2024屆高考英語(yǔ)三輪復(fù)習(xí)?沖刺押題

外刊閱讀理解訓(xùn)練70

----改編自AirpollutionMayIncreasefracturerisk

【文章】

Airpollutionhasbeenfoundtoincreasetheriskofbonefractures

amongpeopleover65yearsold,accordingtoastudyinLancetPlanetary

Health.Theriskforbonefracturessteadilyincreasesaslevelsofair

pollution,specificallyparticulatemattersmallerthan2.5micrometers

(PM2.5),goup.Thestudytrackedhospitaladmissionsamong9.2million

MedicarerecipientsintheNorthpastovereightyearsandrpvpalpdthat,

areaswiththehighestconcentrationsofPM2.5hadalmost5%higherrates

ofbonefracturescomparedtothosewiththelowest.

Anotherstudyanalyzedlevelsofparathyroidhormone,whichis

crucialtobonehealth,in692middle-agedlow-incomemeninBoston.The

researchfoundthatindividualslivinginlocationswithhigherlevels

ofairpollutionhadlowerconcentrationsofparathyroidhormoneandlower

levelsofbonemineraldensity.

Theseniorauthor,AndreaA.Baccarel1i,aprofessorofenvironmental

medicineattheColumbiaUniversityMailmanSchoolofPublicHealth,

likeneddirpullutiontodilutedbiiioking.Heslciledllidlevenatpollution

levelsconsideredacceptablebytheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,

thereisstillanincreasedriskofcancer,cardiovasculardisease,bone

mineraldensityloss,andotherhealthissuesassociatedwithpollution.

Thisstudyhighlightsthedevastatingeffectsofairpollutionon

humanhealth,includingbonefracturesandlossofbonemineraldensity.

Assuch,itisessentialtotakenecessarymeasurestocurbairpollution

byreducingemissionsfromindustrialandtransportationsectorswhile

promotingsustainablepractices.Additionally,individualscantake

stepslikeusingpublictransportationorbuyingeco-friendlyproducts

toreducetheircarbonfootprintandsupporteffortstomitigateair

pollution*sharmfuleffects.

【重點(diǎn)詞匯&詞組】

1.airpollution(n.)空氣污染

2.increase(v.)增加

3.risk(n.)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

4.bonefractures(n.)骨折

5.particulatenatter(n.)顆粒物

6.micrometers(n.)微米

7.hospitaladmissions(n.)住院

8.Medicarerecipients(n.)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)受益人

9.concentrations(n.)濃度

10.parathyroidhormone(n.)甲狀旁腺激素

11.bonehealth(n.)骨健康

12.low-income(adj.)低收入的

13.locations(n.)地點(diǎn)

14.bonemineraldensity(n.)骨密度

15.seniorauthor(n.)高級(jí)作者

16.environmentalmedicine(n.)環(huán)境醫(yī)學(xué)

17.ColumbiaUniversityMailmanSchoolofPublicHealth(n.)哥倫

比亞大學(xué)梅爾曼公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院

18.diluted(adj.)稀釋的

19.smoking(n.)吸煙

20.acceptable(adj.)可接受的

21.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(n.)美國(guó)環(huán)保局

22.cancer(n.)癌癥

23.cardiovasculardisease(n.)心血管疾病

24.healthissues(n.)健康問(wèn)題

25.devastating(adj.)毀滅性的

26.humanhealth(n.)人類健康

27.loss(n.)損失

28.necessarymeasures(n.)必要措施

29.curb(v.)控制

30.emissions(n.)排放

31.industrial(adj.)工業(yè)的

32.t.ransportat.'on(n.)交通運(yùn)輸

33.sustainable(adj.)可持續(xù)的

34.practices(n.)實(shí)踐

35.individuals(n.)個(gè)人

36.publictransportation(n.)公共交通

37.eco-friendly(adj.)環(huán)保的

38.carbonfootprint(n.)碳足跡

39.support(v.)支持

40.efforts(n.)努力

41.mitigate(v.)減輕

42.harmfuleffects(n.)有害影響

【閱讀理解習(xí)題】

1.AccordingtothestudyinLancetPlanetaryHealth,whatisthe

correlationbetweenairpollutionandbonefracturesamongpeopleover

65yearsold?

A.Theriskforbonefracturesdecreasesaslevelsofairpollution

goup.

B.Theriskforbonefracturesremainsstableregardlessoflevels

C.Heseesitasamoredangerousformofsmoking.

D.Heregardsitassimilartosmokingintermsofitsimpactonhealth.

Answer:D

中文解析：這項(xiàng)研究的資深作者AndreaA.Baccarelli在哥倫比亞大學(xué)郵報(bào)

公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院擔(dān)任環(huán)境醫(yī)學(xué)教授，他將空氣污染與稀釋的吸煙進(jìn)行了比較。

4.Whataretheadversehealtheffectsassociatedwithpollution

accordingtothearticle?

A.Bonefracturesandlossofbonemineraldensity.

B.Cancprandcardiovascu1ardiSAHSP.

C.Cardiovasculardiseaseandrespiratoryproblems.

D.Cancerandrespiratoryproblems.

