閱讀理解精練（5）社會文化（閱讀理解）由 (2012重慶,c)改編there is no better way to enjoy scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little bit of whisky (威士忌)at a quiet place like the inverlochy castle.when queen victoria visited the castle in 1873 she wrote in her diary,“i never saw a lovelier spot.” and she didnt even go fishing.scotland is not easily defined.in certain moments,this quiet land of lakes and grasses and mountains changes before your very eyes.when evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange light,the rivers,teeming with fish,can turn into streams of gold.as you settle down with just a fishing pole and a basket on the bank of river orchy,near the inverlochy castle,any frustration (煩惱) will float away as gently as the circling water.its just you and purple,pink,white flowers,seeking a perfect harmony.if you are a new comer to fishing,learning the basics from a fishing guide may leave you with a lifetimes fun.for many,fishing is more than a sport;it is an art.scotland offers interesting places where you can rest after a long days fishing.set against a wild mountain and hidden behind woodland,the beautiful inverlochy castle hotel below the nevis is a perfect place to see the beauty of scotlands mountains.ben nevis is the highest of all british mountains,and reaching its 1343-metre top is a challenge.but its not just what goes up that matters; what comes down is unique.more than 900 metres high,on the mountains north face,lies an all-important source of pure water.its name comes from the gaelic language “usquebaugh”or “water of life”;and it is the single most important ingredient (原料) in scotlands best known drink:whisky.1.the story of queen victoria is to show that .a.the queen is rich in tour experienceb.the castle is a good place to go in scotlandc.tasting whisky is better than going fishingd.1873 is a special year for the queen2.how is paragraph 2 mainly developed?()a.by giving descriptions.b.by following time order.c.by analyzing causes.d.by making comparisons.3.what is ben nevis special for?()a.the inverlochy castle hotel.b.the beauty of its surroundings.c.the water from the mountain.d.the challenge up to its top.4.what is the main purpose of the passage?()a.to introduce scottish traditions to tourists.b.to show the attractions of scotland to readers.c.to explore geographical characteristics of scotland.d.to describe the pleasures of life in scotland.語篇解讀:蘇格蘭是一個好地方,是一個著名的旅游勝地,漂亮的城堡、美麗的河流等令人流連忘返。本文對此作了介紹。答案及剖析:1.b推理判斷題。作者在第一段用女王的評價“i never saw a lovelier spot.”是為了說明蘇格蘭的這座城堡inverlochy castle是一個值得去的好地方。2.a事實細節題。第二段作者分別描繪了幾個場景:靜靜的湖泊,草地和山脈交互轉換,落日余暉下金色的山坡和溪流,鮮花相伴在河邊垂釣。故答案為a。3.c事實細節題。根據文章最后一段中的“what comes down is unique”可知,從山上流下的東西(當然是后文中說到的)pure water是獨特的,因為“.it is the single most important ingredient (原料) in scotlands best known drink:whisky.”故c項與此內容相符。4.b主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章旨在向讀者展示蘇格蘭的幾個旅游景點(the inverlochy castle,river orchy,ben nevis等)。【長難句子分析】morethan 900 metres high,狀語 onthe mountains northface,狀語 lies謂語 an all-important source of pure water.主語在山的北面,九百多米的高處,是非常重要的純凈水源。閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (a、b、c和d) 中, 選出最佳選項。in presentday china，we can find two types of fast foodwestern food and chinese food.however，not until the recent decade has western fast food become popular in china.before the first hamburger walked its way into the chinese food market，we had little idea about such terms as hot dogs，pizza，potato chips，let alone kfc and mcdonalds.it is the reform and openingup policy that has brought about the interflow of the food culture between china and the western countries.fast food，both chinese food and western food，has several advantages.in the first place，fast food，as is characterized by its name，is fast.the food is always ready and fresh，waiting for its customers.this saves peoples precious time，and consequently goes well with the tempo of life in modern society.secondly，it is very convenient.as we know，fast food restaurants are much the same as cafeterias.customers may feel free to help themselves to any variety provided and eat to their hearts content.thirdly，fast food restaurants are environmentally comfortable.clean dishes，shiny tables，decent service and light music all stimulate peoples appetite to eat more.the above mentioned advantages make fast food become rooted in almost all parts of the country and enjoy popularity among people.thats also why nowadays singapore fast food，turkish fast food and indiapakistan fast food have found their homes in china.as every coin has two sides，fast food also has its disadvantages such as lack of nutrition and dull taste.nevertheless，these are minor points compared with its advantages.since most people agree with fast food，it tends to grow more rapidly.1whats the best title for this passage？.athe road to the western fast foodbthe growth of fast food in chinacsingapore fast food in chinadevery coin has two sides答案：b從第一段中國人一開始對快餐了解較少，后來西方的肯德基、麥當勞進入中國，直到倒數第二段新加坡等國的快餐進入中國，看出該文是敘述快餐在中國的發展。2which of the following statements is not true?aall the fast food is cooked hot.bfast food is worth its name.cfast food is ready for pupils.dfast food is especially convenient for those going to offices.