新一代大學(xué)英語（第二版）綜合教程新一代大學(xué)英語（第二版）綜合教程1教師用書PAGEPAGE1Unit2TheMagicofiPrepareAboutthetopicThisunitaimstoenhanceSs’awarenessoftheimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage,andinparticular,itencouragesSstoanalyzethefeaturesoftheforeignlanguagetheyarelearningandsharetheiruniquelanguagelearningexperiences.ThetextofiExplore1isahumorousletterinwhichtheauthorreflectsonthedifficultiesheencounteredwhilelearningChinese.AfterSsstudythetext,Tcanencouragethemtodiscusstheirownlanguage-learningdifficultiesandexperienceswithoneanother.ThetextofiExplore2illustratesthe“craziness”oftheEnglishlanguage.Throughthetextandexercises,SswillacquiresomedistinctivetraitsandusagesoftheEnglishlanguage.IntheiProducesection,SsareexpectedtodeliverapresentationontheChineselanguagetoagroupofinternationalstudents.TcanencourageSstogatherinformationabouttheChineselanguageandofferrelevantsuggestionsonhowtolearniteffectively.objectivesUponcompletionofthisunit,TisexpectedtoenableSsto:Objectivestalkaboutlanguagelearningusingnewvocabulary(iExplore1)Reading(iExplore1&2)usepersonificationintheirwritingSharpeningyourskills(iExplore1)offeradviceonlearningChineseasaforeignlanguageReadingtext(iExplore1)aboutChina(iExplore1)talkabouttheirpersonalexperienceoflearningaforeignlanguageSharingyourideas(iExplore2)explainsomefeaturesoftheChineselanguageandgivesuggestionsonhowtolearnitwelliProduceiExplore1ViewingScriptsHi,mynameisNathalie.I’m24andI’mheretotalkabitaboutmyexperiencesoflearningMandarin.WhenIwaseightyearsold,mymom,whoisanEnglishteacher,gottheopportunitytogoandteachinaruralhighschoolinChinaforsixmonths.Soin2001,wepackedupandarrivedinLiuyangCityinHunanProvince,intendingtostayforsixmonths,andeventuallystayingformorethanthreeyears.Andsoateightyearsold,Iwasdroppedintoaruralelementaryschoolwith10otherkidsintheclass,atotalschoolrollof85.Andyeah,whereitallbegan.Ithinkthemostimportantthingwhenitcomestolearningasecondlanguage,especiallymaintainingit,isjustthefrequencyofpractice.Anychanceyougettoexposeyourselftothelanguageisgoingtohelp.Itcanbesoeasytoputthingsoff:PutoffpracticingcharactersorputoffwatchingTVshowsbecauseyoucoulddoitnextweek.Butifyoucanstartthehabitofevenjustlisteningtoanewsbulletininthelanguageyouarelearningeachareallygoodwaytosortofkeepyourmemoryrefreshed,andeventopackupabitofnewvocabeachIguessreallyreallyhardforNewZealanderswhoaretryingtolearnalanguagelikeMandarinwhenyouarenotintheimmersionenvironment,but(there’re)definitelyalotpeoplecandotogetthelevelofexposurethatwillhelpthem.Andofcourseifyoucanfindnativespeakerstochattoregularly,thenevenbetter.AlotofpeopleareundertheimpressionthatAsianlanguagesarereallyhard,especiallyMandarin.Andtothat,Iwouldsayforgetwhatpeopletellyouabouthowdifficultitis;forgetthatpeopletellyouthecharactersarereallydifficult.not.Idon’tthinkmuchdifferenttolearninganyotherlanguage.Surethetonescanbereallydifficulttomaster,butsomethingthateveryonestruggleswith,anditwillgetbetterabitwithpractice.Referenceanswers1ThespeakergotthechancetolearnChinesewhenhermom,anEnglishteacher,wenttoteachataruralhighschoolinChinaforsixmonths.ThisledthespeakertoattendaruralelementaryschoolinLiuyangHunanProvince.Althoughthefamilyinitiallyplannedtostayforsixmonths,theyendedupstayingformorethanthreeyears.Thespeakerbelievesthatthemostimportantthinginlearningasecondlanguage,especiallymaintainingit,isthefrequencyofpractice.Sheemphasizesexposingoneselftothelanguageregularly,suchaslisteningtonewsbulletins,practicingcharacters,orchattingwithnativespeakers.ThespeakerdisagreeswiththenotionthatChineseisparticularlydifficulttolearn.Shebelievesitisnotmuchdifferentfromlearninganyotherlanguage.Whiletonescanbechallenging,shethinkstheyimprovewithpracticeandencourageslearnerstoignoretheperceptionthatcharactersareoverlydifficult.21Thespeaker’sexperienceoflearningChineseisspecialandinteresting.LivinginChinaatayoungagegaveherarealandeffectiveenvironmenttolearnthelanguage.Herstoryshowsthatbeingexposedtoalanguageandpracticingitoftencanhelpalot.2Ithinkthemostimportantpartoflearninganewlanguageispracticingandusingitregularly.Stayingmotivatedandworkinghardonithelpuslearnalanguagebetterandbecomemorefluentatspeakingit.·Ithinktalkingwithnativespeakersandbeingexposedtothelanguageenvironmentismostimportantformasteringalanguageandunderstandingitsculture.ReadingBackgroundinformationTheChineselanguageisoneoftheoldestlanguagesintheworld.ItisalsooneofthemostwidelyusedlanguagesspokeninmanyoverseasChinesecommunities,suchasinSingaporeandMalaysia.Additionally,itisoneoftheworkinglanguagesoftheUnitedNations.Inrecentyears,theglobalenthusiasmforlearningandusingChinesehascontinuedtorise.Accordingtostatistics,in2024alone,over810,000candidatesworldwidetooktheChineseProficiency(HSK).Sinceitsinception,thenumberofHSKexamineeshasgrownatanaverageannualrateof20%.AsofSeptember2024,85countrieshaveincorporatedChineselanguageintotheirnationaleducationsystems,withthecumulativenumberofinternationalChineselearnersandusersexceeding200million.The“Chineselanguagefever”alsoreflectsaresonanceofideas.ManyChineseculturalconcepts,suchas“harmonybetweenhumanityandnature,”“seekingcommongroundwhilereservingdifferences,”and“donotdountootherswhatyoudonotwantdoneuntoyourself,”havedeeplyresonatedwithpeoplearoundtheworld.LanguagepointsIoughttobeginbyclarifyingmyunderstandingofourrelationship.(Para.1)clarifyvt.(fml.)tomakesth.cleareroreasiertounderstand澄清；講清楚；闡明e.g.Couldyouclarifyoneortwopointsforme?I’mabitlost.Attheverystartofthetext,theauthorcomesstraighttothepointthatheneedstomakeclearhisrelationshipwiththeChineselanguage.Thiswritingtechniqueeffectivelyattractsreaders’attentionandencouragesthemtoreadon.Ihavenothadmyhappiestdaysworkingatyou;indeed,mybesteffortstolearnyouhave,byandlarge,beenfrustratingandfruitless.(Para.1)indeedad.