IC基礎知識一、主被動元器件的定義二、主動元器件的分類目錄被動元器件（PassiveComponents)又叫無源器件，相對於主動元件來說的，是指不影響信號基本特徵，而僅令訊號通過而未加以更動的電路元件。最常見的有電阻、電容、電感、變壓器等。主動原器件（ActiveComponents）又叫有源器件，一般用來信號放大、變換等，無源器件用來進行信號傳輸，或者通過方向性進行“信號放大”。能控制電壓或電流，或在電路中創造轉換的動作-。二極管、三極管、IC、晶振、傳感器都是有源的。一、主被動元器件的定義

Electroniccomponent電子元件：Passivecomponent被動元件Activecomponent主動元件Electromagneticcomponent電磁元件Electromechanicalcomponent機電元件Electro-opticcomponent光電元件Printedboard印制電路板Wireandcable線材ComponentFamily元器件族系

Activecomponents主動元件：Discretesemiconductor分立半導體IC集成電路HybridIC混合集成電路Activeoscillator有源振蕩器Activecomponentssub-family主動元件子族系Discretesemiconductor分立半導體：Diode二極管Transistor晶體管Thyristor晶閘管Discretesemiconductorgroup分立半導體分類Diode二極管Diodecanbeclassifiedbyvarioustype基于不同的分類方式，二極管有不同的分類：Classificationbyworkingfrequency根據工作頻率分類Classificationbystructure根據結構分類Classificationbyforwardcurrent根據正向額定電流分類Classificationbyintegratability根據集成度分類Classificationbyshape根據組裝工藝分類Discretesemiconductorgroup分立半導體分類Diode二極管Classificationbyworkingfrequency根據工作頻率可分為High-frequencyband高頻波段Generalpurposefrequencyband普通波段(f=<1MHz)Discretesemiconductorgroup分立半導體分類Diode二極管Classificationbystructure根據結構可分為Planardiode平面型二極管Mesadiode臺面型二極管Discretesemiconductorgroup分立半導體分類Diode二極管Classificationbyforwardcurrent根據正向額定電流可分為Small-signaldiode小信號二極管（=<1A）Rectifierdiode整流二極管（>1A）Discretesemiconductorgroup分立半導體分類Diode二極管Classificationbyintegratability根據集成度可分為Discretetypediode分立二極管Diodearrays二極管陣列Discretesemiconductorgroup分立半導體分類Diode二極管Classificationbyshape根據組裝工藝可分為THTdiode通孔型二極管SMTdiode貼片型二極管Discretesemiconductorgroup分立半導體分類Diode二極管DiodeI-Vcharacteristic二極管伏安特性Rectifierdiode整流二極管Zenerdiode穩壓二極管Switchdiode開關二極管Diode二極管Diodepolarity二極管是極性元件Markingiscathode負極標識Nomarkingforbi-directional雙向TVS管無極性標識Diode二極管Rectifydiode整流二極管Unilateralconductivity二極管的單向導電性Diode二極管Switchdiode開關二極管Switchcharacteristics二極管的開關特性Diode二極管Zenerdiode穩壓二極管Zenerdiodereversecharacteristic穩壓二極管的反向特性Diode二極管Transistorcanbeclassifiedbyvarioustype根據不同的分類方式，晶體管可分為Classificationbyconstruction根據結構分類Classificationbypowerdissipation根據功耗分類Classificationbyintegratability根據集成度分類Classificationbyshape根據組裝工藝分類Discretesemiconductorgroup分立半導體分類Transistor晶體管Classificationbyconstruction根椐構造可分為Bipolartransistor雙極性晶體管（三極管）Unipolartransistor/Fieldeffecttransistor單極性晶體管（即FET場效應管）Transistor晶體管Classificationbypowerdissipation根據功耗可分為Small-signaltransistor小信號晶體管（<1W）Powertransistor功率晶體管（>=1W）Transistor晶體管Classificationbyintegratability根據集成度可分為Discretetypetransistor分立晶體管Compositetransistor