動詞不定式（the infinitive）的基本用法動詞不定式 1. 基本構成：to+動詞原形 ，其否定形式是“not/never to do / not do”. 2. 基本用法：不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數的變化。一、不定式的句法功能1. 作主語 eg: Its very common to raise money in Canadian and American school. 不定式做主語時,常用代詞it 來代替不定式結構, 這時 it 被稱為形式主語,而作為句子真正主語的不定式則被后置，往往放v.和adj.之后。 e.g. To learn English well is not easy. =Its not easyto learn English well. 不定式的邏輯主語有時用“of/for + 名詞或代詞賓格”構成, 即： Its + adj.+ for / of sb. + to do sth.跟蹤練習1. Its very nice of them _ (send) me the flowers.2. _ (become) a teacher is my dream.3. Its very important to learn English well.(同義句轉換) _ English well _very important.4. Its important _ Chinese well. A.to learnB. learnC. learningD. learns2. 作表語 eg：The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. 表語是用來表示主語的身份、狀態和特征等，可與系動詞構成系表結構。 eg：Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school. My job is to clean the streets.跟蹤練習1. My work is _ (clean) the room every day. 2. His dream is _ (be) a doctor.3. 作賓語 eg：The driver offered to help the patient. 有些動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，表示命令、打算或希望等。常見的此類動詞有：agree, ask, choose, decide, want, would like, fail, help, hope, plan等。跟蹤練習1.My friends want _ (book) some tickets to the movie for us.2. My parents decide _ (give) me more money.3. He plans _ (go) to Beijing for a holiday.4. The boy hopes _ (pass) the English exam.5. My little son is able _ (read) some words.6. Ill try my best _ (help) you.7. She would like _ (become) beautiful.4. 作賓語補足語 eg：It allows people to get closer to them. The world wide fund for nature chose the panda to be its symbol. 動詞不定式作賓語補足語，常構成的句式為：v. + sb. /sth. + to do。此類常見的動詞有：tell, ask, want, wish, teach, help, order, invite, get, allow, send, lead, encourage, advise, warn, bear, beg, cause, command, drive, elect, expect, forbid, force, hate, intend, leave(留下), like, mean, need, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, train, trouble等36個動詞。即： ask sb. to do sth. 讓某人做某事； tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事； invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事； help sb. to do sth. 幫助某人做某事； want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事； allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事；. eg：My friend invites me to come to his home. I asked Paul to carry the box. 其否定形式為：v. + sb. / sth. not /never + to do。即： tell sb. not to do sth.告訴某人不要做某事; ask sb. not to do sth. 讓某人不要做某事； warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事； order sb. not to do sth. 命令某人不要做某事； eg：My teacher tells us not to make too much noise. 跟蹤練習1. Dont ask Jim _ (go) swimming with us, because his mother wont allow him _ (do) so.2. Does you mother like you _ a doctor? A. being B. to be C. are D. become3. My teacher always tells me _ (study) hard.4. I dont want you _ (help) me.5. Shed like me _ (join) them.6. I wish you _ (have) a good time.7. My best friends teachme _ (swim).8. Her boyfriend often invites her _ (have) dinner.9. My mother always gets my father _ (do) housework.10. I order you _ (wash) your hands. 在動詞think, believe, know, find, understand, take等之后，作賓補的不定式多由 “ to be adj”構成。 eg: They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful He believed the earth to be a globe 在某些短語后也可跟不定式作賓補。這類動詞短語常見的有：wait for, call on, depend on, care for, long for等。 eg: The crocodile waited for the monkey to come down again The chairman called on Mr. Brown to speak I shouldnt care for that man to be my doctor 有些動詞后接省去to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，即：動詞不定式在使役動詞（make，let， have）或感官動詞（feel，listen to，hear， look at，see，watch，notice）之后作賓補時不定式需省去to。句式為：v. + sb. / sth. + do ; 其否定形式為：v. + sb. / sth. + not /never do。 為了便于記憶，我們可以這樣記：“一感”（feel）“二聽”（listen， hear）“三讓”（let，make，have）“四看”（look at，see，watch，notice） eg：His words makes everyone laugh. His mother let him not watch TV. I felt someone open my door Please listen to me sing the song again 注意：感官動詞后既可跟省略to的不定式作賓補，也可跟現在分詞作賓補。其區別是：前者強調動作的全過程或經常性；后者則強調動作在進行(片斷)。試比較： I heard her sing我聽見她唱了歌。 I heard her singing我聽見她在唱歌。 個別動詞，如: help既可以接帶to的不定式，也可以接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。 eg：She helps me (to) do my homework. 跟蹤練習1. When they went into the park, they saw someone _ Chinese Kongfu . A.plays B. played C. to play D. playing2. Mr. Brown made his students _ the new words again. A.copying B. copy C. to copy D. copied3. Please let the students _ down. A. sitting B. sat C. sit D.tosit4. - Is Wei Fang good at singing? - Yes, she is. We often hear her_ in her room. A. to sing B. sing C. sings D. singing5. A strange noise made me _ (stop) my work.5. 作狀語 eg: We are sorry to hear that. (作原因狀語) Lets stop to have a rest. (作目的狀語) She didnt work hard enough to pass the exam. (作結果狀語)跟蹤練習1. She sells flowers _ make money. A. made B. make C. to make D. to be made2. The room is not big enough _. A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living3. Im sorry_ you. A.trouble B. trouble with C. to trouble D. trouble about4. He is too young