中國地質大學長城學院 本科 畢業論文外文資料翻譯 系 別 ： 工程技術系 專 業： 機械設計制造及其自動化 姓 名： 郝曉蒂 學 號： 05211429 2015年 4 月 3 日 中國地質大學長城學院本科畢業設計外文翻譯 History Of The Snowblower So who did invent the snowblower or snowthrower? We need to begin by qualifying that question since there are a number of answers depending on your interest. Some notable firsts would be: The first machine to clear snow by throwing or blowing it The first fully mobile snow clearing machine? The first domestic walk-behind snow blower The latter is the one people generally think of and have the most interest in. It is also the one that has the most elusive answer. Chapter 1 So where did it all begin? Looking back in time we need to consider where would there be a need to remove snow while having a source of power available? The need and the enabling power were found on the railways of the U.S. snowbelt and in Canada. The earliest documented art belongs to a Toronto dentist known as J/W Elliot. His 1869 patent #390 design was never built. The story next takes us to Orangeville Ontario, Canada where we find Orange Jull, a gristmill operator and inventor. In 1884 he applied for a patent and was subsequently granted patent #18506. Jull did not have the means to build and commercialize his invention so he contracted the local Leslie brothers to build the machines. The Jull/Leslie machines were self powered but not self propelled. A locomotive was used to move the machine. The Jull design consisted of 2 large inline fans rotating in opposite directions. The lead fan chewed into and pulverized the snow while blowing it back into the discharge fan, which propelled it into the sky. Due to clogging problems it was simplified to a single fan. Further changes to effectively control the discharge were made including a movable deflector and pitching impeller blades. Production was moved to the Cook locomotive works in several locations. Additional machines were built under license. Finally 5 machines were home built by end users with the last one finished in 1971. In all 146 were built. Later work consisted of fortifying the design to deal with the hazards of the unknown. Tracks were often blocked with fallen trees and other debris that were concealed in the snow. Legend has it that in one case a herd of cattle were trapped and buried under the snow on the rail bed. As the rotary snowplow progressed forward beefsteaks were flying. They remained in production into the 1950s and a few are still in service today. Many survive as museum pieces with an occasional demonstration. Following his collaboration with the Leslie Brothers Orange Jull went on to create a next generation machine. This design utilized a screw auger to collect the snow. It was not as effective, 中國地質大學長城學院本科畢業設計外文翻譯 especially in deep snow and only eleven were ever built. Sadly all have been scrapped. All of the available photos and drawings of these machines are on enthusiasts sites where they are best viewed. A Google search using Jull snowblower as keywords will deliver hours of reading and nostalgia. On You-tube you may be able to find The Return of Rotary #1 . A search for rotary snowplow found this video. Chapter 2 Our next installment finds Arthur Sicard, circa 1894, an 18 year old working on the family dairy farm in Saint-Leonard-de-Port-Maurice, Quebec. Snowstorms being frequent and dairy products being perishable motivated him to find a better snow removal means. Motivation found inspiration one day when he saw a new piece of farm machinery called the thresher. If this machine could gather grain perhaps he could use the design to gather and move snow. It wasnt long before he had built and tested his first prototype however it bogged down in snow. His notion was dismissed by those around him and he went on unsupported in his pursuit. He went on to make a life for himself in Montreal until finally in 1925, 31 years later he astonished the people of that city with his Sicard Snow Remover Snowblower. The first sale was to the nearby town of Outremont, in 1927. The Sicard name has been synonymous with large snowblowers ever since. My hometown had a Sicard unit mounted to an old Michigan front end loader for several decades. Chapter 3 The curious question then becomes when did the walk behind domestic snowblower emerge? The Toro website makes the claim that Toro introduced the first snowthrower, the Snowhound in 1951. Ariens entered snow moving the market in 1952 with an attachment for its Yardster series. The Ariens Sno-Thro series was launched in 1960. Simplicty followed in 1962. The earliest confirmed Gilson dates back to 1966. Meanwhile dozens of others launched product lines.This of course is in the context of domestic walk-behind units. If you have an early machine