音標學習總覺得英語學習該從音標開始，向我們的漢語從拼音開始一樣，好不容易搜到的，希望與大家有用。 掌握國際音標是學好英語的重要一環(huán)。學好國際音標不但有助于學生自己拼讀單詞，而且能使學生正確地發(fā)音和朗讀, 提高他們的口語能力。因此學好國際音標是十分必要的。英語音標是記錄英語發(fā)音的音素符號,英語共有48個音標,其中元音20個(單元音12個,雙元音8個),輔音包含清輔音和濁輔音26個(一舌、二半、三鼻、六爆、六破、十摩擦 )。根據(jù)國際音標的特點，以下將第十四版國際音標例詞及發(fā)音規(guī)則歸納如下：一、元 音 在英語的元音中，一共有12個單元音和8個單元音, 雙元音是由兩個元音音標所組成的音素，發(fā)音時要注意“前輕后重，前長后短”的特點。（一）單元音（12個）1、/i:/ 例詞： me he she see tea key east 發(fā)音要訣： 舌抵下齒，嘴唇扁平，做微笑狀，發(fā)“一”之長音。2、/ I / 例詞： it big ship study listen發(fā)音要決：舌抵下齒，雙唇扁平分開，牙床近于全合，發(fā)短促之“一”音。3、/e/ 例詞： bed get end let head many friend lesson發(fā)音要決：舌近硬顎，舌尖抵下齒，牙床半開半合，做微笑狀。4、/Q/ 例詞： map cap cat bad and apple發(fā)音要決：雙唇扁平，舌前微升，舌尖抵住下齦，牙床全開，軟腭升起，唇自然開放。5、/:/ 例詞： car fast dark star card hard farm garden的發(fā)音：雙唇張而不圓，牙床大開，舌后微升，舌尖向后收縮，微離下齒，發(fā)“啊”之長音。6、/?n/ 例詞： on hot cup want mother touch 發(fā)音要決：雙唇張而不圓，牙床大開，舌后微升，舌尖向后收縮，微離下齒，發(fā)短促之“啊”音。7、/?:/ 例詞： her bird dirt early worker purse發(fā)音要決：舌上抬，唇成自然狀態(tài)，口半開半閉，發(fā)“厄”之長音。8、/? / 例詞： ago panda teacher doctor around famous發(fā)音要決:舌上抬，唇成自然狀態(tài)，口半開半閉，牙床較張開，發(fā)“厄”之短音。9、/u:/ 例詞： zoo who ruler food fruit cool shoot發(fā)音要決：雙唇成圓形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不觸下齒，自然而不用力，發(fā)“屋”之長音。10、/u / 例詞： foot good cook book took full should發(fā)音要決：雙唇成圓形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不觸下齒，自然而不用力，發(fā)短促之“屋”音。11、/?:/ 例詞： horse water short door talk saw autumn 發(fā)音要決：雙唇界于開閉、圓唇之間，牙床半開至全開，舌尖卷上再過度為卷后。12、/ ?: / 例詞： dog what ball call hall talk bought發(fā)音要決：雙唇稍微向外突出成圓形，舌后升起，舌尖抵下齒，發(fā)“奧”音。（二）雙元音（8個）1、/ ei / 例詞： age day they eight great date wait race 發(fā)音要決:：舌尖抵住下齒，牙床半開半合，雙唇扁平，由發(fā)“哀”音平穩(wěn)過渡到發(fā)“一”之長音。2、/ ai / 例詞： hi my bye fly high buy rice like light發(fā)音要決：將口張開略圓，舌后微升，舌尖向后收縮，由發(fā)“阿”音平穩(wěn)過渡到發(fā)“一”音。3、/ ?i / 例詞： boy toy oil join soil noise發(fā)音要決：雙唇外突成圓形，發(fā)“奧”音。逐漸過度為雙唇扁平分開，發(fā)“一”之短音。4、/ ?u / 例詞： no own note bowl boat know shoulder 發(fā)音要決：口半開半閉，舌后微升，過渡雙唇成圓形，發(fā)“歐”之音。5、/ au / 例詞： out now town sound house brown 發(fā)音要決：將口張開略圓，漸漸合攏，雙唇成圓形，由發(fā)“阿”音平穩(wěn)過渡到發(fā)“屋”音。6、/ i? / 例詞： ear deer fear here idea near 發(fā)音要決：雙唇張開，牙床由窄至半開舌抵下齒逐漸過度為上卷，從“一”音過渡到“厄”音。7、/? / 例詞： air hair bear dare there their carefully發(fā)音要決：雙唇張開后略圓，牙床張開相當寬，舌尖卷上漸至卷后。8、/ u? / 例詞： sure poor tour february發(fā)音要決：雙唇成圓形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不觸下齒，發(fā)“屋”之長音，然后從“屋”過渡到“厄”音。二、輔 音（28個） 國際音標里總共有28個輔音音素，輔音里面有清輔音和濁輔音，濁輔音在發(fā)音時聲帶振動，而清輔音在發(fā)音時聲帶不振動。(一) 摩擦音（10個） 摩擦音是發(fā)音時，氣流開始部分受到阻礙，隨后氣流從縫隙中泄出，發(fā)出聲音。 