初中英語動詞不定式動詞不定式是初中英語的語法重點之一，也是每年中考英語試題的考點之一。它是動詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數的變化，不能單獨作句子的謂語。其構成形式為to+動詞原形，to為動詞不定式的符號，本身無意義。動詞不定式具有兩大特點：1.具有動詞的特點，因此，后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語，構成動詞不定式短語。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點，可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等。下面以近幾年全國部分省市的中考英語試題為例，對不定式的難點以及它在中考英語中的考查點，作一簡要的總結和分析，供同學們學習時參考。一、動詞不定式作主語1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肅省)2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造這座立交橋將花費工人們一年多的時間。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀區)4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B簡析動詞不定式作主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容詞(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質;句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動作、行為的性質。二、動詞不定式作賓語1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D簡析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等動詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補足語時，則可以用it作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。三、動詞不定式作賓語補足語1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江蘇省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肅省)Key： 1. B 2. C簡析不定式可以用作賓語補足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。四、動詞不定式作狀語1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C簡析go， come， try， do / try ones best等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時，其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肅省)Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A簡析be +形容詞+ to do sth結構中的不定式作狀語，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (廣東省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. (廣東省)Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on簡析在上述too +形容詞/副詞(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足夠做)結構中，不定式作結果狀語。五、動詞不定式作定語1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山東省)Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D簡析不定式作定語時，常放在被修飾的詞語之后，與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關系或動賓關系;如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構成的短語動詞相當于及物動詞。六、不帶to的動詞不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陜西省)4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (貴州省)Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C簡析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官動詞和make， have， let等使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的不定式不帶to.但是在被動語態中，作主語補足語的不定式要帶to(let沒有被動語態)。2.在had better后面接不帶to的不定式。七、動詞不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didnt jump D. not jump (廣西壯族自治區)2. The old man told the child _ noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have， not beC. be， not to be D. be， not be (內蒙古自治區)Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C簡析動詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號to的前面加上not，如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動詞原形前面加上not.八、某些動詞后面接不定式和接動詞-ing形式的區別1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (廣西壯族自治區)2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所給單詞的正確形式填空)(四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking簡析一些常見的動詞后面接不定式和接動詞的-ing形式的區別如下：stop to do sth意為停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事，stop doing sth意為停止正在做的事：remember to do sth意為記住去做某事(事還未做)，remember doing sth意為記得做過某事(事已做)：go on to do sth意為接著做某事(做完一事，接著做另一事)，go on doing sth意為繼續做某事(一事未做完接著往下做)：forget to do sth意為忘了做某事(事還未做)，forget doing sth意為忘了曾做過某事(事已做)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龍江省)Key： 5. B 6. A簡析在see， hear， watch， feel等感官動詞后面可接不帶to的不定式，也可接動詞的-ing形式作賓語補足語，用不定式表示動作的全過程(動作已結束)，用動詞的-ing形式表示動作正在進行(動作尚未結束)。九、動詞不定式的省略及其符號to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. Id like to (浙江省)2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?_. What time are we going to meet?A. No, I cant B. Yes, Im gladC. Yes, Id love to D. Id like (大連市)Keys： 1. D 2. C簡析在口語中，動詞不定式中的動詞或短語動詞在上下文中重復出現時，第二個動詞不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。這種用法常見于be glad to，would like (love) to，have to等結構中。十、動詞不定式的被動式和其他形式The new hospital _ is near the factory.A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built (青海省)Key： D簡析當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者(賓語)時，用動詞不定式的被動式，即：to be +過去分詞;如果不定式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have +過去分詞;如果不定式表示的動作和謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生，用不定式的進行式，即：to be +現在分詞初中英語動詞不定式動詞不定式是由“不定式符號to+動詞原形”構成的一種非謂語動詞結構。有些動詞不定式不帶to，動詞不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、定語、補語、狀語或單獨使用。不定式保留動詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。動詞不定式和它后面的賓語、狀語等一起構成短語，叫作不定式短語?，F對九年級動詞不定式的用法作一次簡要梳理。一、用作主語直接把動詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語動詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語較長時。