生物制藥專業英語詞匯手冊生命科學學院2009年2月Aabsolute lethal dose; LD100絕對致死劑量absorption rate constant吸收速率常數accelerated testing加速試驗acetylcholinesterase乙酰膽堿酯酶acetylcholine乙酰膽堿acrylic acid resin丙烯酸樹酯activation激活作用activator激活劑active targeting preparation主動靶向制劑acute toxicity test急性毒性實驗additive effect累加效應additive附加劑adenosine phosphate腺苷磷酸adhersive strength粘附力adhesion粘附性adhesives粘合劑adjuvant佐劑adrenergic nerve腎上腺素能神經adrenergic receptor腎上腺素能受體adverse reaction不良反應aerogel氣凝膠aerosil微粉硅膠aerosol of micropowders for inspiration吸入粉霧劑aethylis oleas油酸乙酯agglomerate聚結物aggregation聚集air suspension空氣懸浮法albumin microballoons白蛋白微球制劑alkaloid生物堿alkalosis;alkali-poisoning堿中毒allergy; allergic reaction變態反應allotted date of drug quality ensuring by manufacturer藥品負責期all-trans全反式alterntae addition method兩相交替加入法amebocyte lysate變形細胞溶解物amorphous forms無定型anaphylactic drug reaction過敏性藥物反應anaphylatoxin過敏毒素anatoxin;toxoid類毒素angle of repose休止角antagonism拮抗作用antiadherent抗粘劑antibacterial spectrum抗菌譜antibody抗體antigen抗原antioxidants抗氧劑antipode對映體antisepesis防腐antiserum抗血清antitoxin抗毒素apparent solubility表現溶解度aprotinin抑酞酶aromatic compound芳族化合物aromatic waters芳香水劑Arrhenius 方程阿侖尼烏斯方程artificial antigen人工合成抗原artificial immunization人工免疫aseptic technique無菌操作法astringent收斂藥autoimmunity自身免疫Bbactericidal activity殺菌活性bactericidal effect殺菌作用bacteriophage噬菌體bacteriostatic activity抑菌活性bactriostasis抑菌作用ball mill球磨機base adsorption基質吸附率bases基質beeswax蜂蠟bending彎曲力bioavailability生物利用度bioavailability生物利用度biochemical approach生物學方法biochemistry生物化學biogenic amine生物胺biological half life生物半衰期biological product生物制品biometrics;biometry生物統計學biopharmacy生物藥劑學blood coagulation血液凝固blood concentration血藥濃度blood products血液制品blood volume expander血容量擴充劑blood-cerebral barrier血腦屏障body fluid體液body surface area體表面積bound water結合水分breakage (Bk)脆碎度broad-spectrum antibiotic廣譜抗生素bulk density松密度、堆密度burst effect突釋效應Ccaking結餅capillary state毛細管狀capsules膠囊劑carcinogenic test致癌實驗carcinogen致癌物carrier載體catecholamine兒茶酚胺CD圓二色譜法cellular immunity細胞免疫cellulose acetate (CA)醋酸纖維素chelating agent螯合劑chemical analysis化學分析chemical disinfection化學消毒法chemical physics化學物理學chemotherapy化學藥物治療chewable tablets咀嚼片chiral drug手性藥物Chitosan殼聚糖chlinical pharmacy臨床藥學cholinesterase膽堿酯酶chronaxia;chronaxy時值chronic toxicity test; long term toxicity test慢性毒性實驗chronopathology時辰病理學chronopharmacology時辰藥理學chronosusceptability時間感受性chronotherapy時間治療cipher prescription協定處方Clausius-Clapeyron方程克勞修斯克拉珀龍方程clinical pharmaceutics臨床藥劑學clinical pharmacology臨床藥理學cloud point對聚氧乙烯型非離子表面活性劑CMC-Na羧甲基纖維素納CMS-Na羧甲基淀粉鈉coagulation聚沉coated tablets包衣片coating material表材cocoa butter可可豆脂coefficient of diffusion擴散系數coenzyme輔酶cohesion凝聚性、粘著性cohesive strength內聚力cold compression method汽壓法cold-homogenization冷卻一勻化法cold-storage冷藏colon-targeted capsules結腸靶向膠囊劑compactibility成形性complement system補體系統complement補體complete antigen完全抗原complex coacervation復凝聚法complex solubilizer助溶劑compliance順應性compressed tablets普通片compressibility壓縮度compressibility壓縮性compression壓縮力compressive work壓縮功concentration濃度cone and plate viscometer圓椎平板粘度計consistency