(fml.)usedtointroduceanadditionalstatementthatemphasizesorsupportswhatyouhavejustsaid甚至；其實(shí)e.g.Imindatallifyougooutwithhim.Indeed,I’mverypleased.byandlargeusedwhenmakingageneralstatement大體上；一般來說；總的說來e.g.Byandlarge,thefoodindustryisdoingwell.fruitlessa.failingtoachievewhatwaswanted,esp.afteralotofeffort無成效的；無結(jié)果的e.g.I’vetriedmybesttolearnItalian,butitwasfruitless.Paraphrase:ThedaysIworkedatyou(learningtheChineselanguage)havenotbeenhappy;indeed,mybesteffortstolearnyouhavebeengenerallyfrustratingandachievednothing.Plus,Ithinkyoucouldhelpmefindajobbutonlyifourassociationisasuccessfulone.(Para.2)plusconj.(infml.)usedtoaddmoreinformation并且；而且e.g.Icannottakeupmorework:I’vegottoomuchworkatthemoment.Plus,myfatherwell.eEonlyi,ifonlyonlyif與ifonly意思不同，要注意區(qū)分。1onlyifinnoothrsitution,pl,t.只有；除非.g.Iwillgoonlyifougowith.2ifonlyusdtoiveasonorsth.,lthouhitmynotbeaoodone即使；即便.g.ustgiehraall,ifonlytosayouesorr.usdtoxpssastongish但愿；真希望；要是…就好了.g.fonlyouhadwonthega!Ihaveinvestedalotinyou,alotoftime,alotofandpossiblysomeofmyfuture,too.(Para.3)investvt.tousealotoftime,effort,etc.inordertomakesth.succeed（為成就某事）投入（大量時間、努力等）e.g.agreatopportunityforstudentstoinvesttimeinnon-profitwork.tobuyshares,property,orgoodsbecauseyouhopethatthevaluewillincreaseandyoucanmakeaprofit投資e.g.Manyofushadinvestedheavilyinhigh-techstocks.Forme,beenfoursemestersofdedicatedstudy,countlesshoursslavingawaywithflashcards,endlesspreparationforexams,presentationsandtests,andforwhat?(Para.3)dedicateda.spendingallyourtimeandeffortonsth.獻(xiàn)身的；一心一意的e.g.arefortunatetohavesuchadedicatedslaveawaytoworkveryhardwithlittletimetorest拼命干；苦干e.g.I’vebeenslavingawayalldaywhilemysisterhasbeenoutenjoyingherself.Inthissentence,“forwhat?”means“whatdidIdoallthisfor?”Bysaying“forwhat?”theauthorexpresseshisdisappointmentwithhisprogressinlearningthelanguage.me,youstilllooklikeaRorschachtest,andyoustillsoundlikeadrawerfullofsilverwarebeingdumpeddownaflightofstairs.(Para.3)dumpvt.toputsth.somewhereinacarelessuntidyway亂放；亂堆；亂扔e.g.dumpwasteinlandfills;youshouldrecycleasmuchasyoucan.Theauthoremployssimile(明喻)tocomparetheChineselanguageto“aRorschachtest”and“adrawerfullofsilverwarebeingdumpeddownaflightofstairs.”InthishevividlyshowsthattheChineselanguageishardtoreadandunderstand.Forgivemygoingofftopic,butI’msureyouunderstandmyfrustration.(Para.4)offtopicnotonthemaintopic;irrelevanttothediscussion主題不相干的；跑題的e.g.Ifyouressaydoesnotanswerthespecificquestion,youwillgetaverylowgradebecauseyourwritingisofftopic.★與offtopic意義相反的表達(dá)是ontopic（切題的）。e.g.Afterfinishingthefirstdraft,youshouldcheckwhetheryoursupportingdetailsareallontopic.Forallthehardship,Ihaven’tgivenup.(Para.5)forallsth.inspiteofaparticularfact盡管某事如此e.g.Forallhispoverty,heishappy.★類似的表達(dá)還有despite（注意despite后面不能跟of），inspiteof。e.g.Hervoicewasshakingdespite/inspiteofallhereffortstocontrolit.Ourfirstfewweekslivinginclosequartershavebeenabitdifficultandcompletelyexhausting.