合成晶體管*digitaltransistorisBRT,thisistransistorwithbuilt-inresistorTransistor晶體管Classificationbyshape根據組裝工藝可分為THTtransistor通孔型晶體管SMTtransistor貼片型晶體管Transistor晶體管Bipolartransistor/Transistor雙極性晶體管即三極管PNPtransistorPNP型三極管NPNtransistorNPN型三極管Bipolartransistor/Transistor雙極性晶體管Transistorpin-out三極管的腳位ForTO-92andSOT-23,pin-outisgenerallydefinedwithAfigure對于TO-92和SOT-23封裝的三極管腳位通常如右圖所示Variouspin-outforvariousitems不同的型號有不同的腳位NPNTransistorI-VcharacteristicNPN型三極管伏安特性Unipolartransistor/Fieldeffecttransistor單極性晶體管（即FET場效應管）NchannelJFETN通道J型場效應管PchannelJFETP通道J型場效應管NchannelMOSFETN通道MOS型場效應管PchannelMOSFETP通道MOS型場效應管FETpin-out場效應管的腳位Variouspin-outforvariousitems不同的型號有不同的腳位NchannelJFETcharacteristiccurveN通道J型場效應管特性曲線PchannelJFETcharacteristiccurveP通道J型場效應管特性曲線NchannelMOSFETcharacteristiccurveN通道MOS型場效應管特性曲線PchannelMOSFETcharacteristiccurveP通道MOS型場效應管特性曲線Thyristor晶閘管SCR/Siliconcontrolledrectifier單向可控硅TRIAC/BCR雙向可控硅DIAC雙向觸發二極管PUT可編程單結晶體管Thyritor晶閘管SCR單向可控硅Thyritor晶閘管BCR雙向可控硅Thyritor晶閘管DIAC雙向觸發二極管Thyritor晶閘管PUT可編程單結晶體管Thyritor晶閘管IC集成電路Classificationbypackage根據封裝形式可分為SinglepackageDualpackageQuadpackageBGApackageCSP/chipscalepackageClassificationbyconstruction根據制造工藝可分為Analog&mixedsignal模擬與混合信號ICDigitallogic數字邏輯ICICgroup集成電路分類Analog&mixedSignal模擬與混合信號ICADC/DAC模數/數模轉換ICAudio&Modem音頻/調制ICController控制ICOPamp運算放大器Opto-coupler光耦Powerconverter電源變換ICSwitchanalog模擬開關ICVideointerface視頻接口ICVoltagereference電壓參考ICVoltageregulator電壓調整ICRF射頻ICIC集成電路

Digitallogic數字邏輯IC分為：Standardlogic標準邏輯ICProgrammablelogic可編程邏輯ICMemory存貯器Processor處理器SpecializedIC專用ICLAN/WAN/Interface局域網/廣域網/接口ICBus總線ICClassificationbyfunction根據用途可分為Generalpurposelinear通用線性ICPowermanagement/電源管理ICThermalmanagement/熱管理ICClockmanagement/時鐘管理ICStandardlogic/標準邏輯ICOtherlogic/其它邏輯ICMemory/存貯器Process/處理器Optoelectronics光電ICRF射頻ICICpackage集成電路封裝形式Singlepackage單列封裝Dualpackage雙列封裝Quadpackage四列扁平封裝BGApackage球柵列陣封裝CSP/chipscalepackage晶片級封裝Singlepackage單列封裝SIP-THT單列通孔封裝SIP-SMT單列貼片封裝SIP-THT單列通孔封裝TO-XXXSIP-SMT單列貼片封裝Dualpackage雙列封裝DIP/DualInlinePackage雙列直插封裝SOT-23/StandardOutlineTransistorSC-70/SingleChipSOIC/SmallOutlineICSSOP/ShrinkSmallOutlinePackageTSOP/ThinSmallOutlinePackageTSSOP/ThinShrinkSmallOutlinePackageDIP封裝Material封裝材料PlasticDIP/nonhermeticpackagePDIP非密封型CeramicDIP/hermeticpackageCDIP密封型*Size&Pin#1index尺寸和第一腳位標識Popularbodywidthis300milsand600mils通常的寬度是300毫英寸和600毫英寸PropertiesofSomeExamplesofPDIP部分PDIP封裝的屬性LeadCount Width Length Thickness Pitch Max.Height 8 6.52mm 9.53mm 3.24mm 2.54mm 4.19mm 10 6.61mm 22.86mm 3.94mm 2.54mm 4.95mm 12/16 6.61mm 29.91mm 3.94mm