Id appreciate a picture and brief story. Of all of the archival material I have amassed nothing points to an earlier machine. The 1951 Toro was not the driveway behemoth than many of us use today as can be seen in the photo. In my Vintage Machine Showcase you can get a sense of the diversity found in the early machines and a search of patents will reveal even more radical designs. Machines of modern proportions began to emerge in the 1960s. The small-scale brands slowly disappeared and most were gone by the 1980s. The Gilson snow blower line launched in 1966. The full sized gear drives continued to evolve through the decade and with the introduction of the Unitrol machines in 1970 Gilson had 2 full size formats that evolved into the 1980s. The small Gilson single stage models were discontinued after the 1970 model year. 中國地質大學長城學院本科畢業設計外文翻譯 Just as the small scale models were fading away the industry was turned on its head with the introduction of personal sized 2 stroke machines. The models were easy to handle, store and pay for. They pack enough power to handle a significant storm if you are patient enough to let it eat the elephant one bite at a time. Gilson was an early player with some patent action and the Snow-Cannon was a hit. Horsepower grew over the years. Early machines were in the 3-4 horsepower range. In 1970 8HP was the big machine. By 1980 most brands included a 10 or even 11 HP machine. Today 13 HP models easy to find. The 21st century brought power accessories. Manufacturers are offering heated handles, motorized chute rotators and you can find machines that have onboard battery power to allow electric starting when away from household power. While engine powered lighting is nothing new it is becoming far more common. The other big story is consolidation. Where there used to be scores of suppliers there are now essentially 7. Promotional grade machines (Im being kind here) are made by MTD, Murray and AYP. Quality machine are built by Simplicity, Ariens, Toro and Honda. Virtually any machine you can find on the market, regardless of the brand is from one of these sources. The exceptions as small players such as attachments for BCS tillers. The age of the mass merchandiser has forced everyone to slash cost in pursuit of market share. The quality brands often sell machines in several tiers with one targeted at the promotional grade competition. What do the coming decades hold for snowblower users? The market moves slowly. While nearly every homeowner owns a lawn mower the snowblower market is confined to the snowbelt region and many property owners choose not to own such a machine. That being said it is a small piece of the pie that has a hard time attracting R&D money. The basic concepts have been quite stable for along time. Ecology has been a big driver of engine refinements and this is likely to continue. Much of the recent work has been value engineering with most of the benefit going to the manufacturers. The brute strength built into the machines of yesteryear is gone forever. We can only hope that future machines will not be overburdened with fragile accessories. Other than that we will all have to wait and see what blows in the future. 中國地質大學長城學院本科畢業設計外文翻譯 掃雪機的歷史 所以誰發明了 掃 雪機？我們需要開始的排位賽，因為有許多問題的答案取決于你的興趣。一些值得注意的第一次 是 ： 第一臺通過投擲或吹雪清除雪的機器 什么是第一個完全移動清理雪的機器 ? 第一個國內手動除雪機 后者通常是人們最感興趣的一個，但是也是最難回答的一個。 第 1 章 那么這一切在哪里開始 ?回首往事時我們需要考慮在哪里有需要清除雪雖然有一個電源可用 ?這種需要和力量在美國多雪地帶和在加拿大的 鐵路被發現。最早的記載藝術屬于一個叫 J / W 埃利奧特的多倫多牙醫。他 1869 年專利 390 號設計從來沒有建造。 接下來的故事發生在加拿大，奧蘭治維爾安大略，是發現 Orange Jull 的地方。 Orange Jull 是磨坊的操作員和發明者。 1884 年他申請了專利，隨后被授予專利 18506 號。 Jull沒有建立和推廣他的發明，他承包了當地的萊斯利兄弟建造機器的裝置。 Jull/萊斯利機器可以自行供電但是卻不能自己行走。所以利用火車頭來移動機器。Jull 設計有兩大內聯風扇在相反的方向旋轉。風扇將雪粉碎成沫，再經由排 風扇將其吹向天空。由于堵塞問題，所以將風扇簡化成單扇。為了有效地控制放電，將其進一步改變成一個可移動的偏轉和俯仰葉輪葉片。產品被轉移到幾個做機車廠的地方。額外的機器是建立在許可證下。最后 5 臺“家庭建設”是在 1971 年通過最終用戶的最后一個完成的。一共共建造 146 臺機器。 接下來的工作是設計處理未知的危險。通常是阻止倒下的樹木和其他隱藏在雪地里的碎片。傳說，有一次牛群被困，埋在雪下的床身導軌。旋轉掃雪機前進過程中，牛排是飛行的。它們一直生產到上個世紀 50 年代，有一些甚至用到了今天。還有一些偶爾展示在博物館。 與萊斯利兄弟合作后 Orange Jull 繼續創建了下一代機器。這次設計利用了螺旋鉆來收集雪。但不是很有效，尤其是在積雪厚只有 11 厘米的地方，所以很遺憾的都被取消了。 在圖紙愛好者網站上這些所有可用的圖片和繪畫是這些機器最好的歸宿。在谷歌上輸入 Jull 掃雪機的關鍵字，那么你將花費幾個小時的時間閱讀和懷舊。在 You-tube 上，你可以找到“扶輪 1 號的回歸”相關話題，還可以搜索發現“旋轉掃雪機”的視頻。 第 2 章 大約在 1894 年，我們進一步的發現 亞瑟西卡德，一個 18 歲在圣倫納德的毛里斯港的家庭農場努力工作。暴風雪的頻繁發生和奶制品的腐爛使他找到了一個更好地除雪動力裝置。 中國地質大學長城學院本科畢業設計外文翻譯 這個動機的靈感來自于，有一天他發現一個叫做脫粒機的農場機械。如果這種機器可以收集糧食，那么或許他可以利用這種設計來收集和清除雪。不久之后，他完成了他的第一個原型，并進行測試，然而機器卻陷在雪里。他的觀點沒有被周圍的人理解，他的追求人們并不支持。他獨自一人前往蒙特利爾生活，一直到 1925 年， 31 年后，他發明的“西卡德除雪機”令那些城市的人感到驚訝。他第一次賣出掃雪機，是在 1927 年， 賣到了附近的外山鎮。 西卡德的名字因此成為了大型除雪機的代名詞。我的家鄉有一個西卡德機器安裝到了舊密歇根，使用了幾十年。 第 3 章 人們好奇的問題變成了國內可以行走的除雪機是什么時候發明的？托羅網站上說第一臺行走掃雪機是托羅在 1951 年提出的。這種機器和其附件 Yardster 系列在 1952 年進入掃雪機市場。該產品的 Sno-Thro 系列在 1960 年問世。 Simplicty 也在 1962 年緊隨其后生產出來。這最早的確認的 Gilson 產品要追溯到