初中英語考點剖析與典題精講系列三點剖析單詞巧記典句考點 【經典例句】 She was injured badly in the accident.她在事故中受重傷。【考點聚焦】 by accident表示“偶然,無意中；不小心”；by accident of表示“因的原因；由于的運氣”。如：I only found it by accident.我只是碰巧找到的。By accident of birth he is entitled to British citizenship.因出生的造化,他成為英國公民。【活學活用】 1.選擇He had accident yesterday.Oh,what ?A.a few;happenedB.a little;happenedC.a little;wrong答案：B【經典例句】 Do not wash dirty linen in public.家丑不可外揚。【考點聚焦】 1）英語中也有“洗手不干；斷絕與的關系”這樣的表達,即wash ones hands of sth.。2）注意wash與介詞搭配時表達的不同意思。如：Wash the dirt off your hands before dinner.吃晚飯前把你雙手上的污垢擦掉。（wash sth.off表示“洗掉”）The waves washed against the shore.海浪拍打著海岸。By evening,I was washed out from overwork.到了傍晚,我被過多的工作累得筋疲力盡。（be washed out表示“活力耗盡,變得枯竭”）【活學活用】 2.根據漢語提示在空格上填上合適的英語單詞,使句子完整昨天我媽媽花了一個小時的時間洗衣服。It my mother an hour the clothes yesterday.答案：took,to wash【經典例句】 The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.惟一可怕的乃是害怕本身。 Fear not the future;weep not for the past.別為未來而恐懼,別為過去而哭泣。【考點聚焦】 短語for fear of sth.跟in case of意思相仿,都表示“為了避免,害怕”,請看例句：We spoke in low voice for fear of waking the baby/for fear (that) we might wake the baby.我們輕聲談話,以免吵醒嬰兒。【巧記提示】 shake(搖動)snake(蛇)【經典例句】 His voice shook with fear.他害怕得聲音發顫。【考點聚焦】 1)固定搭配：shake hands with sb.與某人握手2）短語shake off表示“脫離,擺脫；使某人自己免除；除去”,如：We shook off our fears. 我們擺脫了恐懼。【巧記提示】 direct(v.指向)+-ion(名詞后綴)【經典例句】 Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another.湯姆朝一個方向走,哈里則朝另一個方向走。【考點聚焦】 其動詞形式為direct。【經典例句】 It was difficult to calm down the football fans.要使足球迷們平靜下來是很困難的。【考點聚焦】 calm也可以作及物動詞,請看例句： The nurse calmed the little boy by giving him some candy.保育員給那小男孩一些糖果,使他安靜下來了。【巧記提示】 trap (圈套,陷阱)trip(旅行)【經典例句】 The police set a trap to catch the thief.警察設下了捉拿竊賊的圈套。【考點聚焦】 其被動語態是trap,如：She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃燒著的房子里了。【巧記提示】 moment(片刻)movement(運動)【經典例句】 Id like to speak to you for a moment.我想和你談一會兒。【考點聚焦】 有關moment的短語有很多,請看例句并掌握它們的用法。Ill be back in a moment.我一會兒就回來。（in a moment表示“立刻”）My job is not a very glamorous one but it does have its moments.我的工作雖不算十分吸引人,但也自有其樂趣所在。（have ones moment,have ones day都表示“走紅時,得意時”,英語中有諺語說Every dog has his day.即“誰都有得意的時候。”）【活學活用】 3.選擇We hadnt met for 20 years,but I recognized her I saw her.A.the momentB.for the momentC.the moment when D.at the moment when答案：A【巧記提示】 hurry(匆忙的) worry（焦急的）【經典例句】 They who live in a worry invite death in a hurry.生多愁苦,其死必速。【考點聚焦】 請看例句并掌握hurry作動詞時的用法。Hurry up and get readywere waiting!快點準備好我們在等著呢！（hurry up是催促人們“快點,趕緊做”）【經典例句】 The doctor advised me to take a complete rest.醫生讓我好好休息。【考點聚焦】 與advise相關的常用固定搭配有advise sb.to do sth.建議某人做某事;advise sb.of sth.把某事報告（通知）某人；advise sb.against sth./doing sth.建議某人不要做某事。請看例句：They advised her against marrying quickly.他們勸她不要太快結婚。Keep me advised of the progress of the matter.讓我知道事情的進展情況。【活學活用】 4.單句改錯She advised me wearing my best clothes.答案：wearingto wear【經典例句】 I warned them that there might be snakes in the woods.我提醒他們樹林里可能有蛇。【考點聚焦】 warn的用法與advise相近,請看例句： He warned us against pickpockets.他告訴我們要小心扒手。（warn sb.against sth./doing sth.）We warned them not to go skating on such thin ice.我們告誡他們不要在這樣薄的冰上溜冰。They were warned of the danger of skating on such thin ice.有人警告他們,在這樣薄的冰上溜冰很危險。【巧記提示】 order(命令)older（年長的）【經典例句】 The chairman ordered silence.主席要大家安靜。【考點聚焦】 1）order作及物動詞時是“訂購；點菜”的意思。如：Would you like to order some more coffee？你要不要再來點咖啡?2）order作不及物動詞時,后面可以跟不定式。如：The policeman ordered the motorist to stop.警察指示讓那開車的人停車。3）order作名詞時,有一些固定的短語需要記憶,如：In order to catch the train,she hurried through her work.為了趕火車,她匆匆做完了她的工作。（in order to do sth.）【活學活用】 5.改寫句子,使上下兩句話的意思保持不變She hurried through her work so as to catch the train.She hurried through her work catch the train.