Unit 4 Sharing話題單詞1relationshipn關系2cooperatev合作3civilizedadj.文明的4honestadj.真誠的5credibleadj.誠信的6peacefuladj.和平的7buildv創建8cherishv珍惜9considerateadj.體貼的10conflictn沖突11ignorev忽略；不理睬12reliableadj.可信賴的13attituden態度14wealthyadj.富裕的15reasonableadj.通情達理的，正當的，合理的話題短語1helpeachother互助2learnfromeachother互相學習3trusteachother彼此信任4promotethefriendship增進友誼5improvetherelationship改善關系6showloveandconcernforsb.愛護和關心某人7buildagoodrelationship建立良好的關系8beinorder有序9careforeachother互相關心10haveagreatdesiretodosth.想做某事11communicatewith交流、溝通12personalinterests個人利益13bepublicspirited有公益精神的，熱心公益的14voluntarylabor義務勞動15servethepeople為人民服務16heartandsoul全心全意話題佳句1Hefrequentlydonateslargesumstocharity.他常常向慈善機構捐贈大筆錢款。2Loveisgivingandloveispayingattentiontoothers.Iwilldomybesttogiveallmylovetoothers.愛是給予，愛是關注他人，我將盡力把我所有的愛奉獻給他人。3Itismoremeaningfultodonatebooksandsportsgoodstochildreninneed.向貧困地區的孩子們捐書和運動物品更有意義。4Charitiesappealedfordonationsoffoodandclothingforvictimsofthehurricane.慈善機構呼吁為颶風的受害者們捐獻食品和衣物。5IfmostbreadwinnersdonateadayspaytotheHopeProject，thenitwillmakeagreatdifference.如果大多數掙工資的人把一天的所得捐給希望工程的話，那將意義重大。佳作背誦申請參加圖書分享活動B是一個面向全球的圖書分享網站。該網站組織的分享活動有兩種參與方式：一是自由分享(wildrelease)，即把書放在指定地點，由其他參與者自由獲取；二是定向分享(controlledrelease)，即直接傳遞給另一位參與者。假設你是李華，請用英文寫信申請參加。內容應包括：1表明寫信目的；2選擇一種分享方式；3簡述做出該選擇的理由；4希望了解更多信息。注意：1.詞數不少于100左右；2書信格式及開頭已給出(不計入總詞數)。DearSirorMadam，Yours，LiHuaDearSirorMadam，Imsogladtolearnthatyoureorganizinganactivitytosharebooksworldwide.ImmorethanwillingtoparticipateinitforthereasonthatIamabookloverandownmanybooks.Ofthetwoapproachesyouprovide，Iprefercontrolledreleasetowildrelease.Bymeansoftheformer，Icandelivermybookstoacertainreader.Itcanletmeknowmybooksareplayingtheirroles.Besides，abridgeofcommunicationcanbebuiltupwithreadersfromotherpartsoftheworld.Idohopethatyoucanprovidemorespecificinformationforme.Lookforwardtoyourreply.Yours，LiHua識記思考運用1核心單詞conceptn概念astronautn.宇航員purchasevt.&n買；購買platformn講臺，(車站的)月臺otherwiseconj.否則；不然adv.用別的方法；其他方面adjustvt.&vi.調整；(使)適合adjustableadj.可調整的；可調節的adjustmentn調整participatevi.參與；參加participationn參加，參與participantn參與者donatevt.捐贈donationn捐贈donatorn捐贈者voluntaryadj.自愿的；志愿的volunteern&vi.志愿者；自愿做operatevi.工作；運轉vt.操作operationn手術，運轉operatorn操作人員2閱讀單詞fortnightn兩星期arrangement n安排；排列click vt.&vi. (使)發出咔嗒聲n.咔嗒聲privilege n特權；特別優待grill n. (燒食物的)烤架vt.燒烤；炙烤catalogue n. 目錄；概覽；一覽表distribute vt.分配；分發distribution n分配；分發；分布狀態security n安全；保護；保障secure adj.安全的；可靠的；有把握的remote adj.遙遠的；偏僻的remotely adv.遙遠地；偏僻地political adj.政治的；政黨的politics n政治politician n政治家relevant adj.有關的；切題的relevance n中肯；切題relevantly adv.有關地；切題地irrelevantly adv.無關地；不切題地用上面所給單詞的適當形式填空1Theymadeagenerousdonation(donate)tocharity.2Theoperatorisoperatingthemachineaccordingtotheoperationguidance.