(Para.6)in/atclosequartersinaspacewherepeopleareclosetogetherandthereisnotverymuchroomtomove接近地；近距離地e.g.Over200peoplelivedinclosequartersontheship.exhaustinga.makingyoufeelextremelytired使人精疲力竭的e.g.Iunderstandthatlearninganewlanguageisanexhaustingprocess,butgiveupandyouwillbenefititsoonerorParaphrase:ThefirstfewweeksoflearningChinesethroughfullimmersionhavebeenabitdifficult,andIfelttiredout.DevotingallofmytimetoalanguageIamsobadathasbeendepressing.(Para.6)devotetime/money/attention,etc.tosth.tospendtime,attention,etc.doingsth.orhelpingsth.besuccessful為某事物付出時間/金錢/注意力等e.g.devotedmostofhistimetohiswriting.本句的主語是devotingallofmytimetoalanguageIamsobadIamsobadat是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，修飾alanguage。Ioftenfindmyselffeelingshyandavoidingyou,butatthesametime,nomatterwhereIamorwhatI’mdoing,IfeelasthoughI’mwastingmytimeifI’mnotspendingitwithyou.(Para.6)nomatterhow/where/what,etc.usedforsayingthatsth.isnotimportantorwillnothaveaneffect無論怎么/何處/什么等e.g.Nomatterhowharditis,Iwillcarrythroughtheproject.NomatterwhereIamstaying,I’malwaysthinkingofyou.Nomatterwhathappens,Iwillalwayssupportyou.asthoughinawaythatsuggeststhatsth.istrueornottrue,orthatsth.ispossiblebutyouarenotsureaboutit好像；仿佛e.g.Janelookedasthoughshewantedtosaysomething.Long-distancerelationshipsarealltoooftenarecipefordisaster,andourswasreallynoexception.(Para.7)alltoooften(alsoonlytoooften)usedtosaythatsth.sad,disappointing,orannoyinghappenstoomuch有太多時候，太過頻繁（表示壞事發(fā)生次數(shù)太多）e.g.Alltoooften,peopleunderestimatetheimportanceofsleep.bearecipeforsth.tobelikelytocauseaparticularresult,oftenabadone可能會造成某事（常指壞的結(jié)果）e.g.Ithinkthenewrulesarearecipeforeconomicslowdown.benoexceptionifsb.orsth.isnoexception,theyarethesameasallotherssotheycanbeincludedinageneralstatement無例外e.g.Everyoneshouldkeeptotherules,andyouarenoexception.Here,theauthorisactuallytalkingaboutthelackofalanguageenvironment,duetowhichlearningaforeignlanguageisverylikelytoendinfailure.IadmitIprobablywasn’tdoingasmuchasIcouldhavetokeepthingsgoingwell,butyoucanrestassuredIneverforgotaboutyouwhenwewereapart…(Para.8)restassured(that)(fml.)usedtotellsb.nottobecausewhatyousayaboutasituationistrue盡管放心（表示敘述的事屬實(shí)）e.g.canassuredthatwewilldoeverythingpossibletomakeyourlifeheresafeandconvenient.Paraphrase:IadmitthatIprobablywasn’tdoingenoughtokeepthingsgoingwell(Ididn’tinvestenoughtimeandeffortinourrelationship),butbelieveme,Ineverforgotaboutyouwhenwewereapart.IpromiseI’llsetasideplentyoftimeforustobealonetogether,andwecangooutwithotherpeople,too.(Para.setasidetokeepsth.,esp.time,oraparticulararea,foraspecialpurpose留出，撥出（金錢、時間等）e.g.Thecitycouncilsetasidealargeoflandforanewpublicpark.tonotconsidersth.,becauseotherthingsaremoreimportant放）e.g.setasideourdifferencesandfocusonfindingasolutiontotheproblem.gotalongwaytogo,andIrealizethat,fortheonusisonmetoimprovethings.(Para.12)fornowfromnowuntilsomefuturetime暫時；目前e.g.Thatwilldoforandwe’llfinishthejobanothertime.onusn.[sing.](fml.)theresponsibilityforsth.