定語從句中關系代詞的用法 在復合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞(定語從句所修飾的詞)之后。定語從句由關系詞來引導，關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞之分。關系代詞有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；關系副詞有when，where，why等。 關系詞通常有下列三個作用：1)引導定語從句；2)代替先行詞；3)在定語從句中擔當一個成分。如：The car which my unele had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake句中which my uncle had just bought是定語從句，修飾先行詞the car；which是引導定語從句的關系詞，代替先行詞the car，在定語從句中作賓語。表一：關系代詞的用法關系代詞指代對象及在從句中所作的成分使用要點例句that即指人又指物；作主語或賓語（作賓語時可省略）只用于限制性定語從句中，介詞后面不能跟that。當代替物時，可以與which通用。Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress thatI gave her昨天艾米麗穿了我送給她的新衣服。I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有個朋友喜歡聽古典音樂。 which指物；作主語或賓語（作賓語時可省略）在非限定性定語從句中，只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定語從句中，可用在介詞之后。My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old 我的父母住在一座具有100多年歷史的房子里 who,whom指人；作主語或賓語（whom常可省略）先行詞必須為人。Who可代替在從句中擔任賓語的whom,若前有介詞，須用whomA couch potato is a person who spends a lot oftime watching TV“A couch potato”指那種成天沉湎于電視中的人。The student(whom)I taught two years ago hasjoined the army我兩年前教的那個學生已經參軍了。whose既指人又指物；作定語是代詞的所有格，代物時，相當于ofwhich。The room whose window faces south is mine那個窗戶朝南的房間是我的。注意：whose指物時，常用of which結構來代替。如：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired=The classroom the door of which is broken willsoon be repaired表二：用which不用that的情況which可以引導非限制性定語從句，that不能。He had failed in the maths exam，which made hisfather very angry他數學考試沒及格，這使他父親很生氣。which可以用在介詞后，that不可。That is the house in which Mark Twain used to live那是馬克吐溫過去住的房子。一個句子中若有兩個定語從句，一個用that引導。另一個不能再用that，而用which。He bought an American magazine that could give himso much English knowledge and which could help himto kill the time他買了一本既可以豐富他的英語知識又可以消磨時間的美國雜志。表三：只用that不用which的情況(先行詞是物)當先行詞是不定代詞如：all，little，few，much，none，anything，nothing，everything等時。I have said all that I want to say我想說的都說了。當先行詞被最高級、序數詞以及thevery，the only修飾時。This is the very book that I want to buy .這正是我想要買的書當先行詞被all，little，much，some，any,no,every等不定代詞修飾時。There is little work that you can do幾乎沒有你能做的工作。當先行詞由人、物等表示并列的詞構成時。They talked about the men and the things that they saw 他們談到了所見的人和事。當主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時。Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night?他昨晚住的是哪家旅館?當關系詞在從句中作表語時，用that，而且常省略。如：China isnt the country(that)it used to be中國不再是以前的中國了。當主句是以there ishere isit is開頭時用that不用whichThere is a table in the corner that is folded away有一張桌子被折疊放在角落里。表四：關于as引導的定語從句as引導定語從句主要用于非限制性定語從句和the sameas，suchas 結構中。This is the same knife as I lost yesterday這把刀子和我昨天丟的那把是一樣的。Dont talk about such things as you dont understand不要談論你不懂的事情。which和as都可以引導非限制性定語從句，as引導的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后甚至可以分割主句。which引導的非限性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as常有“正如”“正像”的含義。China is a developing country，as is known to all眾所周知，中國是發展中國家。Johnas you know，is a writer正如你所知，約翰是個作家。He was very rude to the customs officer，which of course made things even worse他對海關官員非常無禮，這當然使事情更糟糕了。such后可接as引導的定語從句，也可接that引導的結果狀語從句。We hope to get such a tool as he is using(as在從句作賓語)我們希望得到一件正像他在使用的工具。(定語從句)We hope to get such a tool that we can doour work better with it(that在從句中不作成分)我們希望得到這樣一件工具以至于我們能更好地工作。(結果狀語從句)the sameas與the samethat引導的定語從句的區別：前者修飾的是與原物相似的東西；而后者修飾的就是先行詞所指的東西。This is the same watch as I lost這和我丟的那只手表一樣。(不是同一只)This is the same watch that I lost這就是我丟失的那只手表。(同一只)2有時候當先行詞是表示時間、地點的詞時，卻不用whenwhere而用thatwhich引導。這時要根據從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就可用that(which)，否則可用where。例如： I will remember the days thatwhich we spent together 我會永遠記住我們一起度過的日子。 This is the factory thatwhich you visited yesterday 這就足你昨天參觀的工廠。 3way作先行詞時，關系代詞的使用： I dont like the way(thatin which)he treats his parents 我不喜歡他對待父母的方式。 4. that引導定語從句與名詞性從句的不同： The news that he told us is true(定語從句) 他告訴我們的新聞是真的。The news that our team has won is encouraging(同位語從句) 我們隊勝利的消息真令人振奮。