4 動力裝置POWER PLANT4.1 航空發動機類型AERO-ENGINE TYPE噴氣式發動機jet engine空氣噴氣發動機aerojet engine渦輪發動機turbine engine渦輪噴氣發動機turbo jet engine渦輪風扇（渦扇）發動機turbo-fan engine燃氣渦輪發動機gas turbine engine軸流式渦輪噴氣發動機axial turbojet engine單轉子渦輪噴氣發動機single-spool turbo-jet engine雙轉子渦輪噴氣發動機two-spool turbo-jet engine單軸發動機single-shaft engine雙軸發動機two-shaft engine亞音速噴氣發動機subsonic jet engine安裝于機身的發動機fuselage-mounted engine安裝于機翼的發動機wing-mounted engine輔助動力裝置Auxiliary Power Unit APU4.2 發動機部件/系統ENGINE COMPONENT/SYSTEM4.2.1 發動機整流罩ENGINE COWLING短艙nacelle進氣道inlet 進氣錐inlet dome風扇段整流罩fan cowl風扇段艙門fan cowl door風扇管道整流罩fan duct cowl反推力裝置整流罩thrust reverser cowl固定整流罩fixed cowl可移動整流罩movable cowl反推力裝置外罩環T/R outer sleeve反推力裝置內罩環T/R inner sleeve后部發動機核心段整流罩aft engine core cowl噴管整流罩nozzle cowl主噴管primary nozzle風扇排氣噴管fan exhaust nozzle中心體centerbody4.2.2動力裝置相關術語和零/組件TERM AND PART/ASSY RELATIVE TO POWER PLANT推力thrust 單位推力specific thrust單位迎面推力thrust per frontal area推重比thrust to weight ratio耗油率,耗油量fuel consumption單位耗油率specific fuel consumption熱效率thermal efficiency推進效率propulsive efficiency總效率overall efficiency空氣流量airflow涵道比bypass ratio增壓比pressure ratio發動機特性engine characteristics設計點design point 非設計點off-design point速度特性velocity characteristics高度特性altitude characteristics節流特性throttle characteristics發動機加速性engine acceleration發動機減速性engine deceleration共同工作線operating line聲學處理acoustic treatment消聲壁板acoustic panel 聲學襯墊acoustic liner防冰anti-icing短艙防冰nacelle anti-icing進氣道防冰inlet anti-icing發動機起動engine start地面起動ground start空中起動air start熱起動hot start起動（轉速）懸掛hung start發動機工況engine operating condition / power rating最大起飛maximum take-off最大連續maximum continuous經濟巡航economic cruising靈活起飛flexible takeoff靈活減推起飛re-rated takeoff降低推力起飛derated takeoff復飛go around飛行慢車flight idle進近慢車approach idle反推慢車reverse idle著陸慢車landing idle風車windmill風車轉速windmill speed空中停車in-flight shutdown單發停車engine-out單發失效one engine inoperative喪失推力控制loss of thrust control手動功率儲備manual power reserve自動功率儲備automatic power reserve發動機engine當地發動機local engine對側發動機cross engine發動機壓力比engine pressure ratio發動機狀態，功率狀態engine rating發動機轉速engine speed每分鐘轉數rotations per minute核心機轉子轉速core rotor speed發動機熄火engine flameout發動機燃油控制開關engine fuel control switch發動機起動機控制開關engine starter control switch發動機接口控制組件engine interface control unit發動機狀態監控engine condition monitoring發動機振動監控engine vibration monitoring集成發動機振動監控integrated engine vibration monitoring發動機電子控制Engine Electronic Control EEC全權數字式發動機控制Full Authority Digital Engine Control FADEC自動起飛推力控制系統automatic takeoff thrust control system推力管理系統thrust management system起飛推力參數控制函數takeoff thrust parameters control function油門臺throttle control quadrant油門桿角度throttle lever angle, power lever angle超速保護overspeed protection隔離控制組件isolated control unit隔離控制活門isolated control valve在控通道in-control channel線性可變差動傳感器Linear Variable Differential Transformer LVDT旋轉可變差動傳感器Rotary Variable Differential Transformer RVDT永磁（交流）發電機Permanent Magnet Alternator PMA引氣活門bleed valve防火密封件fireseals渦流控制裝置Vortex Control Device VCD渦流發生器vortex generator阻氣門blocker door導流板deflector抗壓墊compression pad整流罩檢修門cowl access doors導軌track滑軌slider(反推）整流罩鎖cowl lock組合驅動發電機Integrated Driven Generator IDG發動機驅動泵engine driven pump發動機滑油箱/壓力釋放門 engine oil tank / pressure relief door空氣渦輪起動機air turbine starter起動機空氣排放管starter air discharge duct發電機冷卻空氣進口generator cooling air overboard port燃油計量組件fuel metering