curve稠度曲線content uniformity含量均勻度controllability可控性controlled release preparation控釋制劑controlled release tablets控釋片controlled-release preparation控釋制劑convective mixing對流混合convective transport傳遞透過coordination number配位數core material表心物cosolvency潛溶cosolvent潛溶劑coulter counter method庫爾特計數法count basis個數基準covalent bond共價鍵cracemization外消旋作用critical relative humidity（CRH）臨界相對濕度critical velocity臨界速度crude drugs; natural drugs天然藥物crude drugs生藥crushing粉碎crystal form晶型crystal habit晶態、晶癖、結晶習性cumulative size distribution累積分布cumulative urinary excretion curves累積尿排泄曲線cutting剪切力cyclodextrin (CYD)環糊精cylinder model圓栓體模型cytotoxic hexitols己糖醇細胞毒劑cytotoxicity細胞素Ddecoction湯劑degree of circularity圓形度degree of sphericility球形度delipidization角質層去脂質化desiccant; drying agent干燥劑detoxication解毒作用dextrin糊精dextrorotatory form右旋體dextrose右旋糖dialysis cell method滲析池法dicetyl phosphate磷酸二鯨蠟脂dielectric constant介電常數differential scanning calorimetryDSC差示掃描顯熱法Differential thermal analysisDTA差示熱分析法diffusion擴散diffusive mixing擴散混合dilatant flow脹性流動diluents稀釋劑、填充劑dimethicone (silicones)二甲基硅油、硅油、硅酮directed pharmaceutical preparations定向藥物制劑discontinuous sterilization間歇滅菌法disinfection消毒disintegrants崩解劑disintegration崩解度disk assemble method圓盤法dispensing pharmacy調劑學disperse medium分散介質disperse phase分散相disperse system分散體系dispersed phase分散相、內相、非連續相dispersible tablets分散片displacement value (DV)置換價dissolution; dissolving溶解distilled water蒸餾水DLVO理論引力勢能與斥力勢能DME二甲醚DMSO二甲基亞礬dosage form劑型dosage regimen or dose rate給藥方案或給藥速度dosage; dose劑量dose or concentration dependency劑量或濃度的依存性dosing interval給藥間隔double-blind technique雙盲法drop dentifrices滴牙劑drug absorption藥物吸收drug accumulation藥物蓄積drug administration law藥品管理法drug batch number藥品批號drug carrier藥物載體drug combination合并用藥drug distribution藥物分布drug elimination藥物消除drug excretion藥物排泄drug interaction藥物相互作用drug metablic enzyme藥物代謝酶drug metabolism藥物代謝drug reaction藥物反應drug sensitive test藥敏試驗Drug Standard of Ministry of Public Health of the Peoples Republic of China中華人民共和國衛生部藥品標準drug standard藥品質量標準drug tolerance耐藥性drug-induced diseases藥源性疾病drug-loading rate載藥量drug-time curve藥時曲線dry bulb temperature干球溫度dumping effect突釋效應Eear drops滴耳劑effective concentration有效濃度effective halt有效半衰期effective rate有效率effectiveness有效性effector效應器effector效應物effect效應effervescent disintegrants泡騰崩解劑effervescent tablets泡騰片elastic deformation彈性變形elastic recovery (ER)彈性復原率elastic work彈性功elasticity彈性electrolyte電解質electrolyzation電解electroporesis電致孔法electuary煎膏劑elimination rate constant消除速率常數emulsifer in water method水中乳化劑法、濕膠法emulsifier in oil method油中乳化劑法、干膠法emulsions乳劑emulsion普通乳enamine烯胺endocytosis內呑endotoxin內毒素enteric coated tablets腸溶衣片enteric coating腸溶衣enteric controlled release tablets腸溶控釋片enterohepatic circulation腸肝循環entrapment rate包封率environmental pharmacology環境藥理學epidermis表皮epimerization差向異構作用equilibrium solubility平衡溶解度equilibrium water平衡水分essential aminoacid必需氨基酸essential drugs基本藥物essential fatty acid必需脂肪酸ethical (prescription) drug處方藥ethnopharmacology人種藥理學ethycellulose (EC)乙基纖維素etiological