(operate)3Thevolunteer (voluntary) saidthathewaswillingtohelpothers.4Therichmanspropertywasdistributed (distribute)amonghissons.5Hefounditreallyunbelievablethattheycouldntdiscusspolitics (political)duringthattime.6Ifyoufeeluncomfortable，youcanmakesomeadjustments (adjust)7Wehavemadeallthearrangements(arrange)fortheconference.8Theadstronglyencouragespeopletopurchase (purchase) thesilvercoinsbymakingaphonecall.9Theyallthankedhimforhisparticipation (participate)，whichhelpedwinthegame.10Hisspeechhasnorelevance(relevant)tothetopic.1牽手privilegeaprivilegetodosth./ofdoingsth.有幸做某事havetheprivilegetodo/ofdoingsth.havetherighttodosth.有做某事的特權privilegedadj.享有特權的；榮幸的；幸運的beprivilegedtodosth.做某事是榮幸的2operate多元須知operateproperly (運轉正常)operateatonce (立刻動手術)themedicineoperates (藥起作用)operateacomputer (操作電腦)operateashop (經營一家商店)3與“經濟生活”有關的高頻單詞小結distributevt.分發；分配；分布exportvt.&vi.出口；輸出importvt.進口；輸入investvt.&.vi.投資bidvt.出價；投標competevi.競爭4含詞根“viv/vit(生命)”的單詞vividadj.生動的revivevt.復活revivaln復活survivev存活；幸存survivaln存活；幸存survivorn幸存者5含rrow的詞一覽narrowadj.狹窄的arrown箭頭borrowv借sorrown傷心sparrown麻雀6“早先，以前”家族formeradj.過去的，在前的，以前的；formerlyadv.以前，從前previousadj.先前的，以前的；previouslyadv.以前，事先onetimeadj.一度的，以前的beforeadv.先前，從前agoadv.以前everbefore以前識記思考運用1動詞介詞(副詞)hearfrom接到的信comeacross偶然遇到participatein參與；參加dryout (使浸水等之物)完全變干；干透dryup (指河流、井等)干涸getthrough完成；穿過adjustto調整；適應2be形容詞to(be) dyingto極想；渴望berelevantto.和有關3其他形式theotherday不久前的一天inneed在困難中；在危急中用左欄所給短語的適當形式填空1Besidesstudyingatschool，heoftenparticipatesinsomeotheractivities.2Theotherday，whenIwaswalkingtotown，Isawastrangescene.3Onmywayhomeyesterday，Icameacrossmyformerclassmateandwehadaverygoodtime.4Duringthedrought，theriverdriedup；asaresult，manyfishdied.5Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity (社區) bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.6ItsclearthattheyoungAmericanisdyingtolearnChinesefromyou.7Myworkcolleaguesadjustedtomytakingoffatamomentsnoticeformedicalemergencies.8Idontthinkwhathesaidisrelevanttothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.1get短語個個清geton/alongwith進展；融洽相處getacross講清楚；(使)被領會getaround四處走動(旅行)；(消息等)傳播getdownto開始認真(做某事)(to為介詞)getthrough通過；完成；接通(電話)getinvolvedwith參加，參與2“參加”詞匯個個清attendv出席(會議等)；參加(儀式)等joinv加入(組織、團體等)joinin加入(某項活動)takepartin加入(活動、運動等)enterv參加participatein參與(活動)sitfor參加(考試等)attachoneselfto參與在解讀中學懂，在仿寫中學通背原句學句型練仿寫1.Tobehonest，IdoubtwhetherImmakinganydifferencetotheseboyslivesatall.說實在的，我真的不知道我教的課是否會讓這些孩子的生活有所改變。doubtwhether.“懷疑是否”。doubt用于肯定句時，后面常用whether引導賓語從句或同位語從句。誠實地說，我懷疑他們兩天內能否完成這項艱巨的任務。Tobehonest，Idoubtwhethertheywillfinishthehardtaskintwodays.2.Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogettherefirstupamountaintoaridgefromwherewehadfantasticviewsandthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.我們步行了兩個半小時才到達那里先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一個陡坡，一直走到下邊的山谷。fromwherewehadfantasticviews是“介詞where”引導的定語從句。那個男孩爬到了那棟建筑物的三樓，從那個地方他可以看得更遠。Theboyclimbedintothethirdstoreyofthebuilding，fromwherehecouldlookfartherintothedistance.3.Thegiftyougiveisnotsomethingyourlovedonekeepsbutavoluntarycontributiontowardsthelivesofpeoplewhoreallyneedit.你送的禮物不是給你所愛的人留念的，而是給那些確實有生活需要的人的一項志愿性捐助。