答案：aa項所述太片面，并不是所有的快餐都是煮熱，也有涼的。3the sentence“customers may feel free to help themselves to any variety provided and eat to their hearts content”means“customers may_”aonly have fast food at the restaurants beside the schoolsbhave to run to the fast food restaurantsceat whatever they like in the restaurantdhave meals according to the boss order答案：c根據本段第二句，可以看出顧客可以自由地選擇他們喜歡的食物。variety“多樣化”，to their hearts content“符合他們心意的”。4what do the words“environmentally comfortable”mean?ait will help keep the babies healthy.bit will help fight against disease.cit will help form good habits.dits a pleasure for a customer to have fast food in the restaurant.答案：d從本段看出，快餐店是干凈，明亮，服務周到，伴有輕音樂，在這里吃飯是一種享受。閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (a、b、c和d) 中, 選出最佳選項。should doctors ever lie to benefit their patientto speed recovery or to cover the coming of death？in medicine as in law，government，and other lines of work，the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed (變矮小)by greater needs：the need to protect form brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy；to advance the public interest.what should doctors say，for example，to a 46yearold man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who，though he feels in perfect health，is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months？is it best to tell him the truth？if he asks，should the doctors reject that he is ill，or minimize the gravity of the illness？should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?doctors face such choices often.at times，they see important reasons to lie for the patients own sake；in their eyes，such lies sharply form selfserving ones.studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition，and that informing them risks destroying their hope，so that they may recover more slowly，or deteriorate (惡化)faster，perhaps even commit suicide (自殺)but other studies show that，contrary to the belief of many physicians；a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth，even about serious illness，and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled.we are also learning that truthful information，humanely conveyed (傳達)，helps patients cope with illness：help them tolerate pain better，need less medicine，and even recover faster after surgery.there is urgent need to debate this issue openly.not only in medicine，but in other profession as well，practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences (后果)seem avoidable only through deception(欺騙)yet the public has every reason to know professional deception，for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted，to spread，and to trust.neither in medicine，nor in law，government，or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying，“what you dont know cant hurt you.”1according to the authors opinion，lies _.acan benefit the patientsbcan help the patients to recoveryccan do nothing to the patients illnessdcan not benefit the patients答案：a細節理解題。從文章倒數第二段最后幾句可得知答案。2which of the following statements is not true?amost of the doctors believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition.bthe truthful information helps patients to deal with their illness.cthere is a need to discuss whether to lie to the patients.dit is true that“what you dont know cant hurt you.”答案：d細節理解題。文章最后，作者認為“what you dont know cant hurt you.”這一說法不對。3what is the main idea of the last paragraph?athere is an urgent need to debate this issue openly.bneither in medicine，nor in law，government，the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying.“what you dont know cant hurt you.”cthe public has every reason to be aware of professional deception.dwe need to discuss this issue in medicine，but not in other professions.答案：a主旨歸納題。第一句就是本段的主題句。4what does the author mainly discuss in the passage?adeception is beneficial to patients.bwhether patients should be told the truth of their illness.cwhether patients really want to know the truth of their illness.dwho benefits from deception.答案：b主旨歸納題。通讀全文可知，作者針對醫生對病人隱瞞病情這一做法提出質疑：病人應不應該了解真相？了解真相對他們有沒有好處？閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (a、b、c和d) 中, 選出最佳選項。when frida kahlos paintings were on show in london，a poet described her paintings as“ a ribbon (絲帶)around a bomb”such comments seem to suggest kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time.sadly，she is actually a much_bigger_name today than she was during her time.born in 1907 in a village near mexico city ，kahlo suffered from polio(小兒麻痹癥)at the age of seven.her spine (脊柱)became bent as she grew older.then，in 1925，her back was broken in several places in a schoolbus accident.throughout the rest of her life，the artist had many operations，but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.however，the accident had an unexpected side effect.while lying in her bed recovering，kahlo taught herself to paint.in 1929，she got married to diego rivera，another famous mexican artist.riveras strong influences on kahlos style can be seen in her early works，but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works，show less influence from her husband.unfortunately，her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s，even in her home country.h