1、 /f/ 例詞： fat fast face fine life fire phone father /v/ 例詞： of love view vine very violin leave 發(fā)音要決：下齒輕觸上齒，氣流從唇齒間的縫隙瀉出摩擦成音，/f/ 是清輔音，/v/濁輔音。 2 、/ 例詞： both cloth three thing mouth hanks birthday /e/ 例詞： that than these bathe mother發(fā)音要決：舌尖輕觸上齒背，氣流從唇齒間的縫隙瀉出摩擦成音，/ 是清輔音， /e/ 是濁輔音。3 、/s/ 例詞： sun ice sea sell same face snake mouse /z/ 例詞： zoo eyes nose knees prize music發(fā)音要決：舌抬起，靠近上齒齦，氣流由舌端和齒齦間瀉出摩擦成音。/s/ 是清輔音， /z/ 是濁輔音。4 、/ ? / 例詞： she sure wash ship sheep share shake shop fish / ? / 例詞： pleasure usually 發(fā)音要決：舌尖和舌端向上齒齦后部抬起，舌身靠近硬顎開成一條狹窄的通道。氣流由此泄出口腔，摩擦成音。雙唇向前突出，略成圓形。/ ? / 是清輔音，/ ? /是濁輔音。5、 / h / 例詞： he hen hat hill high hair horse 發(fā)音要決：口張開氣流不受阻礙，自由溢出口腔，在通過聲門時產生輕微摩擦，/h/ 是清輔音。6 、/ r / 例詞： run red rain free race write read發(fā)音要決： 舌尖向上齒齦后部卷起，舌前部下陷，略成凹型，雙唇稍向前突出，氣流從口腔瀉出，聲帶振動 ，/r/ 是濁輔音。(二) 爆破音（6個）在發(fā)音時，氣流開始完全受到阻礙，然后氣流有力急促的沖開阻礙發(fā)出聲音。1 、/p/ 例詞： pen pig park pool peach happy speak /b/ 例詞： big bye bad bus job bird bark bike 發(fā)音要決：雙唇緊閉，然后突然張開，氣流泄出口腔。/p/ 是清輔音，/b/是濁輔音。2 、/ t / 例詞： to tea tear seat boat town bottle / d / 例詞： do dog date down duck glad made window發(fā)音要決：舌尖緊抵上齒齦，形成阻礙，然后舌尖突然離開氣流泄出口腔。/t/ 是清輔音, /d/是濁輔音。3 、/k/ 例詞： cap key cow car card come kite back cold /g/ 例詞： go bag egg pig gap girl gold gave發(fā)音要決：舌后部抬起緊貼軟顎，形成阻礙，然后舌后部突然離開氣流泄出口腔。/k/ 是清輔音，/g/ 是濁輔音。 （三） 破擦音（6個） 破擦輔音是由一個爆破音和一個摩擦音組成。1 、/ t? / 例詞： watch child China chair cheap lunch / d? / 例詞： Jane jeep gem joke bridge orange發(fā)音要決：舌間和舌端抬起。貼住上齒齦后部形成阻礙，雙唇稍向前突出，氣流沖破這個阻礙后，通過舌和齒齦間的窄縫摩擦成音。/t?/ 是清輔音。/d?/是濁輔音。2 、 / ts/ 例詞： pats cats shirts skates students /dz/ 例詞： seeds cards hands roads發(fā)音要決：舌尖抵上齒齦形成阻礙，舌尖略下降氣流瀉出口腔/ts/ 是清輔音。/dz/ 是濁輔音。3 、 /tr/ 例詞： train tree trip /dr/ 例詞： drive drip dress dream 發(fā)音要決：舌尖抵上齒齦后部形成阻礙，舌身取發(fā)/r/的姿勢，氣流沖破阻礙發(fā)出短促的t或d之后立即發(fā)/r/。/tr/ 是清輔音，/dr/ 是濁輔音。（四）鼻輔音（3個）發(fā)三個鼻輔音時氣流在不同的位置，程度不同地受阻，最后都通過鼻腔泄出，其中最難的音為/ ? /， 其次應注意/m/在單詞末尾時應閉嘴，另外/n/不能與/l/混淆。1 、/m/ 例詞： me home came some mouth game many 發(fā)音要決：雙唇閉合,軟鶚下垂氣流從鼻腔瀉出，/m/是濁輔音。2 、/ n / 例詞：son run thin neck noon knife number 發(fā)音要決：舌尖緊抵下齒齦形成阻礙，軟鶚下垂氣流從鼻腔瀉出,/n/是濁輔音。3 、/ ? / 例詞：Sing king song thing strong bring發(fā)音要決：舌后部抬起，抵住軟鶚，氣流從鼻腔瀉出，/ ? / 是濁輔音。（五）半元音（2個）1 、/ j / 例詞： yes yard year yellow 發(fā)音要決：舌前部盡量向硬鶚抬起，雙唇平展口微開，氣流從口腔瀉出，可有輕微摩擦聲帶振動，一經(jīng)發(fā)出立即向后面的元音滑動，一起發(fā)/j/。2 、/ w / 例詞： wheat wheel way wood 發(fā)音要決：舌后部向軟鶚抬起，雙唇收圓并向前突出氣流從口腔瀉出聲帶振動，一經(jīng)發(fā)出立即向后面的元音滑動，一起發(fā)/w/。（六）舌側音（1個） 發(fā)音有兩種，清晰的/l/ 和含糊的/l/，清晰的/l/出現(xiàn)在元音前面，含糊的/l/ 出現(xiàn)在輔音前面或詞尾。