答案：in order to【經典例句】 Dust covered the table.Snow covered the ground.灰塵布滿桌面,雪覆蓋了地面。【考點聚焦】 cover作“覆蓋”講時,常與with連用。如：She covered the table with a cloth.她用一塊布把桌子罩起來。【巧記提示】 hit(打)hot(熱)【經典例句】 The bullet hit him in the chest.子彈擊中了他的胸膛。【考點聚焦】 hit可以跟介詞against搭配使用。如：She hit her hand against the wall.她用手捶著墻壁。短語巧記典句考點try ones best to do sth.盡力做某事【經典例句】 Ive tried my best to make you see,theres hope beyond the pain.我已竭力使你明白,痛苦的彼岸就是希望。【考點聚焦】 try to do sth.與manage to do sth.的區別：try to do sth.指花費精力去做某事,但含有成功的可能性不大或者沒有成功的意思。manage to do sth.意思是“設法做到”,指花費精力使某事終于做成功,相當于succeed in dong sth.，常接不定式作賓語。如：One girl tried to call her mum with her mobile phone but there was no signal in the mountain area.一個女孩想用移動電話呼叫她的媽媽,但山區沒有信號。He managed to keep an earnest expression on his face even though he wanted to smile.盡管他想笑,可還是努力在臉上保持著一副真誠的樣子。句子剖析拓展I did not even know where I was.我甚至不知道我在哪里。【剖析】 這是一個由特殊疑問詞where引導的賓語從句。【拓展】 引導賓語從句的特殊疑問詞有：when,where,how,why,who,whom,whose,what,which等。如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句,就需用原來的疑問詞引導。如：Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告訴我我們今天下午將在哪兒開會嗎？I dont know who bought the present for me.Is it Jack?我不知道誰給我買了禮物。是杰克嗎？People ran wildly as pieces of glass and bricks fell down.當玻璃碎片和磚頭掉落時，人們瘋狂地到處亂跑。【剖析】 這是一個由as引導的時間狀語從句。【拓展】 as引導的時間狀語從句,常譯為“當的時候,一邊一邊”。在as引導的從句中可使用延續性動詞,也可使用非連續性動詞。如：He sang as he was working.他一邊工作一邊唱歌。As time goes by,we have a better understanding of things around us.隨著時間的推移,我們對自己周圍的事物有了更好的理解。語法剖析過去進行時概念過去進行時表示一個過去的動作發生時或發生后，另一個過去的動作正在進行，或表示過去反復的習慣，常與always,continually,constantly等動詞連用。如：We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.The sun was setting.過去進行時的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及其簡短回答形式如下：肯定句I was having dinner.You(We,They)were having dinner.He(She) was having dinner.否定句I was not having dinner.You(We,They)were not having dinner.He(She)was not having dinner.疑問句Was I having dinner?Were you (we,they)having dinner?Was he(she) having dinner?簡短回答Yes,I was.Yes,you(we,they)were.Yes,he(she) was.No,I was not.No,you(we,they) were not.No,he(she) was not.典題精講經典題型例1 all the passengers are here,why dont we start at once?A.As soon asB.AfterC.Now thatD.When思路解析：由后面句子的意思“為什么不立即出發呢？”可推斷前面的內容應該是“既然全部乘客都到了”,所以此題答案是C。黑色陷阱：這是一個原因狀語從句,如果誤以為是時間狀語從句就錯了。例2 Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see .A.who is heB.who he isC.who is itD.who it is思路解析：本題考查的是特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句,要用陳述語氣。又因為在口語中經常用it指代不明身份的人,所以此題答案是D。黑色陷阱：1)首先,看不到對方的人,跟電話中的說法類似：Who is that speaking?所以要用it,而不用he。從這一點可以判斷不能選A和B。2）從句中要用正常語序,所以原來獨立疑問句中的主謂倒置現象就不應該再出現（除非從句為直接引語）。從這一點可以判斷不能選A和C。例3 I was reading a newspaper he came in.A.as soon as B.sinceC.while D.when思路解析：最具迷惑性的選項是C,while和when都可以表示“當的時候”,但while后連接的動詞是可延續性動詞。比如這句話,如果改成：He came in while I was reading.也是完全可以的。此題答案是D。綠色通道：when和while引導的時間狀語從句的區別：1）when引導的時間狀語從句,既可表示某一點時間,也可以表示某一段時間,其謂語動詞可以是延續性的,也可以是非延續性的,可與主句中的謂語動詞同時發生,也可在其后發生。2）while只能表示某一段時間,不能表示某一點時間。在while引導的時間狀語從句中,其謂語動詞只能是延續性的,而且也只能與主句中的謂語動詞同時發生或存在。例4 Linda was just going out shopping the telephone rang.A.whileB.whenC.afterD.because 思路解析：句子的意思是“當琳達正要出去買東西的時候,電話響了”。可知道動作是同時發生的,所以不可以選擇C、D兩項。又因為ring是延續性動作,所以不可以選擇A。綠色通道：連詞：when,while,as它們都表示“當時候”。如果主句和從句的動作同時發生且都是進行時態,只用while,as；其他情況下when,while,as通用。如：When he came in,I was listening to the radio.他進來時,我正在聽收音機。As I was wandering in the street,I met her.我在大街上轉悠時,遇上了她。While/As I was watching TV,my mum was cooking in the kitchen.我在看電視的時候,媽媽在廚房做飯。例5 You should make a good plan you do anything important.A.beforeB.afterC.thoughD.until 思路解析：根據句子的意思“在你做任何重要事情之前,你最好作一個計劃”,根據句子的意思,可知道 A符合。綠色通道：連詞before,