ContentsPartIIntroductiontotheFirstAidPartIIFirstAid–waysandtechniquesPartIIICelebrityandFirstAidPartIVFurtherThinking1PartIVideo:IntroductiontotheFirstAid2ThinkandTalkItisveryimportantforeveryonetolearnsomefirstaidtechniques,becauseyouneverknowwhenyouwillneedit.Ifyouareveryskilledindoingfirstaidrescue,youwillbeverycalmandconfidenttoactduringanemergency.Indailylifeyoumaybeneededtodealwitheverydaycutsandscrapesandevenwithasthma,fractures,sunburn,poisons,lowbloodsugarandmore.Emergenciesoccureveryminute;therefore,itisofvitalsignificancetoobtainsomebasicfirstaidskillsforallofus.Reference3TaskOne:QuestionsandAnswersFirstAidisthemanagementofsuddenillnessorinjurygivenbeforetheemergencyservicearrivesandprovideprofessionalmedicalcare.No,itisnotmedicaltreatment.Anditcannotbecomparedwithwhataparamedicordoctorwoulddo.WatchandDo4PartI-VideoTaskTwo:QuestionsandAnswers3.Theprocessrequiresthecombinationofcompassion,skillandknowledge.4.Theprinciplesoffirstaidaretopreservelife,preventdeteriorationandpromoterecovery.5.ProvidingFirstAidandlife-savingskillsinvolvesfollowingastructuredsequenceofsteps.Eachstepwillimpactonthechancesofthepatientsurvivingalife-threateningcondition.WatchandDo5PartI-VideoTaskTwo:BlankFillingdeteriorating (2)professional(3)interactive (4)well-being (5)treatment WatchandDo(6)qualified(7)alleviating(8)takecharge(9)accessible(10)surviving6TaskThree:DescriptionFirstAidisthemanagementofsuddenillnessorinjurygivenbeforetheemergencyservicearrivesandprovidemedicalcare,butitisnotmedicaltreatment.LearningtoperformFirstAidisaninteractiveprocessrequiringthecombinationofcompassion,skillandknowledge.TheprinciplesofFirstAidaretopreservelife,preventdeterioration,andpromoterecovery.TheFirst-aiderwillknowhowtoassessthesituation,providetherelevantmedicaltreatmentandcallonprofessionalhelpwhenappropriate.WatchandDo7PartIIFirstAid—waysandtechniques8PartIIFirstAid—waysandtechniquesVideoOneChildCPRVideoTwoHowtoDealwithFootCrampAudioHowtoDo“Hands-Only”CPR9VideoOneChildCPR10ThinkandTalkThefollowingaresometipswhichmayhelppreventyourchildfromgettinghurtinsomeaccidents:Keepdangerousstuffoutofchild’sreach,suchaspower,knife,medicine,etc.Teachyourchildhowtomakeaphonecalltohisorherparents.Teachyourchildtowatchforcarsandridebikessafely.Makesureyoufollowtheguidelinesforusingchild'scarseats.Predictcarefullyaboutthepotentialdangersaroundyourchild.Carefullychoosetheage-appropriatetoysforyourchild.

Reference11PartII-VideoOneTaskOne:TrueorFalse1.F2.F3.T4.T5.FWatchandDo12PartII-VideoOneWatchandDoTaskTwo:BlankFillingdanger(2)conscious(3)Opentheirairway(4)chin(5)pressure(6)chest(7)Pinchtheirnose(8)30 (9)pushdown

(10)cycles13PartII-VideoOneTaskThree:DescriptionCheckfordangerbeforeapproachingacasualty.Findoutiftheyareconsciousbygentlytappingtheirshouldersandspeakingtothem.Iftheydon’trespond,checkwhetherthey’rebreathingnormally.Opentheirairwaybyputtingonehandontheirforeheadandgentlytiltingtheirheadback.Liftthechinbyplacingtwofingersonthepoint,takingcarenottoputanypressureontheirneckwhichcouldblocktheirairway.Lookformovementsoftheirchest,feelforbreathonyourcheekandlistenforsoundsofbreathingfortenseconds.WatchandDoWatchandDo14PartII-VideoOneTaskThree:DescriptionIftheyarenotbreathingnormally,givethem5initialrecuebreaths.Pinchtheirnose,sealyourmouthovertheirsandblowforaboutasecondeach.Thenplaceyourhandinthemiddleoftheirchestandgive30chestcompressions.Youneedtopushdownabouta3rdofthedepthoftheirchestandatarateof100perminute.Continuecyclesof30chestcompressionsand2rescuebreaths.WatchandDoWatchandDo15PartII-VideoOneVideoTwoHowtoDealwithFootCramp16ThinkandTalkRest.Youneedtotakearestandprotectthesorearea.Ice.Coldwillreducepainandswelling.Applyaniceorcoldpackrightawaytopreventorminimizeswelling.Applytheiceorcoldpackfor10to20minutes,3ormoretimesaday.Compression.Compression,orwrappingtheinjuredorsoreareawithanelasticbandage,willhelpdecreaseswelling.Don'twrapittootightly,becausethiscancausemoreswellingbelowtheaffectedarea.Loosenthebandageifitgetstootight.Elevation.Elevatetheinjuredorsoreareaonpillowswhileapplyingiceandanytimeyouaresittingorlyingdown.Trytokeeptheareaatorabovethelevelofyour