1 、清晰的/ l / 例詞： letter lesson lion lamp 發(fā)音要決：舌端緊貼上齒齦，舌前部向硬顎抬起。氣流從舌的兩端瀉出口腔l是濁輔音。2 、含糊的/ l / 例詞： ball girl tall bottle 發(fā)音要決：舌端緊貼上齒齦后部，舌前部下陷氣流從舌的兩端瀉出口腔l是濁輔音。3、區(qū)分鼻音n和舌側音l 例詞： /n/ nine now night know l line law light lown44個基本音；代表44個基本音的字母和字母組合；468個不間斷音；30-40常用的前綴和后綴;二十六個輔音b+e=bek+e=ked+e=def+e=feg+e=gebcdfgh+e=hezh+e=zhel+e=lem+e=men+e=nehjlmnp+e=pek+uo=kuor+uo=ruos+e=set+e=tepqurst*v+e=vew+e=weke+se=ksey+e=yez+e=zevwxyzch+e=chesh+e=shech+uo=chuozh+uo=zhuo*s+e=sez+e=zechshtrdrth or th*發(fā)此音時，上齒咬著下嘴唇 *發(fā)此兩個音時，把舌尖伸出上下齒間英輔 bcdfg字母組合 b c k, ck, chdf, phg, gu, ghhjlmnh, whj ,dge, g (i,e,y)lmn, kn, gnpqurstpqur, wrs, c (i,e,y)tvwxyzvw, whxyzchshtrdrth or thch, tchsh, ti, si, citrdrth注：表中下劃線不發(fā)音，g(iey)表示g在字母“i,e,g”前可發(fā)“j”音。C在字母“i,e,y”前必須發(fā)“s”音十八個元音iAaeio*ueiiaiouiua_e*eei_eo_eu_eaeaouarorurowooaireeroiour*此音要發(fā)的比漢語拼音中的“a”要短而窄。*此音要發(fā)的比漢語拼音中的“i”要長而窄。aeiouaea ey ia oo, ou, oo,ua _eeei_eo_eu_eai, ay, ey, eigh,eaea, ie,ei,eey, igh, ieo, oa, ow, oeue, ui, ewarorurowooaraw, au, al ,orir,er,ear,(w)or,urou , owoo,ui, ew, ueairearoieir,air,ear,are,ereEer, ear, ereoy,oi英語單詞的構成元音是單音節(jié)英語單詞中的王，因為它們決定著一個單詞最終的發(fā)音.在單音節(jié)英語單詞中，級別最高的輔音是元音前面緊挨著它的那個輔音.一個元音和它前面緊挨著它的那個輔音共同組成一個不間斷音. 多音節(jié)詞是由不同的不間斷音和其他輔音組成或詞綴組成的。第二部分: 五個長元音長元音“a_e”代表長元音“a_e”的字母: ai, ay, ey, eigh,ea不間斷音: b+ a_e=ba_e26個不間斷音ba_eha_epa_eva_echa_eca_eja_equa_ewa_esha_eda_ela_era_exa_etra_efa_ema_esa_eya_edra_ega_ena_eta_eza_etha_e真詞認讀(1)真詞認讀(2)真詞認讀(3)tablecablelabelfatal ablepaper babybakerbakerybacon favorsavorhastytastyhastenfamouscapablepatrioticpatiencetailorsailormailerdrainerrainybrainydaintydailydaisygailygrainybaileyfrailtymailingsailingfaintingtrainingdrainingdrainagefailurefaintnessnavigategraduatefascinatecandidatesuffocatecalculatefabricateactivatetabulategeneratecelebratedevastatedemonstrateemigratedelegateestimatelegislatelemonade要點在由“-tion”結尾的單詞中，重音一般落在“-tion”前面緊挨著的不間斷音上，而且元音字母發(fā)其字名音，如：“education”。但是如果“-tion”和前面緊挨著的不間斷音被一個輔音字母隔開，前面這個不間斷音的元音字母發(fā)其短元音的音, 如：“transaction”。真詞認讀(4)真詞認讀(5)真詞認讀(6)desolation punctuation generationdestination population transportationdemonstrationobligation connectionseparationjustificationdecorationplantationlegislationinvestigationdominationoccupationeducationinspectiontelevisionbenedictionnomination liberationelevation estimation modernizationfiltration