treatment對因治療evaporation蒸發excipients輔料excitability興奮性exotoxin外毒素expiry date; date of expiration藥品有效期external phase分散介質、外相、連續相extracts浸膏劑extravascular administration血管外給藥eye drop滴眼劑eye ointments眼膏劑Ffactorial design析因設計fatal dose; lethal dose致死量fatty oils脂肪油fermentation發酵fillers填充劑film coated tablets薄膜衣片film dispersion method薄分散法film-coating薄膜衣films膜劑filter aid助濾劑filtration過濾first pass effect of hepar肝首過效應first-pass effect首過效應fliud extracts流浸膏劑flocculation value絮凝度flocculation絮凝flow curve流動曲線flow velocity流出速度flowability流動性fluid-energy mills流能磨、氣流式粉碎機fluidity buffer流動性緩沖劑fluidized bed coating流化床包衣法free water自由水分freely movable liquid自由流動液體freezing; refrigeration冷凍frequency size distribution頻率分布funicular state索帶狀fusion融合Ggas analysis氣體分析gas permeability method氣體透過法GCP藥物臨床試驗管理規范gelatin glycerin甘油脛膠gelatinization糊化gelatin明膠general acid-base catalysis廣義酸堿催化Geneva nomenclature日內瓦命名法geometric diameter幾何學粒子徑geometric isomerization幾何異構ghost cell影細胞glidants助流劑GLP藥物非臨床研究管理規范gluconeogenesis糖異生作用glycerins甘油劑glyceryl monostearate硬脂酸、甘油酯glycolic acid羥基乙酸glycolysis酵解GMP藥品生產質量管理規范granule density顆粒密度granules顆粒劑growth curve生長曲線guest molecules客分子Hhalf lethal dose ; median lethal dose; LD50半數致死劑量half-life period; half life time半衰期halogenide鹵化物haptene半抗原hard capsules硬膠囊劑hardness硬度hemolysis溶血histamine組胺holonzyme and prosthetic group全酶與輔基hormone激素host molecules主分子humidity濕度humoral immunity體液免疫hydration of stratum corneum角質層的水化作用hydrogel水性凝膠hydrolysis水解（作用）hydrophile-lipophile balance親水親油平衡值hydrotropy agent助溶劑hydrotropy助溶hydroxypropyl methylcellulose羥丙甲纖維素hygroscopicity吸濕性hyperreactivity高敏性hypodermic tablets皮下注射用片IIDDS植入給藥系統IEC離子交換色譜法IEF等電點聚焦immobile liquid不可流動液體immunoenhancement免疫增強劑immunogenicity免疫原性immunosuppressant;immuno inhibitor免疫抑制劑impact mill沖擊式粉碎機impact沖擊力implant tablets植入片implants埋植劑inclusion compound包含物incomplete antigen不完全抗原indirect carcinogenesis間接致癌individual differences; individual variation個體差異性industrial pharmacy工業藥劑學infusion solution輸液inhalation吸入法injection注射液in-liquid drying液中干燥法（乳化溶劑揮發法）innocuity test method安全試驗法interface polycondensation界面縮聚法intermediate中間體intoxication; poisoning中毒intra-arterial route動脈內注射intracorporal process of drugs藥物的體內過程intradermal (ID) route皮內注射intramuscular (IM) route肌肉注射intrathecal injection鞘內注射intravascular administration血管內給藥intravenous (IV) route靜脈注射intrinsic dissolution rate特性溶出速率inverse targeting反向靶向iontophoresis離子滲透法IR紅外光譜isoclectric focusingIEF等電點聚焦isomerase異構酶isoosmotic solution等滲溶液isotonic solution等張溶液isotope同位素Llag time時滯large unilamellar vesicles大單室脂質體least significant difference最小顯著差數length basis長度基準levorotatory form左旋體levulose左旋糖light quantum光量子limit date of using a drug after its production藥品使用期Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay for endotoxin內毒素鱟試劑測定法limulus lysate test鱟試驗法linear correlation直線相關liniments搽劑liposome脂質體liquid immersion method液浸法liquid injection無針液體注射器liquid paraffin液體石碏long term toxicity test長期毒性實驗long-circulating liposomes長循環脂質體long-term testing長期試驗lotions洗劑low