2.54mm 5.33mm 22 13.53mm37.4mm 7.75mm 2.54mm 8.89mm 24 13.71mm 31.75mm 4.57mm 2.54mm 5.08mm 28 13.525mm37.4mm 4.07mm 2.54mm 6.35mm SOT-23/SC-70封裝Material材料Nonhermeticpackage非密封型Size&Pin#1indicator尺寸和第一腳位標識PropertiesofsomeSOT-23/SC-70Package部分SOT-23/SC-70封裝的屬性Part# No.ofPins BodyLength BodyWidth BodyThickness LeadPitch 5-LSOT-23 5 115mils 63mils 40mils 37.5mils 6-LSOT-23 6 115mils 63mils 40mils 37.5mils 5-LSC70 5 79mils 49mils 35mils 25.5mils 5-LSC70 5 83mils 49mils 35mils 25.5mils SOIC封裝Material材料Nonhermeticpackage非密封型TypeGullwingleads歐翼型/SOICJ-typeleadsJ型/SOJSize&Pin#1indicator尺寸和第一腳位標識SOIC不同的寬度SOICnarrow(150mils)常用的SOICwide(300mils)常用的PropertiesofsomeSOIC部分SOIC封裝的屬性Part# No.ofPins LeadStyle BodyWidth QtyPerTube TapeWidth TapePitch Qty13"Reel SO8G 8 Gull 3.8mm 99 12mm 8mm 2,500 SO14G 14 Gull 3.8mm 50 16mm 8mm 2,500 SO16G 16 Gull 3.8mm 50 16mm 8mm 2,500 SO16G 16 Gull 7.6mm 46 16mm 12mm 1,000 SO20G 20 Gull 7.6mm 38 24mm 12mm 1,000 SO28G 28 Gull 7.6mm 25 24mm 12mm 1,000 SO44G 44 Gull 13.3mm 17 24mm 45mm 750 PropertiesofsomeSOJ部分SOJ封裝的屬性PartNumber NumberofPins LeadStyle BodyWidth QtyPerTube TapeWidth TapePitch Qty13"Reel SO20/26J 20/26 J-Lead 7.6mm 25 24mm 12mm 1,000 SO28J 28 J-Lead 7.6mm 27 24mm 12mm 1,000 SO32J 32 J-Lead 7.6mm 25 24mm 12mm 1,000 SO40J 40 J-Lead 10.0mm 15 44mm 16mm 500 SO42J 42 J-Lead 10.0mm 15 44mm 16mm 500 SSOPMaterial材料Nonhermeticpackage非密封型Size&Pin#1indicator尺寸和第一腳位標識PropertiesofsomeSSOP部分SSOP封裝的屬性PartNumber No.ofPins BodyWidth Pitch QtyPerTube TapeWidth TapePitch Qty13"Reel SSOP8 8 5.3mm 0.65mm 156 12mm 8mm 2,500 SSOP14/16 14/16 5.3mm 0.65mm 100/80 16mm 12mm 1,000 SSOP20/24 20/24 5.3mm 0.65mm 66/62 16mm 12mm 1,000 SSOP28 28 5.3mm 0.65mm 47 16mm 12mm 1,000 SSOP48 48 7.6mm 1.27mm 30 32mm 12/16mm 1,000 SSOP56 56 7.6mm 1.27mm 26 32mm 12/16mm 500 SSOP64 64 10.2mm 0.8mm — 44mm 16/24mm 500 TSOPNonhermeticpackage非密封型1.0mmthickness1.0毫米厚TwotypesTSOPI(leadsfromshorteredges)TSOPII(leadsfromlongeredges)PropertiesofsomeTSOP-Itype部分TSOP-I封裝的特性PartNumber No.ofPins BodySize LeadPitch QtyPerTray TapeWidth TapePitch Qty13"Reel TSOP20/24 20/24 6x14.4mm 0.5mm 240 24mm 12mm 1,000 TSOP28 28 8.1x11.8mm 0.55mm 234 24mm 12mm 1,000 TSOP28/32 28/32 8x18.4mm 0.5mm 156 32mm 12/16mm 1,000 TSOP40 40 10x18.4mm 0.5mm 120 32mm 16mm 1,000 TSOP48 48 12x18.4mm 0.5mm 96 32mm 16mm 1,000 PropertiesofsomeTSOP-IItype部分TSOP-II封裝的特性PartNumber No.ofPins BodySize LeadPitch