（對某事的）責(zé)任，義務(wù)e.g.Theonusisonustocompletetheprojectonschedule.Paraphrase:ThereisalotformetodoifIwanttolearnChinesewell.Andfromnowon,myresponsibilitytoimprovemyChinese.Respectfully,…(Complimentarycloseoftheletter)“Respectfully,”isacomplimentaryclose,whichisthepartofaletterthatimmediatelyprecedesthesignature.Similarexpressionsinclude“Trulyyours,”truly,”“Sincerelyyours,”sincerely,”“Bestregards,”or“Bestwishes.”Thechoicedependsonthewriter’srelationshipwiththerecipient.eEspfu,spable,spd,spive這四個詞詞形相近，但含義和用法不同。1spctul意思“有禮貌的恭敬的強(qiáng)調(diào)主動表現(xiàn)出尊重常與介詞to或tod搭配。.g.Theworrsaesptfultothegnralanag.2spctble意思是“體面的；得體的；值得尊敬的”，可修飾人或事物，描述因品質(zhì)、地位或行為而受人尊重。.g.asptableinoeispanspctthathewillgwuptobeasptablean.3spctd是過去分詞多修飾人，意思是“受尊敬的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)社會或群體的認(rèn)可。.g.rdaughtrisasptdtahrattheloalhighshool.4spctive意思“各自的一般用作定語后面常常跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。.g.eallwntbaktooursptiehosaftrthega.ReferenceanswersUnderstandingthetext11spaces2hard3workhard4asmuchaspossible5plentyoftime6Chinesefriends7practiceChinese8EnglishPAGEPAGE102TheauthorhasspentfoursemestersstudyingChinese,workedhardwithflashcards,andpreparedforexams,presentationsandtests.TheauthorthinkslearningChinesecouldhelphimfindajobandbepartofitsbrightfuture.TheauthormeansChinesecharactersarehardtoreadandunderstand,likeaRorschachtest,andthetonessoundconfusing,likesilverwarefallingdownstairs.TheauthoristalkingabouthowChinesedoesn’tusespacesbetweenwords,whichtroubleshimalot.Forme,thebiggestheadacheoflearningEnglishliesinhowtospeakorwriteappropriatelyindifferentsituations.TheauthoristalkingabouttheproblemoflearningChinesewithoutanauthenticlanguageenvironment.TolearnChineseeffectivelywithoutlivinginChina,theremaybeseveralmethods:ListenandwatchChineseshows,podcasts,andsocialmediaeveryday.Talkwithnativespeakersusinglanguageapps.DothingsyouenjoyinChinese,andpracticealittleeveryday.EExissonlie3adhextandidniyhepaagaphfomwihheinoaioninahsaentisdivd.Soepaagaphsanbehosnoehanon.IotnvoidstudingChins,butel’mstingtimenotdoingit.IhosetolnChinselsoorpctilasons,notjustbuseofitsbutyorlityvlu.spitethehllnges,IhvntivenupndmlivingineijingtolntheChinselngug.MyortstolnChinsehvebnmostlyusttingndunpodutiv.owIalizethtitismysponsibilitytoputmoeotintoChinselning.6IlthtChinseisntmkingnorttomkeourlningltionshipsuessul,nditsustting.7ImdtmindtospndmoetimeiththeChinselnuagebymkingindsndpctiingoutsidelss.feneanssP.6P.2P.5P.1P.12PP.4P.11Sharpeningyourlanguage11guides 2explains 3asks 4challenges 5shares2Thepianopatientlywaitsformeeveryevening,itskeysreadytosingundermyhesitantfingers.Itencouragesmewithitsgentlesongs,whisperingconfidenceintomyearsasIpractice.EvenwhenImakemistakes,itneverjudges;instead,itoffersitssoftvoicetoguidemebackontrack.Buildingyourlanguageandexpressions11dedicated 2exhausting 3devoted 4disaster5depressing 6clarify 7exception 8frustration21Byandlarge 2restassured 3setaside4bearecipefor 5Forall 6giveupCollocations1energy 2countless 3hardship 4health 5weightVocabularylearningstrategiesSuffix“-less”ExercisesonlineCompletethesentenceswiththewordsbelow.