高考常見的幾種 結構 MultipleChoice解題技巧 一 獨立主格結構 獨立主格結構有一個獨立的主格名詞或代詞 作邏輯主語 加上分詞 現在分詞或過去分詞 形容詞 副詞 介詞短語或不定式等構成 起狀語作用 相當一個狀語從句 1 theywillgoandvisitthezoo A WeatherpermittingB WeatherpermittedC WeatherbeingpermittedD Weatherhavingpermitted Shanghai86 A Iftheweatherpermits theywillgoandvisitthezoo 2 Themeeting over wealllefttheroomanddrovehome Shanghai87 A isB tobeC beingD wouldbe C Afterthemeetingwasover wealllefttheroomanddrovehome 獨立主格結構還有以下幾種構成方式 4種 1 名詞 或主語代詞 過去分詞Herushedintotheroom hisfacecoveredwithsweat 2 名詞 或主語代詞 形容詞Theweather being hot weallwentswimming 3 名詞 或主語代詞 介詞短語Flagonshoulder thesoldiersrushedtothetopofthebuilding 4 名詞 或主語代詞 副詞Theclass being over thestudentshandedintheirpapers practice 1 wedecidedtogoforanouting A WeatherpermittingB WeatherpermittedC IftheweatherisfineD Weatherbeingsofine D Becausetheweatherwasfine wedecidedtogoforanouting Iftheweatherpermits wewilldecidetogoforanouting 2 thereisnoschool A ItisSundayB ItwasSundayC ItwillbeSundayD ItbeingSunday D ItisSunday sothereisnoschool BecauseitisSunday thereisnoschool 3 Theexperiment theyleftthelaboratory A hadbeendoneB wasdoneC havingdoneD done D Aftertheexperimentwasdone hadbeendone theyleftthelaboratory 4 Thelastbus wehadtowalkhome A hasgoneB hadgoneC goneD havinggone D Becausethelastbushadgone wehadtowalkhome 5 Night westartedonourwayhome A settinginB setinC hadsetinD hassetin A Whennighthadsetin westartedonourwayhome 6 Hewaslyingonthegrass hishands underhishead A crossingB crossedC werecrossingD werecrossed B Hewaslyingonthegrassandhishandswerecrossedunderhishead 二 with 復合賓語 結構 這是獨立主格的一種變形 也多作狀語 表示伴隨 狀態 原因 條件等 有時還可作定語 形式為 with 名詞 或代詞 賓語補足語 1 Themurdererwasbroughtin withhishands behindhisback A beingtiedB havingtiedC tobetiedD tiedMET91 D 2 Formilesaroundmetherewasnothingbutadesert withoutasingleplantortree A insightB onearthC atadistanceD inplace Shanghai97 A 在該結構中 能作賓補的除以上的過去分詞和介詞短語外 還有副詞 形容詞 現在分詞等 如 Withtheoldmanleading thetwostartedtowardsthemountains Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithallthelightson Hewentawaywithoutawordmorespoken practice 1 Withallthechildren athomeduringtheholidaysshehasagreatdealofworktodo A beingB wereC havingbeenD was A 2 allhisfriendsandmoneygone hefelttotallyhopeless A ForB BecauseofC WithD Butfor C Becauseofallhisfriendsandmoneyhavinggone hefelttotallyhopeless 3 Theyoungwomangotonthebus A babyinanarmB withababyinherarmsC withherbabyinarmD herbabyinthearm B babyinarm 三 動名詞結構 一個動名詞短語前可以加上一個物主代詞或名詞所有格 來表示這個動名詞的邏輯上的主語 這種結構稱為動名詞結構 它通常用作主語 賓語 表語 1 Howaboutthetwoofus awalkdownthegarden A totakeB takeC takingD tobetaking MET93 C 2 IcanhardlyimaginePeter acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays A sailB tosailC sailingD tohavesailed MET91 C 3 Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis Dr TurnerinsteadofMr Turner A beencalledB calledC havingcalledD beingcalled D 4 Iwouldappreciate backthisafternoon A youtocallB youcallC yourcallingD you recalling NMET92 C 1 這一結構不處于句首 常常用人稱代詞賓格 或名詞普通格 代替物主代詞和名詞所有格 Idon tlikethemsmoking Iremembermothertellingusastoryaboutafox 2 如果動名詞的邏輯主語是無生命的東西 只用普通格 Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthegame 3 當動名詞有一個以上的邏輯主語 亦只用普通格 HesuggestedHanzandPaulgoingonacamping 1 Theoldman s pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath A takeB takingC beingD have B 2 Tominsisted totheparty A onmetocomeB onmycomingC metocomeD mecoming B 3 doesn tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong A YouarerightB YoubeingrightC YourbeingrightD Youtoberight C 4 madethesituationextremelyhardforus A LiMinghadleftB LiMingleftC LiMinghavingleftD LiMing shavingleft D 5 WhatIworriedaboutwas A theynothavingstudiedwellB theyhadn tstudiedwellC theirnothavingstudiedwellD nottheirhavingstudiedwell C 四 疑問句 不定式 結構 疑問句 不定式 結構相當于一個名詞 常用在tell advise show findout decide discuss learn forget等動詞或介詞后作賓語 1 LastsummerItookacourseon A howtomakedressesB howdressesbemadeC howtobemadedressedD howdressestobemade MET90 A 2 Therearesomanykindsoftape recordersonsalethatIcan tmakeupmymind tobuy A whatB whichC howD where NMET92 B 該結構亦可作主語 且常作單數看待 Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory yet A isnotdecidedB arenotdecidedC hasnotdecidedD havenotdecided A hasnotbeendecided 1 Thequestion hasbeenworryinghimrecently A whereistogoB wheretogoC wheretogotoD wherewashetogo B practice 2 Wemustworkoutaplanon withtherubbishassoonaspossible A whattodoB whattodealC howdoingD howdealing A 3 Ididn tknow himornot A whethertohelpB iftohelpC tohelpD ifthatIwouldhelp A 4 Doyouknow therepairs A todoB howtodoC tomakeD howtomake B 5 thisexperimentisknowntous A WhotodoB WhomtodoC HowtodoD Whattodo C 6 Thequestionwas totakethechildrentothetheatreortoleavethemathome A howB howeverC ifD whether D 五 插入語結構 插入語一般僅對一句話作一些附加的解釋和說明 而與句子的其他成分之間沒有語法上的關系 常見的插入語結構有 Ithink Ihope I mafraid Ibelieve Isuppose yousee youknow doyouthink doyouknow 1 Whichdoyouthinktastes thechickenorthefish A wellB goodC betterD best MET96 C 2 Wehaven theardfromJaneforalongtime Whatdoyousuppose toher A washappeningB tohappenC hashappenedD havinghappened MET91 C 此外一些不定式短語totellyouthetruth 現在分詞短語strictlyspeaking judgingfrom by也可用作插入結構 1 fromthisfact hemustbeanhonestman A JudgingB JudgedC JudgesD Judge A practice Judgingfrom by Speakingof Talkingof Franklyspeaking 2 Generallyspeaking the arerespectedbycommonpeople A learningB learnedC learnD beinglearn B learned博學的 3 WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset hernewbicycle Shanghai97 A AsshelostB LostC LosingD Becauseoflosing C LosinghernewbicyclemadeMarysoupset 六 Therebe 結構 Therebe 名詞詞組 狀語 結構 1 noneedforustodiscusstheproblemagainsinceithasalreadybeensettled A IthasB TherehasC ItisD Thereis Shanghai91 D 2 acertaindoubtamongthestudentsastothenece