U8現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(一)時(shí)態(tài)（tense）不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)詞要用不同形式。已學(xué)習(xí)過的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的形式表現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)已學(xué)習(xí)過的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間動(dòng)詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)正在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.am/is/are2.動(dòng)原do動(dòng)詞三單does

be(am/is/are)+doing1.be(am/is/are)goingto+動(dòng)原2.will+動(dòng)原1.was/were2.動(dòng)詞過去式didbe(was/were)+doing經(jīng)常or習(xí)慣過去/過去經(jīng)常or習(xí)慣現(xiàn)在(說(shuō)話瞬間)/現(xiàn)階段將來(lái)(某時(shí)刻/某段時(shí)間)過去(某時(shí)刻/某段時(shí)間)判斷下列句子的時(shí)態(tài)1.Sheworksinafactory.I

am

a

student.2.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.3.WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSunday.4.Theyheldasportsmeetinglastweek.5.Areyouhelpingyourmother？一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)學(xué)過的時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)正在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)例如：我自從1996年就住在濟(jì)南。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)這些時(shí)態(tài)看似能表達(dá)所有的時(shí)間，但其實(shí)呢，有些時(shí)態(tài)還是沒辦法表達(dá)的。從1996年到現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)延續(xù)的時(shí)間，如果說(shuō)過去，那現(xiàn)在還住著；如果說(shuō)現(xiàn)在，那過去也住了。所以說(shuō)這種情況我們要用一種新的時(shí)態(tài)，那就是——所謂現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，體現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)上就是havedone結(jié)構(gòu)，done表示動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。/d?n/動(dòng)詞原形，三單，動(dòng)詞ing，過去式，過去分詞翻譯：IhavelivedinJinansince(自…以來(lái))1996.HehaslivedinJinansince1996.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：have/hasdone（主語(yǔ)為三單時(shí)用has，其余人稱用have）動(dòng)詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則：規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成與過去式的構(gòu)成相同；例如：finish-finished-finishedvisit-visited-visited不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成需要特殊記憶(見課本P136-137不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表)Ihavealreadyfinishedreadingit.Hehas

visitedtheGreatWall.Lucyhas

writtenanovelbefore.HaveyoueverbeentoChina?write-wrote-writtenbe(am/is/are)-was/were-beenhave/has助動(dòng)詞過去式的規(guī)則變化(過去分詞的規(guī)則變化)1.

pick→picked→picked;wish→wished→wished2.like→liked→liked;hope→hoped→hoped3.study→studied→studiedhurry→hurried→hurried(carry,marry)4.stop→stopped→stoppedplan→planned→planned(drop,shop)一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾直接加ed以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后面加d以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加-ed以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母：雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成與過去式的構(gòu)成相同清后/t/，元濁/d/，/t//d/之后讀/Id

/.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(P110)用法一(概念一)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。(影響性用法)havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓)I’mnothungrynownowpast表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在_____，但對(duì)_____造成了影響過去現(xiàn)在Ihavewateredtheflowers.(現(xiàn)在不用澆花了)have/water動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響。再如：漢語(yǔ)“有人把窗戶打破了”雖然“打破窗戶”發(fā)生在過去，且在過去已經(jīng)完成了。但說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是窗戶打破對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響——窗戶是破的。說(shuō)明：強(qiáng)調(diào)影響或結(jié)果，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本身現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,sofar,recently練習(xí)：1.Ihavealready_________(finish)myhomework.2.Ihaveever_______(read)thisbook.3.Shehasnever_____(see)thisfilm.4.Tomhasjust____(have)breakfast.5.Haveyou_______(visit)Chinayet?6.Lucyhasn't______(know)thetruthbefore.●現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞具體用法(1)already和yet◎already意為“已經(jīng)”，常用于肯定句。放在have/has之后，過去分詞之前；或位于句末。例如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Shehaslearnt50Frenchwordsalready.-Thestorybookisveryinteresting.-Iagreewithyou.I___ittwicealready.A.readB.willreadC.amreadingD.haveread◎yet常用于否定句和疑問句，通常位于句末。用于否定句，意為“還(沒)，尚(未)”；用于疑問句，意為“已經(jīng)”例如：Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?你已經(jīng)找到你丟的書了嗎？Haveyoufoundyourlostbook____?他們還沒看過這個(gè)電影。They

haven’t

seen

thismovie_____.yetyetD◎already和yet的轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句中，含有already的陳述句變否定句或疑問句時(shí)，要把a(bǔ)lready改為__，并放于__。Hehasalreadycleanedhisroom.(改為否定句)He______cleanedhisroom___.WangLinhasalreadyreadHarryPotter.(一般疑問句)yet句末hasn’tyet____WangLinreadHarryPotter____?Hasyet-Hasyoursisterfinishedwatchingthenewfilm____?-Yes,shehasfinishedit_______.A.yet,yetB.already,alreadyC.already,yetD.yet,already-Whenwillyouhandinyourbookreport?-Sorry,I’mnotsure.I__writingityet.A.didn’tfinishB.don’tfinishC.havefinishedD.haven’tfinishedD1.-Isdinnerready?

