Chapter 12 (2)Instructions for Drugs,Terms,藥品說明書：Instructions, Directions, Description, Package Insert, Data sheets, Leaflet藥物名稱：drug name通用名：popular name, generic name商品名：trade name, proprietary name化學名稱：chemical name,化學成分：chemical composition化學結構：chemical structure性狀：description組成、成分：ingredients, composition適應癥、主治：indications功用、功效：functions, effects規格：specification用法用量：dosage and usage, directions,不良反應：adverse reactions毒性反應：toxic reaction, toxic response過敏反應：anaphylactic reaction副作用：side effects, undesirable effects禁忌癥：contraindications注意事項：precautions警告：warnings,物理和化學性質：physical and chemical properties藥物相互作用：drug interactions臨床藥理學：clinical pharmacology臨床機理：mechanism of action, clinical mechanism耐受性：tolerance藥物動力學：pharmacokinetics吸收和排泄：absorption and excretion,貯藏：storage包裝：package批號：batch No.有效期：validity date, expiry (date)批準文號：drug approval number生產廠商：manufacturer,Drug name,Western medicine: check the dictionary.Chinese medicine: 音譯：保嬰丹(BAO YING DAN)拼音+劑型：桂枝湯(Guizhi Decoction)藥品名直譯+劑型：桂林西瓜霜(Guilin Watermelon Frost)意譯：平胃散(Peptic Powder)音譯+注釋：溫脾湯(Wenpi Tang Decoction for Warming Spleen) Recommended,藥物性狀(description),如果是一段較長的說明，可翻譯成完整的句子，用一般現在時；如果是非常簡短的描述，則不用翻譯成完整的句子，只需翻譯成短語即可。,1. 本品為白色或微黃色粉末，加適量水可配制成近乎白色的懸濁液，供肌肉注射用，或配制成黃色的溶液，供靜脈注射用。It is a white or a faintly yellow powder to which appropriate amounts of water are added to prepare an off-white suspension for intramuscular use or a yellowish solution for intravenous administration.,2. 本品為紅色的澄清粘稠液體；氣香，味甜。Sticky clear red solution with fragrant smell and sweet taste.,藥物的作用(functions)或適應癥(indications),如果是一段較長的說明，可翻譯成完整的句子，用一般現在時；如果是非常簡短的描述，則不用翻譯成完整的句子，只需翻譯成短語即可。,1. 在感染的細菌未被確認出來，或由敏感細菌引起感染時，適于用該藥來進行治療。It is indicated for the treatment of infection before the infecting organism has been identified or when the infection is caused by sensitive bacteria.2. 健脾開胃。Strengthening the spleen and inducing appetite.,用量用法(dosage and usage),如果是一段較長的說明，可翻譯成完整的句子，用一般現在時；如果是非常簡短的指示，則不用翻譯成完整的句子，只需翻譯成短語。,1. 細菌感染可用肌肉注射或靜脈注射10毫升，每日三次即可見效。Bacterial infections will respond to intramuscular or intravenous injection of 10 ml each time, three times a day.2. 口服，一次10毫升，一日三次。For oral use. 10 ml each time, 3 times a day.,禁忌癥(contraindications),即可譯為完整的句子，一般使用should或must等情態動詞；也可譯為短語。,對該藥物過敏者禁止使用。It should not be used in patients with known sensitivity to the drug.Patients with known sensitivity to the drug.,不良反應(adverse reactions),如果較長，則譯為完整的句子，大多數情況下用一般現在時；如果較短，也可譯為短語。,1. 該藥耐受性良好，最常見的副作用與胃腸道癥狀有關。This drug is generally well tolerated. The commonest side effects associated with it are symptoms related to the gastrointestinal tract.2. 嗜睡、頭暈、心悸、興奮、失眠、惡心等。Lethargy, dizziness, palpitation, excitation, insomnia, and nausea.,3. 偶爾可能出現下列副作用：口干、口渴、發困、乏力、頭暈、心部燒灼感、食欲不振、腹部不適、發疹。The following adverse reactions may occasionally occur: dryness of the mouth, thirst, drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, heartburn, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, and exanthema.,注意事項(precaustions),一般是對病人提出要求，所以在翻譯成英語時可用should，may或must等情態動詞，同時也多用被動語態。,1. 偶爾可能對口腔粘膜有麻醉作用，但若不嚼碎藥片，而以水送服，上述作用可以避免。An anesthetic effect on the oral mucous membranes may occur occasionally, but this may be avoided by swallowing the drug quickly with water without crushing the tablet.,2. 服用過量或有嚴重不良反應時請即就醫。A physician must be consulted immediately for overdosage or severe adverse reactions.,藥物的貯藏(storage),一般譯為祈使句。e.g. 密封避光，置于干燥陰涼處保存。Keep airtight in a dry and cool place. Away from light.,中藥的功能(functions, indications),因為中藥漢語術語深奧難解，其信息含量也非常大，所以在翻譯中藥說明書時，應對其內容進行恰當的解釋和補充，才能使英譯文清晰明白。,1. 【功用】健脾和胃，消食止瀉。Functions Strengthening the spleen and regulating the stomach, promoting digestion and arresting diarrhea.,2. 【主治】脾虛食積征，表現為食欲不振、消化不良、脘腹脹滿、大便溏薄、苔膩、脈虛弱。慢性腸炎、腸功能紊亂、結腸過敏等表現為脾虛食積者，可調整本方后加以治療。Indications Retention of food due to deficiency of the spleen marked by poor appetite, indigestion, distention and fullness in the stomach and abdomen, loose bowels, greasy coating of the tongue, and feeble pulse. The modification of the recipe is advisable for the above syndromes as seen in cases such as chronic enteritis, disturbance of intestinal function, irritable colon, etc.,Practice:ISOKETFor long-term and /or emergency treatment of angina pectoris,Composition:Isosorbide dinitrate 20mg per tablet, with prolonged action.,Indications:Angina pectoris, especially the so-called “effort angina”; prevention and subsequent treatment of myocardial infarction. Angina pectoris vasomotorica, a form induced by central nervous disorder, is not affected.Contra-indication:Glaucoma.,Dosage:One tablet of Isoket retard to be taken with water and without chewing in the morning after breakfast, and one in the evening before retiring; this will protect the patient from attacks of angina pectoris during both the day and the night. If an attack does occur, half a tablet should be chewed and then swallowed, whereby an immediate action is produced.,Note:No side-effects are to be expected, but some patients may develop the well-known “nitrate-headache” which in itself is harmless. In such instances, it is recommended that the dosage be reduced. Because this nitrate effect is subject to tachyphylaxis, the Isoket retard medication need not be interrupted. Security for angina pectoris patients for 8-10 hours. In cases of extreme severity, immediate relief can be obtained by chewing Isoket retard.,PackagePacking of 60 tablets.,Exercise: Translate the following medicine specification into Chinese.,Composition: Each tablet contains X 200mg.Indications:As an e