QtyPerTray TapeWidth TapePitch Qty13"Reel TSOP20/24/26 20/24/26 7.6x17.14mm 1.27mm 176 24mm 12mm 1,000 TSOP24/28 24/28 10.16x18.41mm 1.27mm 100 32mm 16mm 1,000 TSOP32 32 10.16x20.95mm 1.27mm 117 32mm 16mm 1,000 TSOP40/44 40/44 10.16x18.42mm 0.8mm 135 32mm 16mm 1,000 TSOP50 50 10.16x20.95mm 0.8mm 117 32mm 16mm 1,000 TSOP54 54 12.7x22.22mm 0.8mm 84 44mm 20mm 1,000 TSOP66 66 10.16x22.22mm 0.65mm 44mm 20mm 1,000 TSSOPMaterial材料Nonhermeticpackage非密封型Size&Pin#1indicator尺寸和第一腳位標識PropertiesofsomeTSSOP部分TSSOP封裝的屬性PartNumber No.ofPins BodyWidth Pitch TapeWidth TapePitch QtyPerTube QtyPerReel TSSOP8/10 8/10 3.0mm 0.65mm 12mm 8mm 98 2,500 TSSOP14 14 4.4mm 0.65mm 12/16mm 8mm 96 1,000/2,500 TSSOP28 28 4.4mm 0.65mm 16mm 8/12mm 50 1,000 TSSOP28/32 28/32 6.1mm 0.65mm 24mm 12mm 50/44 1,000 TSSOP38 38 6.1mm 0.65mm 24mm 12mm 39 1,000 TSSOP48/56 48/56 6.1mm 0.5mm 24mm 12mm 39/35 1,000 TSSOP56 56 4.4mm 0.4mm 24mm 12mm 42 1,000 TSSOP64 64 6.1mm 0.5mm N/A N/A 28 N/A TSSOP80 80 6.1mm 0.4mm N/A N/A 28 N/A QuadpackageLQFP/Low-profileQuadFlatPackTQFP/ThinQuadFlatPackMQFP/MetricQuadFlatPackPLCC/PlasticLeadedChipCarrierPackageLQFPMaterial材料Nonhermeticpackage非密封型Size&Pin#1indicator尺寸和第一腳位標識1.4mmthickness厚度1.4毫米

PropertiesofsomeLQFP部分LQFP封裝的屬性TQFPMaterial材料Nonhermeticpackage非密封型Size&Pin#1indicator尺寸和第一腳位標識1.0mmthickness厚度1.0毫米PropertiesofsomeTQFP部分TQFP封裝的屬性MQFPMaterial材料Nonhermeticpackage非密封型Size&Pin#1indicator尺寸和第一腳位標識2.0mm,2.7mm,3.5mmthickness厚度2.0毫米、2.7毫米、3.5毫米PropertiesofsomeMQFP部分MQFP封裝的屬性PLCCNonhermeticpackage非密封型PBGAPackageNonhermeticpackage非密封型IPC/JEDECJ-STD-013CSP封裝Packageisnomorethan1.2Xofdie封裝尺寸不大于晶片的1.2倍IPC/JEDECJ-STD-012Alsostandforchipsizepackage有時也表示晶片尺寸封裝ICorientation集成電路方向識別Areferencemark,chamfer,notch,tab,flat,orsimilarfeaturethatidentifiesthenumber-oneterminalposition.一個參考的記號，斜面，槽口，橫杠，或類似的標識去識別第一腳。ICgroup集成電路分類PIN#1indicator第一腳識別符ICpacking集成電路包裝Reeltape卷帶Tubes管裝Trays托盤ICgroup集成電路分類ICpacking集成電路包裝Reel&TapeTrayTubeClassificationbyfunction根據用途可分為Generalpurposelinear通用線性ICPowermanagement/電源管理ICThermalmanagement/熱管理ICClockmanagement/時鐘管理ICStandardlogic/標準邏輯ICOtherlogic/其它邏輯ICMemory/存貯器Process/處理器Optoelectronics光電ICRF射頻ICICgroup集成電路分類Generalpurposelinear通用線性ICOperationalamplifier運算放大器Comparator比較器Driver驅動ICInterface接口ICAnalogswitch模擬開關ICGeneralpurposelinear通用線性ICPowermanagement電源管理ICRegulator調整器LDO低壓差調整器DC/DCConverter電壓變換ICVoltagereference電壓參考ICVoltagesupervisor電壓監視ICPWM調制ICBatterymanagement電池管理ICPowermanagement電源管理ICThermalmanagement