unit燃油計量活門fuel metering valve燃油低壓電門fuel low pressure switch燃油濾彈出旁通電門fuel filter impending bypass switch滑油注入口oil filler access滑油低壓電門oil low pressure switch滑油濾彈出旁通電門oil filter impending bypass switch滑油金屬屑探測電門oil chip detector switch齒輪箱gearbox附件齒輪箱accessory gearbox傳動附件齒輪箱transfer gearbox電阻式溫度設備resistance temperature device壓力調節關斷活門pressure-regulating shutoff valve高壓調節關斷活門high pressure-regulating shutoff valve整流罩吊點cowl sling point整流罩安全鎖cowl safety latch整流罩撐桿cowl support strut (rod)整流罩鉸鏈cowl hinge(整流罩)作動器鎖組件actuator lock assembly快卸銷quick release pin發動機短艙engine nacelle發動機吊掛engine pylon吊掛擋板pylon aprons發動機提升接頭hoist fitting發動機安裝架engine mount安裝螺栓mounting bolts安裝接頭attach fitting電氣導線electrical harness4.2.3 進氣道INLET進氣機匣inlet case軸對稱進氣道axisymmetric inlet亞音速進氣道subsonic inlet有中心整流錐體的進氣道central-body inlet收斂擴散形進氣道convergent-divergent inlet固定唇部的進氣道fixed-lip inlet低阻力進氣道low drag inlet二元進氣道two-dimensional inlet三元進氣道three-dimensional inlet自由流管面積free-stream tube area捕獲面積capture area預壓縮pre-compression總壓恢復系數total pressure recovery coefficient質量流量系數mass-flow coefficient壓力畸變pressure distortion工作狀態，工況operating condition喉道throat進口導向葉片Inlet Guide Vane IGV進氣道動態特征inlet dynamic characteristic進氣道唇口inlet lip進氣道與發動機匹配match of inlet and engine進氣道試驗inlet test4.2.4 壓氣機COMPRESSOR軸流式壓氣機axial-flow compressor渦輪驅動的壓氣機turbine-driven compressor單轉子壓氣機single-spool compressor單轉子軸向式壓氣機single-spool axial compressor雙轉子壓氣機twin-spool compressor雙轉子軸向式壓氣機twin-spool axial compressor高增壓比軸流式壓氣機high-pressure ratio axial-flow compressor高壓壓氣機high-pressure HP compressor中壓壓氣機intermediate-pressure IP compressor增壓級booster低壓壓氣機low-pressure LP compressor單級壓氣機single-stage compressor雙級壓氣機double-stage compressor三級壓氣機three-stage compressor多級壓氣機multiple-stage compressor低壓級壓氣機low-stage compressor高壓級壓氣機high-stage compressor燃氣渦輪壓氣機gas-turbine compressor噴氣發動機壓氣機jet-engine compressor雙軸壓氣機twin shaft compressor葉片式壓氣機vane compressor亞音速壓氣機subsonic compressor跨音速壓氣機transonic compressor壓氣機機匣compressor case (casing)壓氣機出口壓力compressor discharge pressure低壓系統LOW PRESSURE LP SYSTEM低壓機匣lower pressure case風扇fan風扇軸fan shaft風扇安裝盤fan disc (disk)風扇葉片fan blade風扇出口導向葉片fan outlet guide vane 風扇空氣活門fan air valve FAV風扇轉子轉速fan rotor speed風扇轉速配平fan speed trim中壓系統INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE IP SYSTEM增壓級壓氣機booster compressor增壓級轉子組件booster rotor assembly增壓級靜子組件booster stator assembly增壓級轉子葉片booster blade增壓級靜子葉片booster vane增壓級進口導向葉片booster inlet guide vane中壓壓氣機轉子IP compressor rotor中壓壓氣機靜子IP compressor stator高壓系統HIGH PRESSURE HP SYSTEM高壓壓氣機HP compressor壓氣機轉子compressor rotor鼓筒式轉子drum-type rotor盤式轉子disc-type rotor盤鼓式（混合式）轉子disc-drum rotors壓氣機靜子compressor stator壓氣機轉子葉片compressor rotor blade壓氣機靜子葉片（整流葉片）compressor stator vane可調進口導向葉片variable inlet guide vane靜子葉片vane可調靜子葉片variable stator vane固定靜子葉片stationary stator vane擴壓器diffuser放氣機構air bleed unit可調放氣活門variable bleed valve過渡放氣活門transient bleed valve壓氣機級compressor stage亞音級subsonic stage跨音級transonic stage超音級supersonic stage壓氣機空氣流量compressor air flow壓氣機效率compressor efficiency壓氣機增壓比pressure ratio of compressor軸流式壓氣機通道axial-flow compressor passage二元流two-dimensional flow三元流three-dimensional flow壓氣機特性compressor characteristic設計點與非設計點design point and off- design point旋轉失速rotating stall壓氣機喘振compressor surging壓氣機失速compressor stall喘振邊界surge limit喘振裕度surge margin機匣處理casing