density lipoprotein低密度脂蛋白lubricants潤滑劑lysozyme溶菌酶Mmacromolecule大分子magnetic controlled release dosage form磁性控釋制劑magnetic medicinal preparations磁性藥物制劑martin diameter定方向等分徑mass basis質量基準matrix type骨架型maxial noneffective dose; EDO最大無作用劑量maximal tolerable dose; LDO最大耐受劑量maximum additive concentrationMAC最大增溶濃度mechanical interlocking bonds粒子間機械鑲嵌mediator; transmitter; medium介質medical colloidal solution膠體溶液型藥劑medicinal liquor酒劑melt-homogenization熔融勻化法membrane wall表膜壁殼membrane-moderated type TTS膜控釋型TTSmesomer內消旋體methyl acrylate-methacrylate co甲基丙烯酸-丙烯酸甲酯micellar emulsion膠團乳micelle膠束microcapsules微表microemulsion微乳microencapsulation微型包表術、微表化micromeritics粉體學microreservoir-type TTS微貯庫型microscropic method顯微鏡法microsomal enzyme微粒體酶Microspheres微球microstreaming超微束minimal effective dose最小有效量minimal lethal dose;MLD最小致死劑量minitablet小片mixture合劑moistening agent潤濕劑moisture absorption吸濕性mol fraction concentration摩爾分數濃度molar volume;mole volume摩爾分子體積molarity摩爾濃度molecular biology分子生物學molecular capsules分子囊molecular disease分子病molecular pharmacology分子藥理學molecular solution分子溶液mole摩爾monoclonal antibody單克隆抗體multifunctional enzyme多功能酶multilamellar vesicles多寶脂質體multilayer tablets多層片multiorfice-centrifugal process多孔離心法multiple dose administration多劑量給藥mutation突變Nnacent soap method新生皂法nanocapsules納米囊nanoemulsion納米乳nanoliposomes納米脂質體nanospheres納米球naonparticle納米粒nasal drops滴鼻劑natural antibody天然抗體natural antigen天然抗原natural immunity天然免疫neurotoxin神經毒素newtonian equation牛頓粘度定律newtonian fluid牛頓流體niosomes類脂質體，泡囊nitrite poisoning亞硝酸鹽中毒nonbound water非結合水分nondepolarizer非去極化型肌松藥non-essential amino acid非必需氨基酸nonionic surfactant vesicles非離子表面活性劑囊泡non-Newtonian fluid非牛頓流體nonprescription drug非處方藥nucleation theory成核作用理論nucleotide核苷酸nutrient營養素Oocular inserts眼用膜劑official formula法定處方ointments軟膏劑oligosaccharides低聚糖opitical isomerization光學異構oral administration口腔內給藥ORD旋光色散orthologonal design區交設計osmotic pressure滲透壓OSSDDS口服定位釋藥系統over the counter (OTC)非處方藥oversize distribution篩上分布Ppacking fraction充填章paints涂劑paints涂膜劑pan coating鍋包衣法paraffin石蠟particle size distribution粒度分布partition coefficient (P)分配系數parts per billion concentration PPB濃度parts per hundred concentration PPH濃度parts per hundred million concentration pphm濃度parts per million concentration ppm濃度passive immunity被動免疫passive targeting preparation被動靶向制劑passive transport被動轉運peak concentration of drug藥峰濃度peak time of drug藥峰時間pendular state鐘擺狀penetration enhancers穿透促進劑penetration enhancers經皮吸收促進劑percentage concentration百分濃度phagocytosis吞噬作用pharmaceutical analysis藥物分析pharmaceutical chemistry制藥化學pharmaceutical engineering制劑學pharmaceutical equivalence藥劑等效性pharmaceutical manufacturing制劑pharmaceutical preparation藥物制劑pharmaceutics藥劑學pharmacia淀粉微球pharmacodynamics藥效動力學pharmacogenetics藥物遺傳學pharmacokinetics model藥物動力學模型pharmacokinetics藥物動力學pharmacological availability藥理利用度pharmacology藥理學phase inversion critical point轉相臨界點phase separation相分離法（物理化學法）phase transition temperature相轉變濕度phase volume ratio相比phonophoresis超聲波法photodegradation光化降解physical