動詞不定式作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。帶疑問詞的不定式短語作主語常置于句首，復合不定式結構作主語常置于句末。如：1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge. (p.8)2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. (p.16)3.How to make requests politely is important.(p.93)二、用作表語動詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內容、性質、特征。如：1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. (p.7)2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. (p.96)三、用作賓語1.可以接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語的動詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望決定學習(expect, hope, decide, learn)，寧可假裝知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88)2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.(p.50)3)Id love to visit Mexico.(p.53)2.動詞decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介詞結構on.可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語，但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?(p.92)2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. (p.32)3.動詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語動詞不定式，句子結構是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. (p.98)4.既可接動詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓語，意思差別不太大的動詞有begin, start, like, love等。一般說來，動詞不定式表一次、數次的具體動作、將來動作或動作的全過程，ving形式表習慣性的連續動作。但是這種區別并不很嚴格，特別是美國英語，即使是習慣性的動作也可以用動詞不定式。如：1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.(p.6)2)Im beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. (p.116)begin用了進行時態，后面只接不定式作賓語，表示事情剛開始，還要繼續下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. (p.118)感知動詞like, love, know等一般不用進行時態。5.后接動詞不定式或ving形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動詞有forget, remember等。后接不定式作賓語，表動作尚未發生；后接ving形式作賓語，表動作已經發生。stop to do停下來做另外一件事，to do是目的狀語；stop doing停止做、不做當前這件事，doing是賓語。try to do盡力做，try doing試試看；go on to do接著做另外的事，go on doing繼續做原來的事。如：1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.(p.107)2)I stopped using them last year. (p.121)四、用作定語1.句子的主語或賓語是動詞不定式的邏輯主語，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動賓關系時，用動詞不定式的主動式。如：1)I have so many chores to do today.(p.112)2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. (p.31)3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.(p.75)2.動詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place, time, way等時，不定式與這些名詞呈現出動狀關系或同位關系。如：1)He needs time to do homework.(p.19)2)Is that a good place to hang out？(p.88)3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.(p.127)3.在“there be.”句型里，句子的主語是動詞不定式動作的對象，常用主動式。如：1)Theres just so much to see and do here.(p.49)2). but there are still many things to do there.(p.54)五、用作補語動詞不定式作補語時，在主動語態句里補賓語，在被動語態句里補主語，句子的賓語或主語是不定式動作的邏輯執行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的賓語或主語就是邏輯承受者。1.在主、被動語態句里用帶to的動詞不定式作補語的動詞主要有：要求允許提議(ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望邀請鼓勵(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教導告訴想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.(p.29)2)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. (p.18)3)Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.(p.101)2.動詞不定式作補語，在主動語態句里不帶to，被動語態句里帶to時多數動詞是感官動詞和使役動詞，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“讓”：have, let, make，二“聽”：hear, listen to，一“感覺”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：1)This picture makes me feel tense！(p.106)2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.(p.24)3.help后接動詞不定式作補語，to可帶可不帶。一般說來，帶to表間接幫助，不帶to表直接幫助。在被動語態句里，或者用不定式的否定式作補語時要帶to。如：1). they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.(p.106)2)Using email English helps you write quickly. (p.100)4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接帶to的動詞不定式作主語的補語。如：1)He doesnt seem to have many friends.(p.19)2)Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.(p.114)六、用作狀語1.目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時常表示強調。如：1)In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.(p.93)2)A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question. (p.50)to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的狀語，置句末時都可以用，置句首時只用to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首，可以引導結果狀語從句，in order to do不引導結果狀語從句。2.原因狀語，多見于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”結構句中。如：1)My dogs name is “Lucky”a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.(p.66)2)On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. (p.64)3.結果狀語，多見于“too.to”，“enough to.”結構句中。如：1)Then Im too tired to do well. What should I do?(p.28)2)The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.(p.56)4.有些動詞不定式作狀語，常說明前面形容詞的性質和特性。動詞不定式與句子的主語有邏輯的動賓關系。動詞不定式前面的形容詞一般是：cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary。不定式常用主動式表被動意義。. the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand.(p.116)這類句子中的動詞不定式可改為主語。5.獨立動詞不定式多用作插入語，表示說話人的心理狀態或對事情的看法。如：1)Id lik