heart

tohelpminimizeswelling.Reference17PartII-VideoTwoTaskOne:QuestionsandAnswers1.7stepsshouldbetaken.Step1:Putyourweightonthepainfulfoot.Step2:Walkaround.Step3:Removeshoesandsocks.Step4:Flexyourtoes.Step5:Massage

theaffectedarea.Step6:Pulltoesback.Step7:Repeattheprocess.2.OpenWatchandDo18PartII-VideoTwoTaskTwo:BlankFilling1.effectedfoot2.walkingthepainoff3.inspasm4.flexyourtoes5.massagethefoot6.pullyourtoesback7.thepainsubsidesWatchandDo19PartII-VideoTwoAudioHowtoDo“Hands-Only”CPR20ThinkandTalkIfyouseesomeonesuddenlycollapsesandstopsbreathing,justcallingambulanceandwaitingaren’tenough.Bythetimeparamedicsarrive,thechanceofsurvivalforthepossiblecardiacarrestvictimisoftenzero.Butifabystanderimmediatelybeginstodochestcompressions,whichissimilartotheheart'spumpingaction,itcanbuycriticaltimeuntiltheparamedicsarrive.Chestcompressionisthemainandonlyactionforhands-onlyCPR.Itissimpleanddoesnotinvolvethemount-to-mouthbreathing,whichmanybystandersareunwillingtodo.Hands-onlyCPRcanalsobeeffectiveinrestoringavictim’sbloodcirculationandbreathingaccordingtoextensiveresearchinvariousjournalsallovertheglobe.Reference21PartII-AudioThinkandTalkItisthenewestandeasiestwaytotreatcardiacarrest.Allinall,hands-onlyCPRisthealternativeformofconventionalCPRforthosewhoarenottrainedorcertified.ItisamethodofCPRthatrequiresonlytheuseofyourhandstoprovidechestcompressions.Reference22PartII-AudioTaskOne:MultipleChoice1.C 2.B3.D 4.A5.DListenandDo23PartII-AudioTaskTwo:QuestionsandAnswers1.Placeyourhands,oneontopoftheother,onthecenterofthechest.Pushhardandfast.Aimforarateofaboutonehundredpressesinaminute.Chestcompressionskeepthebloodflowingtothebrain,heartandotherorgans.2.Theorganizationsaysthehands-onlymethodwasjustaseffectiveastraditionalCPRinseveralstudies.Scientistssaythereisenoughoxygenremaininginaperson'ssystemforseveralminutesafterbreathingstops.Theyalsosaypeopleneedlessoxygenwhentheheartisatrest.ListenandDo24PartII-AudioTaskTwo:QuestionsandAnswers3.ItsaystraditionalCPRwithacombinationofbreathsandcompressionsshouldbeusedforbabiesandchildren.4.BecausetherearemanyexamplesofcaseswhereCPRwithmouth-to-mouthbreathingmaybemorehelpfulthanhands-onlyCPR.5.Thefirstaidermaymakeuseofsomedevices(somethinglikeCPRmask)tomakeindirectcontactduringthemouth-to-mouthCPR.ListenandDo25PartII-AudioTaskThree:CompoundDictation(6)unconscious(7)cardiacarrest (8)Chestcompressions(9)enoughoxygen (10)CollapseListenandDo(1)braindamage (2)thirtytimes(3)twobreaths(4)gettingsick(5)hands-only26PartII-AudioPartIIICelebrityandFirstAidVideoOnePeterSafarandCPRVideoTwoHenryHeimlichandHeimlichManeuver27VideoOnePeterSafarandCPR28ThinkandTalkPeterSafar,anAustrianphysician,apioneerincriticalcaremedicineandathree-timeNobelprizenomineeformedicine,wasgenerallyknownasthefatherofcardiopulmonaryresuscitation(CPR).Meanwhile,heisalsocreditedforhelpingtocreatetheveryfirstintensivecareunitintheUnitedStatesandthefirstparamedicservice.Healsopioneeredcardiopulmonarycerebralresuscitation,orCPCR,meansofpreventingbraindamageinpersonssufferingfromcardiacarrest.PeterSafarwasbornonApril12th,1924,ofJewishancestrywhomanagedtoevadetheNazisasayoungman.Safar'sexperiencesduringtheNaziyearshadaprofoundeffectonhisvisionoftheworldandheworkedtirelesslyforthingslikenucleardisarmament,internationallaw,andworldpeace.Reference29PartIII-VideoOneThinkandTalkIn1966,whileSafarwasaway,his11-yearolddaughterElizabethfellintoanasthmainducedcomaanddied.Safarbecameconvincedanddeterminedthatlaypeople,notjustdoctors,hadtobeinvolvedinresuscitation.Oneyearafterhisdaughter’sdeathPeterSafardesignedandfulfilledthefirstambulanceservicewithaphysicianandvolunteerstrainedinCPR.Asaprofessorofresuscitationmedicine,UniversityofPittsburgh,Pennsylvania,PeterSafar,diedfromcanceron3August2003,leavingawifeandtwosons.Reference30PartIII-VideoOneTaskOne:QuestionsandAnswersCPRstandsforcardio-pulmonaryresuscitation.2.Itisverylikelyduetohisfamilybackgroundashisfatherwasanophthalmologist,andhismotherwasapediatrician.3.Peterresearchedbasiclifesupporttechniques.WatchandDo31PartIII-VideoOneTaskOne:QuestionsandAnswers4.AstandsforAirway.BstandsforBreathing.CstandsforCirculation.5.AlongwithJamesElom,PetercombinedseveralexistingproceduresfromhiscolleaguesatJohnsHopkinstocreatesomethinghecalledtheABC’s.Todaywecallthis‘StuffofGenius’CPR.WatchandDo32PartIII-VideoOneTaskTwo:TrueorFalse1.F2.F3.T4.F5.TWatchandDo33PartIII-VideoOneTaskThree:DescriptionPeterSafarwasborninAustriain1924.Hisfatherwasanophthalmologist,andhismotherwasapediatrician.AfterearninghisM.D.formedicinefromtheUniversityofVienna,PetermovedtoConnecticut’sYale-NewHavenHospitalin1950,andconcludedhisstudiesattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Fromtherehetraveledtoseveralhospitals,eventuallysettlinginBaltimore.WatchandDo34PartIII-VideoOneTaskThree:DescriptionWhileattheBaltimoreCityHospital,Peterresearchedbasiclifesupporttechniques.AlongwithJamesElom,PetercombinedseveralexistingproceduresfromhiscolleaguesatJohnsHopkinstocreatesomethinghecalledtheABC’s,whichstandsforapatient’sAirway,Breathing,andCirculation.Todaywecallthis‘StuffofGenius’CPR.WatchandDo35PartIII-VideoOneVideoTwoHenryHeimlichandHeimlichManeuver36ThinkandTalkThetermHeimlichmaneuverisnamedafterDr.HenryHeimlich,whofirstinventeditin1974.Sincethenithassavedmorethan100,000USlives.HenryHeimlichadvocatedabdominalthrusts,claimingthatbackblowswereproventocausedeathbymakingforeignobjectsintothewindpipe.Foralongtime,HeimlichmaneuverweretheonlyrecommendedtreatmentforchokingintheAmericanRedCrosspublishedguidelines.In2006,theRedCrossdowngradedtheuseofthetechniquebyrecommendingbackslapsfirst.Insomeareas,suchasAustralia,authoritiesdonotrecommendtheuseofHeimlichmaneuverinfirstaid.Theyrecommendchestthrusts.HenryHeimlichalsoallegedthathistechniquecouldbeatreatmentfor

drowningandasthmaattacks,buttheRedCrosscontestedhisclaims.Hisson,PeterM.Heimlich,alsoclaimedlaternottobelievetheeffectivenessofhisfather’stechnique.Reference37PartIII-VideoTwoTaskOne:MultipleChoice1.A2.D3.C4.C5.BWatchandDo38PartIII-VideoTwoTaskTwo:QuestionsandAnswersHesavedastranger'slifeusinghisinventionofHeimlichmaneuver.

2.Hethoughthewaswatchinghistoryhappen.3.Hegothisarmsfrombehindherandputhisfistrightaboveherbellybutton,and