treatment壓氣機試驗compressor test試驗相似條件testing similar condition4.2.5 燃燒室COMBUSTION CHAMBER, COMBUSTOR分管燃燒室multiple combustion chamber環形燃燒室annular combustion chamber聯管燃燒室tube-annular combustion chamber混合燃燒室mixed combustion chamber管形燃燒室can-type combustion chamber筒環形燃燒室cannular combustion chamber空氣混合室air-mixing chamber渦輪噴氣發動機燃燒室turbojet combustion chamber渦輪風扇噴氣發動機燃燒室turbofan combustion chamber阻流式燃燒室baffle-type chamber定壓燃燒室constant-pressure combustor等溫燃燒室constant-temperature combustor高負荷燃燒室high loading combustor高壓環形燃燒室high pressure annular combustor燃氣發生器gas generator有效燃燒active combustion絕熱燃燒adiabatical combustion定壓燃燒constant-pressure combustion定容燃燒constant-volume combustion分散燃燒distributed combustion富油燃燒fuel-rich combustion高壓燃燒high-pressure combustion高速燃燒high-velocity combustion均勻燃燒homogeneous combustion理想燃燒ideal combustion不完全燃燒imperfect combustion, poor combustion起始燃燒initiating combustion瞬時燃燒instantaneous combustion反常燃燒irregular combustion等壓燃燒isobaric combustion不穩定燃燒nonsteady combustion不持續燃燒nonsustaining combustion正常燃燒，充分燃燒normal combustion富氧化劑燃燒oxidizer-rich combustion局部燃燒partial combustion完全燃燒perfect combustion延遲燃燒retarded combustion定常流燃燒steady-flow combustion亞音速燃燒subsonic combustion表面燃燒surface combustion持續燃燒sustained combustion燃燒理論combustion theory燃燒效率combustion efficiency總壓恢復系數coefficient of total pressure recovery阻力系數drag coefficient擴壓器效率diffuser efficiency靜壓恢復系數coefficient of static pressure recovery熱損失heat loss低熱值low calorific value余氣系數excess air coefficient油氣比fuel-air ratio加溫比temperature ratio出口溫度分布exit temperature distribution出口溫度分布系數exit temperature distribution coefficient點火特性ignition characteristic點火能量ignition energy點火時間ignition time點火延遲ignition delay停留時間residence time火焰傳播速度flame velocity熄火特性blowout characteristic燃燒產物combustion product排氣發散exhaust emission過渡區intermediate zone摻混區dilution zone流量系數discharge coefficient燃燒室壁溫combustor wall temperature燃燒室冷卻combustor cooling燃燒室機匣combustor casing燃燒室外機匣combustor outer casing擴壓器diffuser火焰筒flame tube, burner 氣膜冷卻式火焰筒film-cooled flame tube發汗冷卻式火焰筒sweat-cooled flame tube4.2.6 渦輪TURBINE軸流式渦輪axial-flow turbine單級渦輪single-stage turbine兩級渦輪two-stage turbine三級渦輪three-stage turbine多級渦輪multistage turbine亞音速渦輪subsonic turbine跨音速渦輪transonic turbine高壓渦輪High Pressure Turbine HPT中壓渦輪Intermediate Pressure Turbine IPT低壓渦輪Low Pressure Turbine LPT燃氣渦輪gas turbine空氣驅動渦輪air-driven turbine沖壓空氣渦輪Ram Air Turbine RAT渦輪外機匣turbine outer case渦輪導向葉片turbine guide vanes渦輪轉子turbine rotor渦輪軸turbine shaft渦輪轉子葉片turbine rotor blades渦輪靜子葉片（導向葉片）turbine stator vanes, (nozzle guide vane)渦輪靜子turbine stator葉片blade, vane導向葉片guide vane渦輪進口溫度turbine inlet gas temperature渦輪級間溫度Interstage Turbine Temperature ITT高壓渦輪主動間隙控制high pressure turbine active clearance control低壓渦輪主動間隙控制low pressure turbine active clearance control渦輪效率turbine efficiency高溫渦輪試驗high temperature turbine test渦輪葉片冷卻效果試驗cooling effectiveness test of turbine blade全尺寸渦輪試驗full size turbine test4.2.7 發動機排氣系統ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEM風扇排氣fan exhaust渦輪排氣turbine exhaust渦輪排氣整流錐turbine exhaust cone (plug)尾噴管tailpipe nozzle排氣管exhaust pipe亞音速噴管subsonic nozzle消音噴管sound-suppression nozzle反推(力）裝置thrust reverser T/R靶式反推裝置target-type thrust reverser門式反推裝置door-type thrust reverser葉柵式反推裝置cascade-type thrust reverser風扇函道反推裝置fan thrust reverser內函道反推裝置turbin