NORMEEUROPéENNEEN280-1February2022ICS53.020.99;CSupersedesEN280:2013+A1:2015EnglishVersionMobileelevatingworkplatforms-Part1:Designcalculations-Stabilitycriteria-Construction-Safety-ExaminationsandtestsPlates-formesélévatricesmobilesdepersonnel-Partie1:Calculsdeconception-Critèresdestabilité-Construction-Sécurité-ExamensetessaisFahrbareHubarbeitsbühnen-Teil1:Berechnung-Standsicherheit-Bau-Sicherheit-PrüfungenThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon12December2021.CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentreortoanyCENmember.ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).AversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslationundertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentrehasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TurkeyandUnitedKingdom.COMITéEUROPéENDENORMALISATIONEUROP?ISCHESKOMITTEEFüRNORMUNGCEN-CENELECManagementCentre:RuedelaScience23,B-1040BrusselsC2022CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyforEN280-1:2022(E)Europeanforeword 5Introduction 7 82Normativereferences 93Termsanddefiniti 4Safetyrequirementsand/ormeasures 4.1General 4.2Structuralandstabilitycalculation 4.2.1General 4.2.3Determinationofloadsandforces 4.2.4Stabilitycalculat 4.2.5Structuralcalculations 4.3Chassisandstabilizers 4.3.1Chassis 4.3.2Stabilizers 4.4Extendingstructur 4.4.1Methodstoavoidoverturningandexceedingpermissiblestresse 4.5Extendingstructuredrivesystems 4.5.1General 4.5.2Wireropedrivesystem 4.5.3Chaindrivesystems 4.5.4Leadscrewdrivesystem 4.5.5Rackandpiniondrivesystems 4.6Workplatform 4.7.9Overriding 4.8Electricalequipment 4.9Hydraulicsystems 4.10Hydrauliccylinder 4.11Safetydevicesandsafetyfunction 4.12Noise 4.12.1General 4.12.2Noisedeterminationanddeclaration 5Verificationofthesafetyrequirementsand/ormeasures 5.1Examinationsandtests 5.1.1General 5.1.4Tests 5.3Testsbeforeplacingonthemarke 6Informationforuse 2 AnnexC(informative)Dynamicfactors AnnexD(normative)Calculationofwireropedriv D.3Calculationofropediameters(coeffic D.5Efficiencyofwireropedrivesystems E.1Methodusedtodeterminethecoefficientsandratiosusedfor4.5.2(wirer E.1.3AnnexD(normative E.1.4Calculationexample E.2Calculationofthediametersofropedrums,pulleysandstaticpulleys G.5Useofmorethanoneoperatorcontrolstation G.6Battery-poweredo 3 I.3.3Simplified AnnexK(normative)Requireme K.1.2Performance K.2Requirementsforunmonitorednon-electricalAnnexL(informative)Informationonrescuep AnnexM(normative)NoiseTestCode RequirementsofDirective 4platforms”,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN.ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyAugust2022,aAttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementpatentrights.CENshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyingaEN280-1:2022includesthefollowingmajorchangeswithrespecttoEN280:2013+A1一3.12:definitionof"travelling"hasbeenspecified;一3.29:newdefinitionof“l(fā)oweredtravelposition”;一3.30:newdefinitionof“Safetyfunction”;一3.31:newdefinition“Elevatedtravelposition”;一4.6.1:requirementsformanualadjustmentoftheworkplatformexceeding5°wasamended;一4.6.9:protectionofhandswastotallyrewordedwithregardtodifferentrequirementsforthe一4.7.2:therestrictionwasadded:“whentheworkplatformisoutoftheloweredtravelpositionand/or一AnnexZA:AdoptionoftheannextonewVariouseditorialchangesweremadThisdocumenthasbeenprepCommissionandtheEuropeanFreeTradeAssociation,andsupportsessentialrequirementsoDirective(s).