-Not__.alreadyB.justC.yetD.ever2.Hollyhas___fedthedog,butshehasn’twateredtheflowers__.still,alreadyB.already,yetC.yet,stillD.yet,alreadyCBD(2)ever和never◎ever曾經(jīng)，表示從過去到目前為止的時(shí)間。常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定句疑問句;位于助動(dòng)詞have/has后，過去分詞前。例如：Haveyoueverreadthisbook?◎never從來(lái)沒有，決不，表示否定含義。位于助動(dòng)詞have/has之后，過去分詞之前。

例如：Hehasneverarguedwithotherpeople.注意：ever與not連用，相當(dāng)于neverIhaven'teverplayedbasketball.=Ihave______playedbasketball.-Haveyou_______visitedShanghai?—No,_______.A.ever;notB.never;notC.ever;neverD.never;evernever-Billhasn’tfinishedreadingthebookyet.Whataboutyou?-I’vereadittwice_____.A.justthenB.justnowC.yetD.alreadyDC(3)just剛剛，常用于肯定句中。一般置于助動(dòng)詞have/has之后，過去分詞之前。

Hehasjustcomebackfromschool.justnow剛才，用于一般過去時(shí)(4)before以前，可用于各種句式(肯定否定疑問)。位于句尾。Ihavereadthisbookbefore.Ihaven’treadthisbookbefore.Haveyoureadthisbookbefore?(never常和before連用：Ihavenevertravelledbyplanebefore.)ago...以前，用于一般過去時(shí)(5)sofar到目前為止，多位于句首或句末。Hehaslearned/learnt200Englishwordssofar.無(wú)標(biāo)志詞的(上下文)1.Heisnotfeelingwellnow.He_________(catch)acold.2.I________(lose)mykey.Ican'tgointomyroom.3.Hehaslosthispen.(意為現(xiàn)在_________)4.Juliaisn’tgoingtothecinemawithusbecauseshe___thefilm.A.seesB.sawC.willseeD.hasseen5.–Wow,theroomissotidy.Who____theroom?-ItmaybeSally.Sheisreallyagoodgirl.cleanedB.hascleanedC.cleansD.hadcleaned6.–Look!Somebody___thelights.–Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.turnsoffB.isturningoffC.wasturningoffD.hasturnedoff7.Hecan’tgotothefarmwithhisfriendsbecausehe_________(catch)abadcold.8.–Whenwillyougivethebookbacktome?-Sorry,I______________(notfinish)it.HowaboutFriday?9.-Lunch?—No,thanks.I__________(eat).hascaughthavelost還沒找到DBDhascaughthaven’tfinishedhaveeaten現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型：1.肯定句:主語(yǔ)+________+_________+其他.2.否定句:主語(yǔ)+___________+________+其他.3.一般疑問句:__________+主語(yǔ)+________+其他？肯定答語(yǔ)：Yes,主語(yǔ)________.否定答語(yǔ)：No,主語(yǔ)_____________.4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句？Wherehaveyouvisited?Ihavevisited

Beijing.have/has過去分詞Ihavenot/haven’tvisitedBeijing.have/hasnot過去分詞havenot=haven’t(/’h?vnt/)hasnot=hasn’t(/’h?znt)HaveyouvisitedBeijing?Have/Has過去分詞Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.have/hashaven't/hasn'thave/has可與主語(yǔ)縮寫在一起:have='ve

例如Ihave=I'veYouhave=You'vehas='s

例如Hehas=He'sShehas=She's現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的反意疑問句：…,_________________________________________?LucyhasbeentoBeijing,__________?Hisparentshaven’tseenthatfilm,_________?hasn’tshehavetheyhave/has+代詞?/haven’t/hasn’t+代詞1.Davidhasalreadywrittenanarticleforthemagazine.(否定句)David___________anarticleforthemagazine____.2.Hisfriendshavepreparedforhisbirthday.(一般疑問句)____hisfriends______forhisbirthday?3.HavetheyvisitedtheGreatWall.(肯定回答)Yes,________.4.HasLisapostedtheletterforme?(否定回答)No,

____

_____.5.Sarahhassoldmorethan120millionrecords.(劃線提問)________recordshasSarahsold?6.-Judy’sneverbeenlateforschool,___she?-___.Sheisalwaysthefirsttogettoschooleverymorning.is,YesB.has,NoC.isn’t,YesD.hasn’t,No7.Davidneverfightswithhisclassmates,___?doesheB.doesn’theC.isn’theyethasn’twrittenshehasn’tpreparedtheyhaveHaveHowmanyBA8.-Thereisabeautifulparknearyourschool,___?-Yes,Ioftengowalkingthere.isthereB.isn’tthereC.arethereD.aren’tthere9.