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.hophoplss uslss elss hmlss tilss pilss1Sheoncethoughtshewas atlearningEnglish,butaftermonthsofhardworksheisreallyimproving.TThesanwstudymthodoingoundonlin,butIthinki’sompltly .Tonystoo :emdequiteawspllingmistksinhistmpp.4eoundhispossor’sdvieboutlningChinse –heisnowmkingetporss.5Thetuthisththilesomeplntsnhutou,mosteompltly .6Ihvemde ortstolnenh,ndIindIhvebnmkingoodpogssentl.feneansshoplssuslssrlsspilesshmlsstilssGrammarandstructureGerundExercisesonline1TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusinggerunds.1為過去擔(dān)憂是沒有用的，我們應(yīng)該專注于現(xiàn)在并為將來做計劃。2我不介意等待。3她反對在公共場所吸煙。4他們的主要任務(wù)是保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)。5比起看電視，我更喜歡讀書。ReferenceanswersIt’snouseworryingaboutthepast;weshouldfocusonthepresentandplanforthefuture.Idon’tmindwaiting.Sheisagainstsmokinginpublicplaces.Theirprimarytaskispreservingculturalheritage.5IpreferreadingtowatchingTV.2RewritethefollowingsentencesusinggerundstransformedfromtheverbsinBankedCloze1frustrating2practical3fruitless4exception5preparation6dedicated7hardshippapanhss.Themngrsugstdthtemkeasuvytoaugethepublisctionstothirnwpodut.mk)tsuslsstogueithsomonehoisnotillingtolistn.gue)3Iouldppciteitifououldhlpm.hlp)4PoplennotdnythectthtIhsrtlyisdpodutivit.dn)5Sheouldnothlpbutyhnshehrdthesdns.)feneanssThemngrsugstdus/ou)akingasuvytoaugethepubli’sationstothirnwpodut.tsnouseaguingithsomonehoisnotillngtolistn.3Iouldppciteou/ourhlpige.Theisnodnyngthect)thtIhsratlyisdpodutivit.Sheouldnothlpyinghnshehrdthesdns.Asinternationalinfluencegrows,aglobalcrazeforlearningChinesehasemerged.Moreandmorenon-nativespeakersarechoosingtolearnthelanguage.Therefore,wemustactivelypromoteinternationalChineselanguageeducation,enablingpeoplearoundtheworldtobetterunderstandtheChinesenation’slonghistoryandrichculturewhilecontributingChinesewisdomtobuildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind.aboutChinaScriptsSpeaker1:readingandwriting,Idon’tthinkI’mthebestpersontoaskforsuggestions,butforspeakingandcommunicating,thebestformewouldbehavingChinesefriends,handsdown.Host:OK,whatisthebestwaytolearn…tomemorize?Speaker2:First,writethecharacters,becauseforme,ifIwriteacharacter,Icanremember.WhenIreadonthestreetorreadabook,andthenIgoinsidewithsomefriendsandtrytopracticethecharactersofthewordsthatIlearnedthatThatisthewayforme.Itryitwithaflashcard,butIcan’t.Iforgeteverything.No,no,thisisnotmyIhavetolearninother…Host:wehave…whenyouwritethingsdown,youhavehandmemory.Speaker2:Ithinkthatisworkingformeto...WhenIwrite,butwithmyhands,Ihavetowrite.Iwritealsointhemirrorin(on)mybathroom.WhenItakeashowerorIfinish,Ijustwritethecharacterswithamarkin(on)mymirror.Speaker3:Ithinkthemostimportantthingistoimmerseyourselfinthelanguage.Ithink,ifyoujuststudyontheside,youcanstilllearnabit,butifyoureallywanttobeabletospeakChineseandreadbooksandunderstandtelevisionprograms,IthinkthemostimportantthingisthatyoutakeyourlifeandyouchangeeverythingtoChinese,includingmaybeyourphonesettings,youjusteverythingyoudo,youdoitinChinese.Host:yeah,youhavetoforceyourselftospeakChineseandnotspeaktoyourforeignfriends.And…Speaker3:andyouhavetogiveyourselfchallenges.Everydayyouhavetochallengeyourself.itkeepsyouyoung,though.areonthecuttingedgeofsociety.ReferenceanswersOnelearnermentionedtheimportanceofwritingcharactersbyhand.Thismethodhelpsreinforcemusclememory.TheotherlearnersemphasizedtheimportanceofimmersingthemselvesinthelanguagebyhavingChinesefriendsordoingeverythinginChinese.ThishelpswithspeakingandreadingChineseaswellasunderstandingChineseculture.HerearesomeadditionaltipstosupportlearnerslikeSamuel.·FindanativeChinesespeakertobeyourlanguageexchangepartner.Thiscanbedonethroughlanguageexchangewebsitesorapps.·KeepadailyjournalinChinesetoimproveyourwritingskillsandreinforcevocabulary.Writeaboutyouryourthoughts,oranythingthatinterestsyou.Startwithsimplesentencesandgraduallyincreasethecomplexityasyouimprove.Chinesemovies,TVshows,ordocumentaries.AttendculturaleventsorjoinaChineseculturalclub.ThiswillnotonlyimproveyourlanguageskillsbutalsodeepenyourunderstandingofChineseculture.iExplore2ReadingLanguagepointsEnglishisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageinthehistoryofourplanet,usedinsomewaybyatleastoneoutofeverysixhumanbeingsaroundtheworld.(Para.1)atleastnotlessthanaparticularamountornumber,andpossiblymore（數(shù)量或數(shù)目上）至少，起碼e.g.Atleast100studentsparticipatedintheEnglish-speakingcontest.evenifnothingelsehappensoristrue無論如何；不管怎樣；至少e.g.Evenifshewanttosendabirthdaypresent,shecouldatleasthavesentacard.oneoutofsix/nineoutof10,etc.usedtosayhowcommonsth.isorhowlargeapartofagroupyouaretalkingabout6個中有1個/10個中有9個等eEinsoewa,insoeays1insomey在某個方面；以某種方式.g.Iaybeabletohlpouinsoewa.2insomes在某種程度上；不完全地.g.nsoewasouaeright.Englishhasacquiredthelargestvocabularyofalltheworld’slanguages,perhapsasmanyasonemillionwords.(Para.1)acquirevt.togetsth.取得；獲得e.g.haveacquiredtheknowledgethroughexperience.asmanyasusedbeforeanumberforshowinghowlargeandsurprisingitis多達(dá)e.g.Asmanyas100,000peoplemayhavebecomeinfectedwiththevirus.However,itisnowtimetofacethefactthatEnglishisacrazylanguage–perhapsthemostcrazyofalllanguages.(Para.1)1)itistime后面常接todosth.，表示“是做某事的時候了”。2)句中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，先行詞是fact。Why–inourcrazylanguage–canyournoserunandyourfeetsmell?(Para.2)runvi.ifnoseisrunning,itmeansthereisliquidflowingoutofit流鼻涕e.g.noseisrunning.Hemusthavecaughtacold.smellvi.tohaveanunpleasantsmell有臭味；散發(fā)臭味e.g.feetreallysmell.Pleasegoandwashthem.invisible,inescapable,andindispensabletoourdailylives,yetweoftentakeitspresenceandimportanceforgranted.(Para.3)invisiblea.thatcannotbeseen看不見的；隱形的e.g.Bacteriaareinvisibletothenakedeye.invisible，inescapable和indispensable這三個詞都包含否定前綴in-。