ForrelationshipwithEUDirective(s),seeinformativAcompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundontheCENwebsite.56EN280-1:2022(E)AccordingtotheCEN-CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganisationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TurkeyandtheUnitedKingdom.7EN280-1:2022(E)IntroductionThisdocumentisatypeCstandardasstatedinENISO12100:2010.Themachineryconcernedandtheextenttowhichhazards,hazardoussituationsandhazardouseventsarecoveredareindicatedinthescopeofthisdocument.WhenprovisionsofthistypeCstandardaredifferentfromthosewhicharestatedintypeAorBstandards,theprovisionsofthistypeCstandardtakeprecedenceovertheprovisionsoftheotherstandards,formachinesthathavebeendesignedandbuiltaccordingtotheprovisionsofthistypeCstandard.TheobjectofthisdocumentistodefinerulesforsafeguardingpersonsandobjectsagainsttheriskofaccidentsassociatedwiththeoperationofMobileElevatingWorkPlatforms(MEWPs).—Thisdocumentdoesnotrepeatallthegeneraltechnicalrulesapplicabletoeveryelectrical,mechanicalorstructuralcomponent.—ThesafetyrequirementsofthisdocumenthavebeendrawnuponthebasisthatMEWPsareperiodicallymaintainedaccordingtomanufacturers'instructions,workingconditions,frequencyofuseandnationalregulations.ItisassumedthatMEWPsareusedonlybyqualifiedandtrainedoperators.ItisalsoassumedthatMEWPsarecheckedforfunctiondailybytheoperatorbeforestartofworkandarenotputintooperationunlessallrequiredcontrolandsafetydevices/functionsareavailableandinworkingorder.IfaMEWPisseldomused,thechecksmaybemadebeforestartofwork.—Asfaraspossiblethisdocumentsetsoutonlytherequirementsthatmaterialsandequipmentneedtomeetintheinterestofsafety,anditisassumedthatpersonsoperatingMEWPsareadequatelytrained.—Whereforclarityanexampleofasafetymeasureisgiveninthetext,thisdoesnotneedtobeconsideredastheonlypossiblesolution.Anyothersolutionleadingtothesameriskreductionispermissibleifanequivalentlevelofsafetyisachieved.—Asnosatisfactoryexplanationcouldbefoundforthedynamicfactorsusedforstabilitycalculationsinpreviousnationalstandards,theresultsofthetestscarriedoutbytheformerCEN/TC98/WG1todetermineasuitablefactorandstabilitycalculationmethodforMEWPshavebeenadopted.ThetestmethodisdescribedinAnnexC(informative)asaguideformanufacturerswishingtousehigherorloweroperatingspeedsandtotakeadvantageofdevelopmentsincontrolsystems.Similarly,toavoidtheunexplainedinconsistenciesincoefficientsofutilizationforwireropesfoundinotherstandardsforliftingdevices,appropriateextractsofthewidelyacceptedstandardDIN15020-1havebeentakeninto4.5.2andAnnexD(normative)withaworkedexampleinAnnexE(informative).Thisdocumentmayalsobeusedasguidanceforstaticelevatingworkplatformswheretheverticalprojectionofthecentreoftheareaoftheplatformcanbeoutsidethetippinglines.EN280-1:2022(E)81.1ThisdocumentspecifiessafetyrequirementsandmeasuresforalltypesandsizesofMobileElevatingWorkPlatform(MEWP,see3.1)intendedtomovepersonstoworkingpositionswheretheyarecarryingoutworkfromtheworkplatform(WP)withtheintentionthatpersonsaregettingonandofftheworkplatformonlyataccesspositionsatgroundleveloronthechassis.NOTEMachinesdesignedforthehandlingofgoodswhich1.2Thisdocumentisapplicabletothestructuraldesigncalculationsandstabilitycriteria,construction,safetyexaminationsandtestsbeforeMEWPsarefirstputintoservice.ItidentifiesthehazardsarisingfromtheuseofMEWPsanddescribesmethodsfortheeliminationorreductionofthesehazards.Itdoesnotcoverthehazardsarisingfrom:a)useinpotentiallyexplosiveatmospheres;b)workfromtheplatformonexternalliveelectricsystems;c)useofcompressedgasesforloadbearingcomponents;d)gettingonandofftheworkplatformatchanginglevels;1.3Thisdocumentdoesnotapplyto:a)machineryservingfixedlandings(seee.g.EN81-20:2020andEN81-50:2020,EN12159:2012);b)fire-fightingandfirerescueappliances(seee.g.EN1777:2010);c)unguidedworkcagessuspendedfromliftingappliances(seee.g.EN1808:2015);d)elevatingoperatorpositiononraildependentstorageandretrievalequipment(seeEN528:2021);e)taillifts(seeEN1756-1:2021andEN1756-2:2004+A1:2009);f)mastclimbingworkplatforms(seeEN1495:1997+A2:2009);g)fairgroundequipment;h)liftingtables(seeEN1570-1:2011+A1:2014andEN1570-2:2016);i)aircraftgroundsupportequipment(seee.g.EN1915-1:2013andEN1915-2:2001+A1:2009);j)elevatingoperatorpositionsonindustrialtrucks(seeENISO3691-3:2016).MEWPsaredividedintotwomaingroups:a)GroupA:MEWPswheretheverticalprojectionofthecentreoftheareaoftheplatforminallplatformconfigurationsatthemaximumchassisinclinationspecifiedbythemanufacturerisalwaysinsidethetippinglines.EN280-1:2022(E)9Relatingtotravelling,MEWPsaredividedintothreetypes:1)Type1:TravellingisonlyallowedwiththeMEWPinitstransportposition;2)Type2:Travellingwithliftedworkplatformiscontrolledfromapointofcontrolatthechassis;3)Type3:Travellingwithliftedworkplatformiscontrolledfromapointofcontrolattheworkplatform.Thefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.EN12385-4:2002+A1:2008,Steelwireropes-Safety-Part4:StrandedropesforgeneralliftingapplicationsEN13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018,Cranes-Generaldesign-Part3-1:LimitstatesandproofcompetenceofsteelstructureEN14033-1:2017,Railwayapplications-Track-Railboundconstructionandmaintenancemachines-Part1:TechnicalrequirementsforrunningEN14033-2:2017,Railwayapplications-Track-Railboundconstructionandmaintenancemachines-Part2:TechnicalrequirementsfortravellingandworkingEN14033-3:2017,Railwayapplications-Track-Railboundconstructionandmaintenancemachines-Part3:GeneralsafetyreEN14033-4:2019,Railwayapplications-Track-Railboundconstructionandmaintenancemachines-Part4:Technicalrequirementsforrunning,travellingandworkingonurbanrailEN15746-1:2020,Railwayapplications-Track-Road-railmachinesandassociatedequipment-Part1:TechnicalrequirementsfortravellingandworkingEN15746-2:2020,Railwayapplications-Track-Road-railmachinesandassociatedequipment-Part2:EN15954-1:2013,Railwayapplications-Track-Trailersandassociatedequipment-Part1:TechnicalrequirementsforrunningandworkingEN15954-2:2013,Railwayapplications-Track-Trailersandassociatedequipment-Part2:GeneralsafetyrequirementsEN15955-1:2013,Railwayapplications-Track-Demountablemachinesandassociatedequipment-Part1:TechnicalrequirementsforrunningandworkingEN15955-2:2013,Railwayapplications-Track-Demountablemachinesandassociatedequipment-Part2:GeneralsafetyreEN280-1:2022(E)EN60068-2-64:2008,1Environmentaltesting-Part2-64:Tests-TestFh:Vibration,broadbandrandomandguidance(IEC60068-2-64:2008)EN61310-1:2008,Safetyofmachinery-Indication,markingandactuation-Part1:Requirementsforvisual,acousticandtactilesignals(IEC61310-1:2007)EN60204-1:2018,Safetyofmachinery-Electricalequipmentofmachines-Part1:Generalrequirements(IEC60204-1:2016)EN60204-32:2008,Safetyofmachinery-Electricalequipmentofmachines-Part32:Requirementsforhoistingmachines(IEC60204-32:2008)EN60529:1991,2Degreesofprotectionprovidedbyenclosures(IPCode)(IEC60529:1991)EN62061:2005,3Safetyofmachinery-Functionalsafetyofsafety-relatedelectrical,electronicandprogrammableelectroniccontrolsystems(IEC62061:2005)ENISO3744:2010,Acoustics-Determinationofsoundpowerlevelsandsoundenergylevelsofnoisesourcesusingsoundpressure-EngineeringmethodsforanessentiallyfreefieldoverareflectingplaneENISO4871:2009,Acoustics-Declarationandverificationofnoiseemissionvaluesofmachineryandequipment(ISO4871:1996)ENISO11201:2010,Acoustics-Noiseemittedbymachineryandequipment-Determinationofemissionsoundpressurelevelsataworkstationandatotherspecifiedpositionsinanessentiallyfreefieldoverareflectingplanewithnegligibleenvironmentalcorrections(ISO11201:2010)ENISO12100:2010,Safetyofmachinery-Generalprinciplesfordesign-Riskassessmentandriskreduction(ISO12100:2010)ENISO13849-1:2015,Safetyofmachinery-Safety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystems-Part1:Generalprinciplesfordesign(ISO13849-1:2015)ENISO13849-2:2012,Safetyofmachinery-Safety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystems-Part2:Validation(ISO13849-2:2012)ENISO13850:2015,Safetyofmachinery-Emergencystopfunction-Principlesfordesign(ISO13850:2015)ENISO13854:2019,Safetyofmachinery-MinimumgapstoavoidcrushingofpartsofthehumanbodyISO4305:2014,Mobilecranes-DeterminationofstabilityISO4309:2017,Cranes-Wireropes-Careandmaintenance,inspectionanddiscardENISO11688-1:2009,Acoustics-Recommendedpracticeforthedesignoflow-noisemachineryandequipment-Part1:Planning(ISO/TR11688-1:1995)1AsimpactedbyEN60068-2-64:2008/A1:2019.2AsimpactedbyEN60529:1991/AC:1993-05,EN60529:1991/A1:2000,EN60529:1991/A2:2013,EN280-1:2022(E)Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninENISO12100:2010andthefollowingapply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologicaldatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses:—IECElectropedia:availableat/—ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableat/obp3.1mobileelevatingworkplatform(MEWP)mobilemachinethatisintendedtomovepersonstoworkingpositionswheretheyarecarryingoutworkfromtheworkplatformwiththeintentionthatpersonsaregettingonandofftheworkplatformonlyataccesspositionsatgroundleveloronthechassisandwhichconsistsasaminimumofaworkplatformwithcontrols,anextendingstructureandachassis3.2workplatformfencedplatformoracagewhichcanbemovedunderloadtotherequiredworkingpositionandfromwhicherection,repair,inspectionorsimilarworkcanbecarriedout3.3extendingstructurestructurewhichisconnectedtothechassisandsupportstheworkplatformandwhichallowsmovementoftheworkplatformtoitsrequiredposition3.4chassisbaseoftheMEWP,whichmaybepulled,pushed,self-propelled,etc.orstationary3.5stabilisersdevicesandsystemsusedtostabiliseMEWPsbysupportingand/orlevellingthecompleteMEWPortheextendingstructure,e.g.jacks,suspensionlockingdevices,extendingaxles3.6accesspositionposition(s)toprovideaccesstoandfromtheworkplatformEN280-1:2022(E)3.7transportpositionconfiguration(s)oftheMEWPprescribedbythemanufacturerinwhichtheMEWPisintendedtobedeliveredtotheplaceofuse3.8loweringoperationstomovetheworkplatformtoalowerlevelliftingoperationstomovetheworkplatformtoahigherlevel3.10rotatingcircularmovementoftheworkplatformaboutaverticalaxis3.11circularmovementoftheextendingstructureaboutaverticalaxis3.12travellingmovementsofthechassisexceptduringtransportation3.13vehiclemountedMEWPMEWPwherethechassisisavehicleandwheretravellingcontrolsarelocatedwithinthecabofthevehicle3.14pedestriancontrolledMEWPMEWPwherethecontrolsforpoweredmovementinthetransportpositionarelocatedsothattheyarecapableofbeingoperatedbyapersonwalkingclosetotheMEWP3.15self-propelledMEWPMEWPwherethetravellingcontrolsarelocatedattheworkplatformEN280-1:2022(E)3.16ratedloadloadforwhichtheMEWPhasbeendesignedfornormaloperationandwhichiscomposedofpersons,toolsandmaterialactingverticallyontheworkplatform3.17loadcyclecyclestartingfromtheaccessposition,carryingoutworkandreturningtotheaccessposition3.18wireropedrivesystemsystemthatcomprisesoneormorewirerope(s)runningonropedrumsandonoroverropepulleysaswellasanyassociatedropedrums,ropepulleysandcompensatingpulleys3.19chaindrivesystemsystemthatcomprisesoneormorechain(s)runningonchainsprocketsandonoroverchainpulleysaswellasanyassociatedchainsprockets,chainpulleysandcompensatingpulleys3.20typetesttestontherepresentativemodelofanewdesignoroneincorporatingsignificantchangestoanexistingdesign,carriedoutbyoronbehalfofthemanufacturerortheirauthorisedrepresentative3.21totallymanuallypoweredMEWPMEWPwithmovementpoweredonlybymanualeffort3.22MEWPwheretravellingisguidedbyrails3.23loadsensingsystemsystemofmonitoringtheverticalloadandverticalforcesontheworkplatform3.24momentsensingsystemsystemofmonitoringthemomentactingaboutthetippinglinetendingtooverturntheMEWP3.25wirelesscontrolmeansbywhichtheMEWPoperator'scommandsaretransmittedwithoutanyphysicalconnectionforatleastpartofthedistancebetweenthecontrolconsoleandtherestofthecontrolsystemEN280-1:2022(E)3.26self-revealingfailureorfaultfailureorfaultofacomponentwherethefailureorfaultisapparenttotheMEWPoperatorandcanberevealedwithouttheuseofmonitoringservices一changesofoperatingcharacteristics,and/or一visualevidence,and/or一audibleevidence,and/or3.27workingenvelopespaceinwhichtheworkplatformisdesignedtoworkwithinthespecifiedloadsandforcesundernormaloperatingconditions3.28exchangeableworkplatformworkplatformaccordingto3.2whichisintendedtobeexchangedwithoutusingtools3.29loweredtravelpositionconfiguration(s)oftheMEWPfortraveluptomaximumtravelspeed3.30safetyfunctionfunctionofamachinewhosefailurecanresultinanimmediateincreaseoftherisk(s)3.31elevatedtravelpositionconfigurationoftheMEWP(3.1)fortraveloutsidetheloweredtravelposition(3.29)3.32personalfallprotectionsystemassemblyofcomponentsforprotectionagainstfallsfromaheight,includingabodyholdingdeviceandanattachmentsystem,whichcanbeconnectedtoareliableanchoragepoint(see3.2.1ofEN363:2018)EN280-1:2022(E)f3.33firstdescentlimit'firstdescentlimit'isapositionwheretheverticaldistancebetweentheouterendsofthescissorsisnotlessthan50mm,sothatcrushingandshearingoffingerscannotoccur3.34variableoperatingparametersoperatingparametersoftheMEWP(e.g.workingenvelope,ratedload,maximumallowableslope,wind,n.ofpeople,etc.)whosecombinationgeneratesdifferentoperatingconditions3.35monitoredvariableoperatingparametersvariableoperatingparametersthatarecontrolledbyasafetyfunction3.36potholeprotectionmeanstomitigatetheeffectofenteringadepression日日2323423日23KeyFigure1—Illustrationofsomedefinitions(1)EN280-1:2022(E)a)lowering/lifting(see3.8and3.9)d)travelling(see3.12)Figure2—Illustrationofsomedefinitions(2)4Safetyrequirementsand/ormeasures4.1General4.1.1Machineryshallcomplywiththesafetyrequirementsand/orprotectivemeasuresofthisclause.Forsignificanthazards,hazardoussituationsandevents,asfarastheyaredealtwithinthisdocument,seeAnnexA.Inaddition,themachineshallbedesignedaccordingtotheprinciplesofENISO12100:2010forrelevantbutnotsignificanthazards,whicharenotdealtwithbythisdocument.4.1.2TotallymanuallypoweredMEWPshavingaheightoftheflooroftheworkplatformabovegroundlevelnotexceeding5m(see6.2.17)areexemptedfromallsafetyrequirementswhichcannotbemetwithoutpowersupplyEN280-1:2022(E)4.2Structuralandstabilitycalculations4.2.1GeneralItisthemanufacturer'sresponsibility:a)forstructuralcalculations,toevaluatetheindividualloadsandforcesintheirpositions,directionsandcombinationsproducingtheleastfavourablestressesinthecomponents,andb)forstabilitycalculations,toidentifythevariouspositionsoftheMEWPandcombinationsofloadsandforcescreatingtogetherconditionsofminimumstability.4.2.2LoadsandforcesThefollowingloadsandforcesshallbetakenintoaccount:b)deadweights(see);c)windloads(see);d)manualforces(see);e)specialloadsandforces(see).4.2.3DeterminationofloadsandforcesRatedloadTheratedloadmis:wherempis80kg(massofaperson);meis≥40kg(minimummassoftoolsandmaterial);nisthepermittednumberofpersonsontheworkplatform.Themassofeachpersonisassumedtoactasapointloadontheworkplatformandanyplatformextensionatahorizontaldistanceof0,1mfromtheupperinsideedgeofthetoprail.Thedistancebetweenthepointloadsshallbe0,5m(seeFigure3asanexample).Themassofequipmentisassumedtoactasanevenlydistributedloadon25%oftheflooroftheworkplatform.Iftheresultingpressureexceeds3kN/m2thefigureof25%maybeincreasedtoafiguregivingapressureof3kN/m2(seeFigure4asanexample).Alltheseloadsareassumedtobelocatedinthepositionsgivingthemostsevereresults.Theaboveratedloadreferstothemaximumpeopleandmaterialsloadsthatcanbeplacedonthedeckincludinganyextension.Lowerratedloadscanbespecifiedforextension(s)andunderthesecircumstancestheloaddistributionsspecifiedin.1,.2andwillneedtobetakenintoaccount.EN280-1:2022(E)Figure3—Ratedload-personsFigure4—Ratedload-equipmentDeadweightsThemassesofthecomponentsoftheMEWPwhentheyarenotmovingshallbetakentobestaticdeadweights.ThemassesofthecomponentsoftheMEWPwhentheyaremovingshallbetakentobedynamicdeadweights.Windloads.1AllMEWPsusedout-of-doorsareregardedasbeingaffectedbywindatapressureof100N/m2,equivalenttoawindspeedof12,5m/s(BeaufortScale6).WindforcesareassumedtoacthorizontallyatthecentreofareaofthepartsoftheMEWPandpersonsandequipmentontheworkplatformandshallbetakentobedynamicforces.EN280-1:2022(E)ThisdoesnotapplytoMEWPsintendedforindooruseonly(see6.2.7)..2Shapefactorsappliedtoareasexposedtowind:b)boxsections:1,4;d)circularsections,accordingtosize:0,8/1,2;e)personsdirectlyexposed:1,0.Ifadditionalinformationisneeded,especiallyconcerningshieldedstructuralareas,seeISO4302:2016.Forshieldedpersonssee..3.3.3Areaofpersonsonaworkplatformexposedtowind:.3.1Thefullareaofonepersonshallbe0,7m2(0,4maveragewidth×1,75mheight)withthecentreofarea1,0mabovetheworkplatformfloor..3.2Theexposedareaofonepersonstandingonaworkplatformbehindanimperforatesectionoffencing1,1mhighshallbe0,35m2withthecentreofarea1,45mabovetheworkplatformfloor..3.3Thenumberofpersonsdirectlyexposedtothewindshallbecalculatedas:a)thelengthofthesideoftheworkplatformexposedtothewind,roundedtothenearest0,5m,anddividedby0,5m,orb)thenumberofpersonsallowedontheworkplatformiflessthanthenumbercalculatedina)..3.4Ifthenumberofpersonsallowedontheworkplatformisgreaterthanin.3.3a)ashapefactorof0,6shallbeappliedtotheextranumberofpersons..4Thewindforceonexposedtoolsandmaterialsontheworkplatformshallbecalculatedas3%oftheirmass,actinghorizontallyataheightof0,5mabovetheworkplatformfloor.ManualforceTheminimumvalueforthemanualforceMshallbetakenas200NforMEWPsdesignedtocarryonlyonepersonand400NforMEWPsdesignedto