not.but.“不是而是”，連接兩個并列成分。能給我們工作帶來最大益處的不是我們做了多少，而是我們對于自己所做的事情付出了多少愛。Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedothatbenefitsourworkmost.3500詞匯語境篇先練后背，事半功倍HelpingtheRemoteVillageAyearago，thefamousastronautreceivedaninvitationbyairmailfromaremotevillage.1.Intending (intend) tosniffsomefreshair，heandhisinterpreterpaidafortnightvisitthere.Itwasaprivilege2.forthemtobethere，buttheywereshockedbywhattheysaw.Thetracksweremuddy.3.Theriverwasdryingup.Mostvillagersonlypossessedonebroom，afewtinsandseveraljarsandtheirrectangulargrasshutswithroundangles4.weresurrounded (surround) byweeds.Besides，theirschoolhadnoroofandplatform，andthestudentshadnoconceptofclickingacomputeratall.Theywere5badly (bad) inneed.Soon，theastronautmadeagenerousvoluntary6.donation (donate) tothevillage.Thereweretextbooksforstudents，sewingmachinesfortailors7.andtractorsforfarmers.His8.distribution (distribute) cataloguealsoincludedoperatingaclinicandatrunklibrary，aswellasgivingweeklylessonstoteachrelevantfarmingknowledgelike9.howtodryoutseedsorraiseoxen.Hehimselfnotonlyhelpeddosomepaperworkbutalsopurchasedgrillsforboystotoastpotatoesandcombsforgirlswhoweredyingtogetone.Theotherday，heheardfromthevillagersagaininvitinghim10.toparticipate ( participate) inthedonationanniversary.Forpoliticalandsecurityreasons，hecouldntadjusthisoutgoingarrangementotherwisehewouldgo.Buthisdeedswererememberedforever.adjust vi.&vt.調整；使適合(教材原句)Thehutwasdarkinsidesoittooktimeforoureyestoadjust.小屋內很黑，因此眼睛要過好一陣才能適應過來。拓展詞：adjustmentn調整；調節；適應adjustableadj.可調整的(1)adjuststh.tosth.調整以適應adjusttosth./doingsth.適應于(做)adjustoneselfto使自己適應于(2)makeanadjustment/adjustmentsto.對作出調整(1)Lifeatanytimecanbecomedifficultoreasy.Italldependsuponhowoneadjustshimselftolife.在任何時候，生活是困難還是簡單，完全取決于你如何調整自己以適應生活。(2)語境活用Thedesksandchairsareadjustable (adjust)，andyoucanadjustthemtotheheightofthestudents.Theadjustment (adjust) isnotdifficulttomake.桌椅是可調整的，你可以根據學生的身高進行調整。這種調整并不難。(3)單句語法填空(2018北京卷)YoudbetterlearnsomebasicChinesebeforeyoucome.Thatway, youmayadjustyourselftothelifehereinBeijingsoon.participatevi.參加；參與(教材原句)Ilovedlisteningtothefamilysoftlytalkingtoeachotherintheirlanguage，eventhoughIcouldnotparticipateintheconversation.我很喜歡聽這家人輕聲細語地談話，盡管我不能參與到他們的談話中。拓展詞：participantn參加者；參與者participationn參加；參與participatein參加；參與participatein(doing)sth.withsb.與某人一起參與(做)某事participatewithsb.insth.與某人一起分擔某事(1)Encouragedbytheteacher，theparticipants(participate) activelyparticipatedintheEnglishspeechcontest.Theirparticipation(participate) inspiredtherestoftheclasstostudyhard.在老師的鼓勵下，參與者積極參加英語演講比賽。他們的參與鼓勵了班上其他人努力學習。(2)單句語法填空Attheageofeight，hejoined(join) agroupofchilddancers.ThechildrenjoinedintheEnglishEveningandhadagoodtime.Hedidntattend(attend) schoolyesterdaybecauseofhisillness.ZhouEnlaitookpartinthestudentmovementsactivelywhenhewasatschool.Youshouldparticipatewithyourfriendinhissufferings.