dependence身體依賴性physical pharmaceutics物理藥劑學pill滴丸劑placebo安慰劑plasma protein binding ratio血漿蛋白結合率plasma substitute血漿代用液plasma血漿plaster硬膏劑plastic deformation塑性變形plastic viscosity塑性粘度plastisity塑性polymerization聚合polymers in pharmaceutics藥用高分子材料學polymorphism多晶型polyose多糖polypeptide多肽porosity空隙率potency unit效價單位potency效價potency效價強度powder injection無針粉未注射器powders散劑powerful drug劇藥preformulation處方前工作pregelatinized starch淀粉、預膠化淀粉、可壓性淀粉preparation制劑prescription;recipe處方preservative防腐劑pressure sensitive adhersive壓敏膠pressure-sensitive tape council剝離實驗prickle cell layer棘層primary particle一級粒子prodrug前體藥物proenzyme酶原prohormone激素原prolonged action preparation長效制劑propellents拋射劑propylene glycol丙二醇prosthetic group輔基pseudo steady state偽穩態pseudoplastic flow假塑性流動psychic dependence精神依賴性pulsed/pulsatile release脈沖釋藥pycnometer比重瓶pyrogen熱原Qquantum pharmacology量子藥理學quasi-viscous flow假粘性流動Rraceme外消旋體racemization外消旋化作用radiopharmaceutics放射藥劑學radiotoxicology放射毒理學raman拉曼random floc不規則絮凝物rate of shear剪切速度、切速率、速度梯度receptor antagonist受體拮抗劑receptor stimulant受體激動劑receptor感受器receptor受體rectal administration直腸給藥relative dosage interval相對給藥間隔relative humidity (RH)相對濕度resistance to drugs抗藥性response surface methodology效應面優化法restrictive holagogue限制性劇藥retardants阻滯劑reverse osmosis反滲透rheology流變學ribonucleic acid; RNA核糖核酸rolling ball tack test滾球試驗RP-HPLC反相高效液相色潽法rubbing研磨力Ssafety coefficient安全系統safety range安全范圍safety安全性safflower藏紅花油saponins皂甙saturated solution飽和溶液second particle二級粒子sedimentation method沉降法sedimentation rate沉降容積比selectivity選擇性self-adjusted system自調式釋藥系統semi-logarithmic curve of drug-time藥時半對數曲線semisynthetic antibiotics半合成抗生素SEM掃描電鏡sensitivity敏感性sensitization test致敏試驗sensitization敏化作用sensitization致敏作用sequential design序貫設計serum血清settling velocity diameter有效徑shape factor形狀系數shear mixing剪切混合shearing force剪切應力、剪切力、切力short term carcinogenic test短期致癌實驗side effect副作用sieving diameterDa，篩分徑sieving method篩分法simple coacervation單凝聚法simplex method單純形優化法single unilamellar vesicles小單室脂質體sink condition漏槽skin and mucocutaneous administration皮膚、粘膜表面給藥slow pathway慢通道soft capsules軟膠囊劑soft paraffin軟石蠟solid bridges粒子間固體橋solid lipid nanospheres (SLN)固體脂質納米粒solubility parameter溶解度參數solubility溶解度solubilization增溶solubilizer增溶劑solute溶質solution tablets溶液片solutions溶液劑solvent; dissolvent溶劑solvent-nonsolvent溶劑非溶劑法soybean-derived sterol大豆甾醇specific acid-base catalysis專屬酸堿催化specific surface area method地表面積法specific surface area地表面積specific volume松比客spermaceti鯨蠟spirits醑劑spongia, spongc海綿劑spray congealing噴霧凝結法spray drying噴霧干燥法State food and drug administration SFDA國家食品藥品管理局steady state plasma concentration穩態血藥濃度sterility無菌sterilization滅菌steroid withdrawal syndrome類固醇停藥綜合征sticky powder粘性粉體stress relaxation應力緩和stress testing影響因素試驗、強化試驗striping of stratum corneum去除角質層subacute intoxication;subacute poisoning亞急性中毒subcutaneous (SC) route皮下注射sublingual tablets舌下片subnanoemulsion亞納米乳sugar coated tablets糖衣片supercritical Fluid (SCF)超臨界流體（萃取）superinfection二重感染superoxide過氧化物suppositories栓劑surface activity表面活性surface basis面積基