suffocationfederationdeliberationimmigrationconstitutiondeclarationimmunizationfabricationgraduationventilationinspectiontelevisionbenedictionconnectionseparationfabricationgraduationventilationsuffocationfederationdesolationpunctuationgenerationdestinationpopulationtransportationdemonstrationobligationjustificationdecorationmodernizationfiltra tionplantationlegislationinvestigationdominationoccupationeducationnominationliberationelevationestimationrevolutiondedicationcommunication短句認讀I hate to be late on such a date.Jane wants to save my face.Dont make the same mistake.We were born on the same date. You can bake a cake in the same way.I will wait to play a game with Jane.Can you stay in the shade?Just call a spade a spade.Please wait at the gate.Shame on the snake.You need to pray on such a day.Can you stay away from the tray?I will pay for the delay on payday.Do you want to ride in the train in the rain?That is a main gain in the game.He will stay in a jail in Spain for eight days.No pains, no gains!I saw eight whales in the lake.Stay and pray!He is such a brave slave.Stay awake!長元音“ee”長元音“ee”的代表字母和字母組合: ea ie不間斷音: b+ ea=bea26個不間斷音beaheapeaveacheaceajeaqueaweasheadealeareaxeatreafeameaseayeadreageaneateazeathea真詞認讀(1)真詞認讀(2)真詞認讀(3)feverleverlethallegallevismeterpeelerpeepermeekerbeliefdefeatrepeatretreatmedianmediamediateMediumlethargicdealerstealerhealerdeceitreceivereceiptrelieveeaglebeadlebeagleneedlefeasiblebeakercleanerspeakermeagerbeamerweakersqueakersteamer gleanereatermeanerteaserleanerleasersneakerbleakerleaderseekerheelerbleacherpreachercheaterteachereatenneatenbeatenweakenreasonseasonSeatondeceivebreedingcreepingbeamingbeamishbleakishseedingdreamingmeaningcleaningfeelingreliefbelieve短句認讀He is in such a deep sleep.Can you increase the speed?Check the steering wheel?I feel such a sweet breeze in the field.Can you give him a kiss on the cheek?He seems to be asleep in the ship.Where do you want to preach the creed?Read the lease and sign the deeds.Please repeat the speech.It is just a cheap steel wheel.I see three sleeping geese in the field.I need more cheese.長元音“i_e”長元音“i_e”的代表字母和字母組合: i_e y ie igh不間斷音:b+ i_e=bi_e26個不間斷音bi_ehi_epi_evi_echi_eci_eji_equi_ewi_eshi_edi_eli_eri_exi_etri_efi_emi_esi_eyi_edri_egi_eni_eti_ezi_ethi_e真詞認讀(1)真詞認讀(2)真詞認讀(3)rifletriflestiflerivalarrivaldilatedigestdigressbilingualtrilingualphilosophizecriticizejeopardizepressurizesymbolizeemphasizerevolutionizesympathize priorfibertiger