英語中的否定前綴有illegal，irresponsible，unpleasant，non-stop，dishonest，asymmetry。takesth.forgrantedtoexpectsth.alwaystohappenorexistinaparticularandnotthinkaboutanypossibleproblemsordifficulties視某事為理所當(dāng)然e.g.takehavinganendlesssupplyofcleanwaterforgranted.But,whenwetakethetimetostepback,listentothesoundsthatescapefromtheholesinpeople’sfaces,andexploretheparadoxesofEnglish…(Para.3)stepbacktostopforamomentinordertoconsidersth.退一步考慮e.g.Ifyoustepbackandseethewholeissue,youmayfindabettersolution.escapetocomeoutofyourmouth,althoughyoudidnotintendit說出e.g.Asmalllaughescapedhismouth.vi.togetawayfromaplacewhereyouareindanger逃離，逃脫（危險）e.g.Heescapedwithminorinjuries.句中theholesinpeople’sfaces是借代（metonymy）的修辭手法，借指嘴巴。SometimesyouhavetobelievethatallEnglishspeakersshouldbecommittedtoanasylumfortheverballyinsane.(Para.4)commitvt.toordersb.tobeputinahospitalorprison把…關(guān)進(jìn)醫(yī)院（或監(jiān)獄）；監(jiān)禁e.g.Thejudgecommittedhimtoprisonforfiveyears.todosth.wrongorillegal犯（錯誤或罪行）e.g.Thestudyaimstofindoutwhatmakespeoplecommitcrimes.todecidetousetime,people,etc.foraparticularpurpose人力等）e.g.Alotofmoneyandtimehasbeencommittedtothisproject.ThisisahumorousorsarcasticremarkabouthowcrazyEnglishcanbe.Duetothelanguage’squirks,Englishspeakersbehavelikepeoplewhoare“insane”intheirworduse,asiftheybelonginamentalhospitalforlanguagemadness.Howcanaslimchanceandafatchancebethesame,butawisemanandawiseguyareopposites?(Para.5)aslim/small/slightchance極小/很少/些微的可能性e.g.Shehasonlyaslimchanceofpassingtheexam.aslightchancethatwe’llcatchthelasttrain.fatchance(veryinfml.)usedtosaythatsth.isextremelyunlikely極不可能的；機(jī)會極小的e.g.-cangotobednowandhaveagoodrest.-Fatchanceofthat!wwsean,iseguyaisemn:amnhomksooddisions,ivesooddvi,t.sp.bausethyhvealotofxpineoflie（因閱歷豐富而）英明的人，有智慧的人aiseu:(infl.)sp.AE)nnnoingpsonhothinksthyknowmoethnthyallydo自作聰明的人e ETheauthorlistssomecrazyusagesofEnglishinParas.5-7tosupporthisargumentinPara.4.WhathewantstoconveyisthatweshouldnottakeEnglishexpressionsliterally.Sometimestheirrealmeaningscanbetotallydifferentfromtheirliteralmeanings.Howcansharpspeechandbluntspeechbethesameandquitealotandquiteafewbethesame,whileoverlookandoverseeareopposites?(Para.5)1)quitealot/abit/afewalargenumberoramount許多；大量e.g.Ihavemadequitealotoffriendshereincollege.2)句中while用作連詞，用于對比兩件事物，意思是“……而”“……然而”。e.g.…nightmarescantakeplaceinbroaddaylightwhiledaydreamingcantakeplaceatnight…(Para.3)Dormsinthesouthtendtobebetterequipped,whilethoseinthenortharerelativelyuncomfortable.overlookvt.tonotnoticesth.,ornotseehowimportantitis忽視；忽略e.g.Thisreportseemstohaveoverlookedoneimportantfact.overseevt.(oversaw,overseen)towatchsb.orsth.andmakesurethatajoboranactivityisdonecorrectly監(jiān)督；監(jiān)視e.g.notmyresponsibilitytooverseenewstaff.Ifthetruthbetold,alllanguagesarealittle(Para.8)if(the)truthbetold/knownusedtotellsb.thetruefactsaboutasituation,esp.whenthesearenotknownbyotherpeople（用于說出真相）說實(shí)話，說真的，老實(shí)說e.g.Iftruthbetold,theworldisbutastag