代詞 數詞 不定式 動名詞 介詞短語等 She is a beautiful girl My book is old More than 30 students in our class are from abroad He is the first to come and the last to leave The teaching building is under construction The girl in white is my sister 7 7 狀語 狀語 用來修飾動詞 形容詞 副詞或整個句子 說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分 通 常由副詞 介詞短語 不定式 分詞 名詞 形容詞或狀語從句等充當 She used to sit for hours quietly He ha s lived in the countryside for 20 years The tree is too tall for the boy to climb up Encouraged by the teacher she made up her mind to learn English well Wherever you go whatever you do I will wait for you 8 8 同位語 同位語 appositive 對前面的名詞或代詞做進一步的解釋 通常由名詞 數詞 代詞 或從句來充當 This is Mr Zhou our headmaster The question who should do the work is still in discussion 9 9 插入語 插入語 parenthesis 對一句話作一些附加的解釋 通常由形容詞 副詞 介詞短語 動詞不定式 現在分詞或從句來充當 To be frank I don t quite agree with you 第三節第三節并列句并列句 一 概念一 概念 有兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起 構成的句子叫做并列句 例 He made a promise but he didn t keep it 1 并列句中兩個簡單句相互之間沒有結構的所屬關系 只是在語意上存在一定的 聯系 2 并列連詞的確定取決于分句之間的語意關系 用心 愛心 專心 4 二 類型二 類型 1 順承并列句 2 轉折并列句 3 選擇并列句 4 因果并列句 5 條件或 結果并列句 1 1 順承并列句 順承并列句 表示兩個同等的概念 常由 and not only but also 等連接 例 They talked happily and they forgot to cook supper Not only did the students sing but also the teacher sings 2 2 轉折并列句 轉折并列句 表示兩個分句在語意上轉折 常由 but while yet nevertheless 等連 接 例 He worked hard yet he failed Some problems are easy while others are difficult 3 3 選擇并列句 選擇并列句 常由 or either or otherwise 等連接 例 Either you leave this house or I will call the police I must work much harder otherwise I can t catch up with the other classmates 4 4 因果并列句 因果并列句 常由 for so therefore 等連接 例 It was late so we went home It s going to rain for the sky is dark It rained therefore the football match was put off 5 5 條件或結果并列句 條件或結果并列句 例 Hurry up or we ll miss the train Work hard and you ll succeed in time 第四節第四節復合句復合句 一 概念一 概念 用一個句子作另一個句子的某個成分 主 表 賓 同 定 狀 兩個句子有 所屬關系 含有這種結構的句子被稱為復合句 例 When we shall hold a meeting is still a question The question is when we shall hold a meeting We are discussing when we shall hold a meeting The question when we shall hold a meeting is not decided The question we are discussing is when we shall hold a meeting The question will be discussed when we shall hold a meeting 1 所有的從句必須有相應的從句引導詞 有些從句引導詞可以省略 2 所有的從句語序要順承 不能倒裝 二 分類 二 分類 1 1 定語從句 定語從句 2 2 名詞性從句 名詞性從句 3 3 狀語從句 狀語從句 1 定語從句 限定性定語從句 非限定性定語從句 例 Th