cipherprimergiantpiouslilacdigestiblebaptizeempirefranchisetranquilizemaximizetranscribetantalizescandalizesatellitesacrificelibraryprimaryfinancepriorityhibernatemigratetripodbicycletricyclemicrobegalvanizememorizecentralizewesternizeenterprizesummarizerecognizestandardizebaptizeempirefranchise tranquilizemaximizetranscribetantalizescandalize satellitesacrificeminimizeparaliyedescribeprescribeAmericanizesometimeapologizecapitalizegalvanizememorizecentralizewesternizeenterprise summarizerecognizestandardizehumanizemodernizephilosophizecriticizejeopardizepressurizesymbolizeemphasizerevolutionizecharacterizeminimizeparalyzedescribeprescribeAmericanize sometimeapologizemoralizesubsidizefantasizesympathizecharacterizecapitalizemoralizesubsidizefantasizehumanizemodernize短句認讀Out of sight, out of mind.She is my bright child.I drank five glasses of wine last night. What a bright night!It is just a little harmless white lie.I often ride a bike to school.We had a big fight last night.Can you stay by my side?This isnt a right size for my child.I wish I could fly in the sky.Dont cry, my child. We had a good time on a wild night.This is my fight in my life.This is just the right time.Just write her a nice letter.Rain or shine.She is not my wise wife.Can you fly a kite in the sky?Mike has such a nice sweet smile.He might be in his prime time. Sam might be right.Dont bribe a child.長元音“o_e”長元音“o_e”的代表字母和字母組合: o_e oa ow o oe不間斷音: b+ o_e=bo_e26個不間斷音bo_eho_epo_evo_echo_eco_ejo_equo_ewo_esho_edo_elo_ero_exo_etro_efo_emo_eso_eyo_edro_ego_eno_eto_ezo_etho_e真詞認讀(1)真詞認讀(2)真詞認讀(3)momentlocustlocusfocusgofersoberdonormotormolarpolarsolar Polishcoordinatecooperatecoworkerfocaltotalsociallocallogosolo mojotokentonusrodentrodeoromanrotatesodiumpodiumboastercoasterroastertoasterboaterboastfulroamingcoaxingcoatingloaferloathingtoastingsoakingloadablePolandmoaningfloatingboatingloadingloaderpoacherloathermoanerroamertelescopemicroscopetelephone headphonesupposecomposenarrow shallow gallows sallow shadowfellowbarrowpillowwidow swallowreposeexposedeposedisposebuffalopotatotomatotangosoloechomemoKilo video radioproposeinterposeimposeoppose短句認讀Go home to impose.So old to propose.No hope to expose the host.Gold coast to compose.Make a toast to the host.Holy ghost。I know how to tow Joes slow boat.Joe knows the owner of the boat.Rose grows so slow in the snow.Throw Joe his coat.No joke on the road.ET phone home。Show me the gold。To feel cold in the boat。Step on my toe。He chose some rose for Rose。Who wrote those prose。Close the road。A moaning goat。