(3)單句語法填空(2018全國卷)Bothteamstrainfortwohoursadayandparticipateincompetitionsregularly.privilegen特別優待；特權；榮幸v給予特權(教材原句)ItwassuchaprivilegetohavespentadaywithTombesfamily.能與湯比一家度過一天的時間真是莫大的榮幸。拓展詞：privilegedadj.榮幸的；享有特權的；特許保密的(1)havetheprivilegetodosth./ofdoingsth.有做某事的特權Itisaprivilege(forsb.)todosth.(對某人來說)做某事是個榮幸。(2)be/feelprivilegedtodosth.做某事是榮幸的(1)Itsaprivilege，notarighttocometothisextraordinaryplace.來這個特別的地方是一種特權而不是一種權利。(2)單句語法填空Hesgladthathehastheprivilegeofhavingthechance.Doyouthinkitaprivilegetobechosen?(3)寫作能力提升Weareprivilegedtohaveadistinguishedguestwithustonight.(用it作形式主語改寫)Itisaprivilegeforustohaveadistinguishedguesttonight.operatevi.工作；運轉；給動手術；起作用vt.操作；經營(教材原句)Thisgiftcoversthecostofexercisebooksandtextbooksforcommunityprimaryschoolsthatoperateinpoororremotevillages.這份禮物包括貧窮或偏遠村莊社區小學的練習本和課本的費用。拓展詞：operationn操作；手術；運轉；經營；行動operateacompany/a shop經營一家公司/開商店operateamachine/a car操作機器/開車operateon/uponsb.給某人動手術inoperation工作中；使用中；有效performanoperation做手術ooperation實施；使運轉comeintooperation開始工作；開始生效operatingsystem(計算機)操作系統(1)Themedicinebegantooperate(operate) atonce.藥效立竿見影。(2)Thepolicehavelaunchedamajoroperation(operate) againstdrug.警方發起了一場大規模的緝毒行動。(3)語境活用Hisfatherisoperating (operate) abigcompany，whichoperates (operate) inseveralcities，makinghighprofits.Inreturnforsociety，hedonatedmuchmoneytoapatientinneed，whowasoperated (operate) onlastyear.他的父親經營著一家大公司，在幾個城市里運營著且盈利很高。作為對社會的回報，他為一位去年動了手術急需幫助的病人捐了一大筆錢。(be)dyingtodosth.渴望做某事(教材原句)Iknowyouredyingtohearallaboutmylifehere，soIveincludedsomephotoswhichwillhelpyoupicturetheplacesItalkabout.我知道你急于了解我在這里的生活情況，所以我在信中附有幾張照片，會幫助你想象出我所談到的地方。bedyingforsth.渴望/想要某物longforsth.渴望某物long/desiretodosth.渴望做某事(1)Afterlosinghisjob，Jackwasdying(die) togetanewone.失業以后，杰克渴望找到一份新工作。(2)寫作能力提升他渴望回到他的祖國。Heisdyingtoreturntohismotherland.(dying)Heisanxioustoreturntohismotherland.(anxious)Heislongtoreturntohismotherland.(long)Heiseagertoreturntohismotherland.(eager)Heiskeentoreturntohismotherland.(keen)inneed在困難中；在危急中(教材原句).bringhopeforabetterfuturetoacommunityinneed.給急需幫助的社區帶來改善未來的希望。(1)in(great)needof(非常)需要satisfy/meetonesneeds滿足某人的需要thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.(某人)沒有必要做某事(2)indanger處在危險中introuble處于麻煩中inruins破敗不堪；成為廢墟invain徒勞inreturn作為回報inturn依次；輪流；反過來(1)Loveistopossessapowerwhichhelpsthoseinneed.愛是擁有一種能助人于危難的力量。(2)語境活用Wearecollectingmoneyforfamiliesinneed.Tomeettheirneeds (need)，wearestillinneedofalargesum.Butweshoulddoitinalegalway，andthereisnoneedforustobreakthelaw.我們正在為困難的家庭籌錢。為了滿足他們的需求，我們仍需要大筆資金。但是我們得合法地去做，并且我們沒必要去犯法。(3)單句語法填空(2018浙江卷)IvelearnedthattheEnglishAssociationofourschoolisnowinneedofsomevolunteerstoreceiveforeignstudentsvisitingourschool.Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogettherefirstupamountaintoaridgefromwherewehadfantasticviewsandthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.我們步行了兩個半小時才到達那里先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一個陡坡，一直走到下邊的山谷。fromwhere引導的定語從句修飾aridge.fromwhere.引導定語從句，可視為where前省略了theplace，即這樣用的fromwhere相當于fromtheplacewhere，意思是“從的地方，離的地方”。