專題：應(yīng)用文寫作一、命題分析與真題回顧命題分析1.分值滿分15分(占試卷總分的十分之一)2.題型特點(diǎn)詞數(shù)80左右,為使行文連貫可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。3.能力考查在考查考生遣詞造句、布局謀篇能力的同時(shí),更加側(cè)重考查考生的交際能力以及利用所學(xué)的知識(shí)解決實(shí)際問題的能力。4.評(píng)分原則1.本題總分為15分,按5個(gè)檔次給分。2.評(píng)分時(shí),先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言初步確定其所屬檔次,然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次,最后給分。3.詞數(shù)少于60和多于100的,從總分中減去2分。4.評(píng)分時(shí),應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為:內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的豐富性和準(zhǔn)確性及上下文的連貫性。5.拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是衡量語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面,評(píng)分時(shí),應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。6.如書寫較差,以至影響交際,將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。5.浙江省真題回顧年份體裁題材2016.10郵件向自己即將入住的寄宿家庭介紹和咨詢2017.6郵件邀請(qǐng)外國(guó)朋友一起郊游2017.11書信邀請(qǐng)外國(guó)友人過春節(jié)2018.6書信應(yīng)聘/申請(qǐng)做志愿者接待外國(guó)友人二、常見失分原因與對(duì)策1.卷面上 2.結(jié)構(gòu)上:問題不辨，結(jié)構(gòu)混亂3.內(nèi)容上 :要點(diǎn)不全 4 語(yǔ)言上：語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，漢語(yǔ)式思維對(duì)策:1. 書面上：認(rèn)真、清楚、規(guī)范書寫2.結(jié)構(gòu)上:仔細(xì)審題，明確格式 分分段落，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，注意過渡詞的使用3.內(nèi)容上：仔細(xì)思索，考慮全面；觀點(diǎn)深刻，見解獨(dú)特4.語(yǔ)言上：仔細(xì)研讀范文，夯實(shí)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)，在語(yǔ)法正確的基礎(chǔ)上用復(fù)雜的句子表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)單的思想。5.熟能生巧多練習(xí)。三、四種常見類型文體的寫作（1） 邀請(qǐng)信 邀請(qǐng)信一般是邀請(qǐng)某人出席某儀式、參加某活動(dòng)的信件或電子郵件。內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)一般分為:1、進(jìn)行自我介紹、問候寒暄;2、清楚地表達(dá)邀請(qǐng)的意圖以及具體時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)合,以及被邀請(qǐng)人需要做什么準(zhǔn)備、會(huì)進(jìn)行哪些活動(dòng)等;3、表達(dá)期待之意,以及聯(lián)系方式等。需要注意,邀請(qǐng)信中時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)。（2 ）常用模板開頭:FIt is my greatest pleasure/ honor that Im writing to invite you to_, which will be held at_ on_FI think it would be a great idea if you could participate inFI am writing on behalf of the English Department to invite you to give a lecture in our college.FIt would give us great pleasure if you could deliver a speech on the topic of _ I am sure that it would be beneficial to _ if _.結(jié)尾:FWe would appreciate it very much if you could accept our invitation. Im looking forward to your reply .（2） 申請(qǐng)信申請(qǐng)信有很多種,比如求職申請(qǐng)、加入某組織、活動(dòng)的申請(qǐng)、報(bào)考申請(qǐng)、學(xué)位或留學(xué)申請(qǐng)等等。其目的在于讓對(duì)方了解自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、能力、成就以及愿望等,所以個(gè)人情況的介紹應(yīng)該是求職信的核心內(nèi)容,應(yīng)盡可能向?qū)Ψ秸f明本人的長(zhǎng)處,以便留下好印象,獲得面談的機(jī)會(huì)。內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)一般分為三部分:1.點(diǎn)明目的，自我介紹，指出信息來源2.詳述個(gè)人優(yōu)勢(shì)，簡(jiǎn)述個(gè)人要求。3.表達(dá)感謝，簡(jiǎn)述獲準(zhǔn)后打算，期待對(duì)方優(yōu)先考慮（2 ）常用模板開頭：I have learned from your advertisement in the newspapers/micro-blog/websit that your company is in need of a typist this summer vacation. I would like to apply for the position/job/chance because I believe I am a suitable person for the job. 中間：The reason is that not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right personality for this position. On the one hand, _. On the other hand, I also have some experience in_(曾有過的社會(huì)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn))。You will find me to be the only person fit for this position.結(jié)尾： I would appreciate it very much if you could give me the opportunity. Thank you for your consideration.或:Hopefully,the chance would be offered to me .if so, I would devoted all my effort and wisdom to your company/activity.I am looking forward to receiving your reply. （3） 建議信建議信是生活中常見的一種文體,是寫信人向收信人對(duì)某事提出的建議和忠告。建議信可能是寫給個(gè)人,也可能是寫給某個(gè)組織或機(jī)構(gòu),信的內(nèi)容要包括寫信的原因,建議的內(nèi)容,提出建議的理由。建議信要寫得簡(jiǎn)明扼要、目的明確、具有合理性和說服力。內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)一般分為：1、表明寫作意圖。陳述事由,簡(jiǎn)單介紹自己,注意語(yǔ)氣。2、應(yīng)該首先肯定對(duì)方的優(yōu)點(diǎn),然后再寫需要改進(jìn)的地方或針對(duì)具體情況提出具體的建議或忠告。注意千萬(wàn)不要讓別人以為你是在投訴。3、對(duì)提出的建議進(jìn)行總結(jié)。要注意有禮貌,使讀者容易接受。（2 ）常用模板開頭：I am writing to express my views concerningIt is my pleasure to offer you some advice on中間：If I were you, I wouldIt seems to me that you couldI think it would be more beneficial if you could In short / In any case, we should / must / ought to What we need is/ It is suggested that.結(jié)尾：I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical / useful /helpful.Ill appreciate you taking my suggestion into account. /In the end, I will be very glad if you will find my suggestions helpful.I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details. 我希望你會(huì)認(rèn)為這些建議有用，我將準(zhǔn)備好與你討論這件事情進(jìn)一步的細(xì)節(jié)。Good Luck with your_(祝愿) 祝你的_好運(yùn)（4） 口頭通知通知有多種分類。從形式上可分為書面通知(written notice)和口頭通知(announcement)。書面通知用詞正式，用大詞較多，同時(shí)，用于書面化，可以使用一些長(zhǎng)句；而口頭通知以言簡(jiǎn)意賅為主要特點(diǎn)，用詞表達(dá)較為口語(yǔ)化。在語(yǔ)言上，口頭通知多用簡(jiǎn)單句和祈使句. 口頭通知的開頭往往有稱呼語(yǔ)(被通知的對(duì)象)，以及提醒聽眾注意傾聽的開場(chǎng)白。常見的開場(chǎng)白有：Ladies and gentlemen/Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please?Attention, please! There will be .Excuse me, everyone! Id like to tell you that .Now everybody! Excuse me if I interrupt you. But I have an announcement to make.Boys and girls, I have an announceme