Answer:B

中文解析：文章中提到，即使在“環(huán)境保護(hù)局”認(rèn)可的污染水平下，人們?nèi)?/p>

會(huì)面臨心血管疾病、癌癥、骨礦物質(zhì)密度丟失以及與污染有關(guān)的其他健康問(wèn)迤等

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

5.Whatwasobservedinhospitaladmissionsamong9.2millionMedicare

recipientsintheNortheastovereightyears?

A.AieaswithPM2.5uonceiilialiuiiysinallei,than2.5miuiomeluibhad

higherratesofbonefractures.

B.AreaswiththehighestconcentrationsofPM2.5hadalmost5%lower

ratesofbonefracturescomparedtothosewiththelowest.

C.AreaswithPM2.5concentrationshigherthan2.5micrometershad

higherratesofbonefractures.

D.AreaswiththehighestconcentrationsofPM2.5hadalmost5%higher

ratesofbonefracturescomparedtothosewiththelowest.

Answer:D

中文解析：這項(xiàng)研究追蹤了8年間東北部920萬(wàn)名醫(yī)保收款人的住院情況,

并發(fā)現(xiàn)與PM2.5濃度最高的區(qū)域相比，骨折率幾乎高出5%<>

6.Whatistheultimategoalofthisstudy?

A.Tostresstheimportanceofpromotingsustainablepracticesin

dailylife.

B.Towarnindividualsabout.therisksofairpol1ut.ionnnthpir

health.

C.Tourgegovernmentstointroducepo'iciestoreduceemissions.

D.Toencouragehealthcareinstitutionstotakemeasurestocurbair

pollution.

Answer:C

中文解析：該研究旨在突出空氣污染對(duì)人類健康的毀滅性影響，其中包括骨

折和骨礦物質(zhì)密度損失等，因此有必要采取必要措施控制污染，包括減少工業(yè)和

交通部門的排放并倡導(dǎo)可持續(xù)發(fā)展實(shí)踐，故選C。

7.Huwduesthestudyonpaxalhyroidlioniioiieuoimeuttobone

fractures?

A.Itrevealedhowhigherlevelsofairpollutionleadtoincreased

concentrationsofparathyroidhormoneandincreasedbonemineraldensity.

B.Itfoundacorrelationbetweenparathyroidhormonelevelsandbone

mineraldensity.

C.Itindicatedthatthebonemineraldensityisassociatedwith

parathyroidhormone,butnotairpollution.

D.Itdiscoveredhowlowerconcentrationsofparathyroidhormone

resultinanincreasedriskofbonefractures.

Answer:B

中文解析：這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，甲狀旁腺素水平與骨礦物質(zhì)密度密切相關(guān)，因此

選Bo

【全文逐句對(duì)照翻譯】

《柳葉刀星球健康》雜志的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，空氣污染會(huì)增加65歲以上人群

骨折的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Airpollutionhasbeenfoundtoincreasetheriskofbonefractures

amongpeopleover65yearsold,accordingtoastudyinLancetPlanetary

Health.

隨著空氣污染水平的上升，尤其是小于2.5微米的顆粒物(pm2.5)的上升，

骨折的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也在穩(wěn)步增加。

Theriskforbcncfracturessteadilyincreasesaslevelsofair

pollution,specificallyparticulatemattersmallerthan2.5micrometers

(PM2.5),goup.

這項(xiàng)研究追蹤了美國(guó)東北部920萬(wàn)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)受益人的住院情況，歷時(shí)8年,

結(jié)果顯示pm2.5濃度最高的地區(qū)骨折率比濃度最低的地區(qū)高出近5%0

Thestudytrackedhospitaladmissionsamong9.2millionMedicare

recipientsintheNortheastovereightyearsandrevealedthatareaswith

thehighestconcentrationsofPM2.5hadalmost5%higherratesofbone

fracturescomparedtothosewiththelowest.

另一項(xiàng)研究分析了波士頓692名低收入中年男性的甲狀旁腺激素水平，甲狀

旁腺激素對(duì)骨骼健康至關(guān)重要。

Anotherstudyanalyzedlevelsofparathyroidhormone,whichis

crucialtobonehealth,in692middle-agedlow-incomemeninBoston.

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在空氣污染程度較高地區(qū)的人甲狀旁腺激素濃度較低，骨密

度也較低。

Theresearchfoundthatindividuals1iv:nginlocationswithhigher

levelsofairpollutionhadlowerconcentrationsofparathyroidhormone

andlowerlevelsofbonemineraldensity.

該研究的資深作者、哥倫比亞大學(xué)梅爾曼公共生學(xué)院環(huán)境醫(yī)學(xué)教授安漉里

亞?a?巴卡雷利(Andreaa.Baccarelli)將空氣污染比作稀釋的香煙。

Theseniorauthor,AndreaA.Baccarelli,aprofessorofenvironmental

medicineattheColumbiaUniversityMailmanSchoolofPublicHealth,

likenedairpollutiontodilutedsmoking.

他說(shuō)，即使在環(huán)境保護(hù)署認(rèn)為可以接受的污染水平，癌癥、心血管疾病、骨

密度損失和其他與污染有關(guān)的健康問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)仍然增加。

Hestatedthatevenatpollutionlevelsconsideredacceptablebythe

EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,