(1)在“介詞關系詞”型定語從句中，關系詞常為which和whom，關系副詞where和when之前一般不加介詞，比較特殊的有fromwhere和sincewhen。(2)定語從句中有介詞from，且先行詞在從句中作from的賓語，引導詞可以用which或where。當先行詞充當主句的狀語時，定語從句的先行詞多用where；當先行詞是作主句的賓語時，定語從句的先行詞多用which。要點釋疑在fromwhich中，which指代的是某個名詞或代詞；在fromwhere中，where指代的是副詞或介詞短語。(1)Evenwhenitshardtomove，takesmallstepsforward.Becauseeverystepwillleadyoufartherawayfromwhereyouwereyesterday.即使前路艱難，也要小步前進。因為每一步都能讓你比昨天前進一點點。(2)Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill，fromwhereshecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.(whereonthetopofthehill)她登上山頂，從山頂上她可以一覽全鎮的風光。(3)Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites，fromwhichkite-flyingspreadtoJapan，Korea，ThailandandIndia.中國是風箏的故鄉，從這里放風箏傳到了日本、朝鮮、泰國和印度。(4)Thereisasmallwoodnearourvillage，fromwhichwecanpickmanymushrooms.我們村子附近有一個小樹林，我們可以從那兒采許多蘑菇。(5)單句語法填空Noiseiscomingtothepointwherewecantputupwithit.Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor，fromwherehesawthemantakesomethingonthedesk.Therearemanywebsites，fromwhichyoucanfindalmostallthenecessaryinformation.(6)寫作能力提升Aftersupper，heusuallystoodnearthewindow，fromwherehecouldseethetower(從那里他能看到塔)，thetallestbuildinginthiscity.Wefinallyfoundoutthelibrary，fromwhichweborrowedmanyinterestingbooks(從那里我們借了好多有趣的書).單詞拼寫1Mr.Wanghasbeenstayinginthehotelforafortnight(兩星期)2Weknowasmallbabyhasnoconcept (概念)ofrightandwrong.3Thentherewerealotofchildrenwhocouldntgotoschoolinsomeremote (遙遠的)areas.4ThepurposesoftheUnitedNationsaretomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity (安全)5SometimesIwonderifmyteachingisrelevant (有關的)tothefutureofthestudents.6Thequickeryouadjust (適應)yourselftothecollegelife，themoreprogressyouwillmake.7HedidntworkhardatEnglishotherwise (否則)hewouldntfinditdifficulttolearnnow.8Thecaristooexpensiveforme，becauseitisbeyondmypurchasing (購買)power.單句改錯1TheyusedtodonatealargesumofmoneyfortheRedCrosseveryyear.forto2ShewenttoJapantwoyearsago，sincewhichIhaventheardfromher.whichwhen3Itsreportedthatthelocalgovernmentwillputthenewlawinoperationnextmonth.ininto4Deedsarebetterthanwordswhenpeopleareinneedhelp.help前加of5Yesterdaytherewasasportsmeetinginourschoolwithhundredsofstudentsparticipating.participating后加in6Itonlytakesoneweekforthenewstudentstoadjustthenewschool.adjust后加to7Itisreallyaprivilegeformetoworkasainterpreterinthecompany.第二個aan8Thevasewaspurchasedatahighpriceturnedouttobeoflittlevalue.去掉was或was前加which/that.教材與語法填空Joworkedatabushschool1.whoseclassroomsweremadeofbambooandtheroofsofgrass.Theresnoelectricity2.orwaterthere.Ittookthestudentsabouttwohours3.toget (get) totheschool.Johopedtomakesomedifferencetothechildrenslivesbyteachingthem.The4.otherday，JoandJennyvisitedTombeshome.5.Whentheyarrivedatthevillage，Tombesmotherwhohadbeenworkinginhergarden,6.started (start) crying“ieee ieee”Tombesfatherledthemtohishouse,7.alowbamboohutwithgrass8.sticking (stick) outoftheroof，wherehecouldonlyseeafewtinplates