Show Joe the toad。Wind blows the snow。A floating boat。長元音“u_e”長元音“u_e”的代表字母和字母組合: u_e ue ew不間斷音:b+u_e=bu_e不間斷音bu_ehu_epu_ecu_eju_esu_edu_elu_etu_efu_emu_evu_egu_enu_ethu_e 真詞認讀(1) 真詞認讀(2)真詞認讀(3)nuclearnutrienttutorhumanhumormutualtumoreducatebugledutyfuneralmuseummusicnutritionnumerousinstitutedestituteverisimilitudeattitudealtitudelatitudeaptitudenumerous universityuniversaluniverseuniqueunityubiquitousregulatecalculatepeculatearticulatemultitudeassumeresumecapitulateenthusiastichabituategesticulateunilateralduplicatestudent第三部分: 五個普通元音普通元音“ar”普通元音“ar”的代表字母和字母組合: ar不間斷音: b+ar=bar26個不間斷音barharparvarcharcarjarquarwarshardarlarrarxartrarfarmarsaryardrargarnartarzarthar真詞認讀(1)真詞認讀(2)真詞認讀(3)markettargetcarpetgardenhardenDardencarbonfarther garterdarterbarleyhardlystarkly martyrsmarterlarderharderdarkerbarkerbarbermarkersparkerBarkleyarmy DarbylardyarchlystarchysparklycargoembargoFargocharmingdarlingbarbecuebargainbarbariandepartment barbershopbarnaclecardiaccarcasscardinalcharcoalcardiologycarnivalcarpentercartoongarlicgarglegarnishharmless garmentgarbagemarginmartial marblesharmonyharmonicbarrenbarricadebarrierbarrowcarriagechargeableMarxismmarvelousharmoniousBarnyardbarrackscarrotbarreltardyhardybarmyharpyfarthest普通元音“or”元音“or”的代表字母和字母組合: or aw au不間斷音: b+ or=bor26個不間斷音borhorporvorchorcorjorquorworshordorlorrorxortrorformorsoryordrorgornortorzorthor真詞認讀(1)真詞認讀(2)真詞認讀(3)borderportersorterorderformercornerdormerMormongorgon cordonNormanshortenformalnormalmortalsordid morbidorbittorridtorpidcorkagecorporalcorpulentdormantdormitorynormalitymortalityformality normalizeportfolioformalizeimmortalizeformationCordialformulaborderlineforthrightforthcomingfortnightmorningmordantmoreovermorphememorphologycorporateformulatemortgage normativefortunatefortress forwardfortitude gorgeousformidableportraitportraysorghum普通元音“ur”普通元音“ur”的字母和字母組合: ur ir er ear (w)or不間斷音: b+ur=bur26個不間斷音burhurpurvurchurcurjurquurwurshurdurlurrurxurtrurfurmursuryurdrurgurnurturzurthur真詞認讀(1)真詞認讀(2)真詞認讀(3)dirtythirtythirstyjerkyGerbermergerfurbishfurther murderburnermurmurearnerhurdleturtlegirdleburglarturbo herderfermentBermudaburblingfermentablefermentationhurdlerhurterhurlergurgleturnerlearnerjerkinsgirlish skirmishturbot普通元音“ow”普通元音“ow”的代表字母和字母組合: ow ou不間斷音: b+ ow=bow26個不間斷音bowhowpowvowchowcowjowquowwowshowdowlowrowxowtrowfowmowsowyowdrowgownowtowzowthow真詞認讀(1)真詞認讀(2)真詞認讀(3)cowardcowardlydowdynowadayspowderpowerfulpowerfullypowerhousepoweringtowel