陸娟娟的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)M5U3 Science and nature Grammar and usageTeachingaims:1.Learntheusageofverb-edformandverb-edphrases2.Learnthedifferenceandusageofverb-ingandverb-edasadjectivesTeachingpoints:1.Learnverb-edformasattribute,predictiveandobjectcomplement.2.Learnverb-edphrasesexpressingthetime,thereasonandthecondition.Teachingprocedures:Step1.動(dòng)詞ed形式即過(guò)去分詞可與be連用，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或系表結(jié)構(gòu)；也可與助動(dòng)詞have連用，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)；此外，V-ed分詞具有形容詞和副詞性質(zhì)，在句中可充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。1作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的過(guò)去分詞只表示完成，而不表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：完成+被動(dòng)：apollutedriveralocked rooma well-educatedman只有完成：aretiredworkerafallenleafboiledwater作定語(yǔ)的V-ed分詞也有前置和后置兩種情況。單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，常常位于被修飾的名詞前；而過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常位于被修飾的名詞后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Eg.1).Youshouldimproveyourspoken(speak)English.2).Whatsthelanguagespoken(speak)inthatarea?=Whatsthelanguagewhich/thatisspoken(speak)inthatarea?3).Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.=Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhowastrappedinthefire.4).Themeeting, attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.=Themeeting,whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.2作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)的V-ed分詞大多轉(zhuǎn)化成為形容詞，通常用于聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞之后（例如be,seem,appear,look,sound,feel,remain,stay,become,get等），表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)Eg1).Edisonbecameinterested(interest)insciencewhenhewasveryyoung.2).Shelooksveryexcited(excite)atthenews.3).WhenIwascleaningthewindow,myfingergotcut(cut)unexpectedly.3作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)如果賓語(yǔ)與后面作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則使用V-ed分詞作賓補(bǔ)。可以帶V-ed分詞作賓補(bǔ)的詞有：with,see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel,sense,find,leave,keep,get,have,make.1).Ihadmymoneystolen(steal)onthebus.2).AsheknowslittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood(understand).3).Inthemorning,peoplewokeupandfoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletelychanged(change).4作狀語(yǔ) 作狀語(yǔ)的V-ed分詞與主句之間常有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),在句中可表示時(shí)間,原因,條件,讓步,伴隨等情況,并可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。作狀語(yǔ)的V-ed和主句的主語(yǔ)常有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) Seen from space, the earth looks blue. = When the earth is seen from space, it looks blue. Asked what had happened, he lowered his head. = When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head. 2) 原因狀語(yǔ) Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. =As he was born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. Moved by the story, they decided to help her. =Because they were moved by the story, they decided to help her. 3)條件狀語(yǔ) Given more time, we are sure to finish it. =If we are given more time, we are sure to finish it. Compared with other professors, she is an excellent speaker.=If she is compared with other professors, she is an excellent speaker. 4)讓步狀語(yǔ) Laughed at by everybody, he had my sympathy. =Though he was laughed at by everybody, he had my sympathy. Defeated by his opponent, he still is a hero in my heart = Even though he was defeated by his opponent, he still is a hero in my heart. 5)伴隨狀語(yǔ) The boy sat at the table buried in his homework. = The boy sat at the table and he was buried in his homework. The girl lay in bed lost in thought. = The girl lay in bed and she was lost in thought.I will spend the night locked(lock) in your room. She left the restaurant, disappointed (disappoint) with the bad service.Step 2.1.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)為句子的主語(yǔ)，且與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Whenaskedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.當(dāng)那男孩被問(wèn)到為何來(lái)這里時(shí)他沉默不語(yǔ)。Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，他對(duì)生物很感興趣。2.現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)上的不同現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的意思，而過(guò)去分詞多數(shù)由及物動(dòng)詞變來(lái)，表示被動(dòng)的意思。Iheardsomeoneopeningthedoor.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人在開(kāi)門(mén)。Iheardthedooropened.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)門(mén)開(kāi)了。（2）個(gè)別的過(guò)去分詞（多數(shù)是一些不及物動(dòng)詞）并不表示被動(dòng)而表示完成的意思。fallenleaves落葉theexplodedbomb爆炸了的炸彈departedfriends離去的朋友(3)時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作通常正在進(jìn)行，而過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作往往已經(jīng)完成。boilingwater正在沸騰的水boiledwater已經(jīng)煮沸了的水developingcountry發(fā)展中國(guó)家developedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家thefallingleaves正在飄落的葉子thefallenleaves落葉（已經(jīng)落在地上）(4)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞通常表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，我們感到非常驚訝。Thenewsisverysurprising.這個(gè)消息很令人驚訝。英語(yǔ)中此類詞還有如下：amusing,amused;disappointing,disappointed;exciting,excited;puzzling,puzzled;satisfying,satisfied;pleasing,pleased;interesting,interested;tiring,tired;worrying,worried;astonishing,astonished;encouraging,encouraged.3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)的3種形式。thebridgetobebuilt將要建造的橋（表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作）thebridgebeingbuilt正在建造的橋（表示被動(dòng)及正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）thebridgebuilt建好的橋（表示被動(dòng)及完成的動(dòng)作）Step 3 Homework一、單項(xiàng)填空 1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year. Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out2. As we joined the big crowd I got _from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 3. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. have questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 4. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 5. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. Abegins Bhaving begun Cbeginning Dbegun 6._in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the police. A. Having been lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 7. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 8. I sat before the desk until after mid-night, _ in writing. A. being absorbed B. absorbed C. to be absorbed D. absorbing 9. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 10. _with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 11. _ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having been put D. Being put 12._by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted 13. When first_ to the market, these products enjoyed great success A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 14. _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising 15. Is this the watch you wish _? A. to have repaired B. to repa