Unit4HistoryandTraditionsDiscoveringUsefulStructures【語法感知】觀察并完成下列課文原句Theyusethesameflag,______(know)astheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.2.Mostpeoplejustusethe_________(shorten)name:“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.3.Theyhadcastles_____(build)allaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegalsystem.

knownshortenedbuilt【歸納填空】答案:4.句1,句2

5.句3【語法精講】一、過去分詞作定語1.過去分詞作定語時的位置。(1)一般情況下,單個過去分詞作前置定語,即放在被修飾詞之前。有時為了表示強調(diào),也可放在被修飾詞之后。Ilikeeatingfriedtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.我喜歡吃番茄炒蛋,我認(rèn)為這道菜一定很容易做。Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.這一點是值得贊賞的,因為在喬遷派對上不會提供很多食物。(2)過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾的名詞后面,作后置定語,其作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles(whichwasmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles).在新奧爾良和布魯克林舉辦的不同尋常的時裝展展示了用海貍鼠的皮毛做成的不同風(fēng)格的服裝。Anactorhiredbytheresearchers(whowashiredbytheresearchers)grabbedherfoodfirst.一名由研究人員雇用的演員先吃了她的食物。(3)如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等時,即使一個單一的分詞作形容詞用,也要放在被修飾詞的后面。*Isthereanythingunsolved?還有沒解決的事情嗎?*ThereisnothingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.自從我離開這個城鎮(zhèn)以來,沒有什么變化。2.過去分詞作定語的時態(tài)和語態(tài)意義。(1)及物動詞的過去分詞作定語通常表示被動和完成,即被修飾詞通常是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者,且該動作已經(jīng)完成。OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation.在周四《細(xì)胞》雜志上出版的一篇文章中,一組研究人員報道了一種新型的適應(yīng)方式。The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.漢斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8萬件物品成了開放于1759年的大英博物館的核心館藏。(2)不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語僅表示完成,不表示被動。*Ontheotherhand,Ihopetobroadenmyhorizonsinthisdevelopedcountry.另一方面,我希望在這個發(fā)達(dá)國家拓寬我的視野。3.過去分詞(短語)作非限制性定語,相當(dāng)于非限制性的定語從句,用來補充說明被修飾詞的情況,通常用逗號與主句隔開。*I’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinusinseeingafilm,called

My

people,My

country.我寫信邀請你和我們一起看一部電影,叫作《我和我的祖國》。過去分詞作定語(1)單個過去分詞前加一名詞或副詞,常用連字符將它們連接起來構(gòu)成一個復(fù)合形容詞,放在其修飾的名詞前,作前置定語。分詞前加的名詞表示分詞的動作或行為主體,所加的副詞表示方式、時間、程度、性質(zhì)等意義。Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.我們將會參觀一些世界上保護最好的羅馬建筑。*Havingtravelledforaweek,wearrivedatthesnow-coveredmountain.旅行了一周之后,我們到達(dá)了那座大雪覆蓋的山。(2)有些過去分詞表示特定含義時,單獨作定語也放在所修飾的名詞之后,如left(剩余的),given(所給的),concerned(有關(guān)的)等。*Thereislittletimeleft.Let’shurryup.剩余的時間不多了,我們趕快吧。*Weareinterestedintheproblemsconcernedandwanttofindoutmoreinformation.我們對有關(guān)的問題很感興趣,想了解更多信息。2.過去分詞用在使役動詞have/get和make的后面作賓語補足語。(1)“have/get＋賓語＋過去分詞”表示“讓別人做某事”。Hewantstohave/gethiseyesexaminedtomorrow.(2)在“make＋賓語＋過去分詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞表示結(jié)果。TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodbyusingverysimpleEnglish．3.過去分詞用在感官動詞see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等之后做賓語補足語。Whenwesawtheroadblockedwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.Wecanhearthewindowsknockedbytheheavyraindrops.帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等）+直接賓語（名詞或代詞）+賓語補足語Everyonecallshim(O)(OC)(S)(V)Tom.Q1:WhatistheObjectComplement?賓語補足語一般放在賓語_________,對賓語起____________的作用。之后補充說明Hefoundhisnewbike______.(steal)stolen過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示______或______的意義，有時候兩者兼而有之。被動完成小結(jié):Step2:Presentation

用在表示狀態(tài)的keep,leave等的后面:Theykeptthedoor________(lock)foralongtime.Don’tleavethewindows________(break)likethisallthetime.2.用在感官動詞watch,notice,see,hear,feel,find,listento等的后面。Wecanhearthewindows________(beat)bytheraindrops.Whenwegottoschool,wefoundthedoor________(lock).用法：lockedbrokenbeatenlocked3.用在wish,want,like,expect,order等表示愿望,希望,命令這一類動詞后面.Theteacherwouldnotliketheproblem_____________(discuss)atthemoment.Iwantthedress_________(make)tomyownmeasure.4.用在使役動詞have,make,get,keep的后面.1)havesb/sthdone“請別人做某事”Theyhadmanytrees__________(plant).Hehadhisleg___________(break)intheaccident.Ihadmywallet___________(steal)inthebus.discussedmadeplantedbrokenstolenwith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：Hesaidgoodbyetouswithtearsinhiseyes．

用在“with/without+賓語+賓補”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系.Thethiefwasbroughtin,withhishands__________(tie)behindhisback.Withmanyflowers____________(plant)aroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.tiedplanted注意：

Isawhim________(get)offthebus.Isawhim________(knock)downbyacar.Isawhim________(lie)ontheroadjustnow.(to)do:整個過程V-ed:被動V-ing:主動,正在進行V-ed、V-ing與todo作OC的區(qū)別:getknockedlyingJohnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork__________(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.2.---DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?---Hehadit_______(fix),becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers.3.Iwaswonderingwhytheykeptthedoor________(lock)forsuchalongtime.finishedfixedlockedStep3:Practice

4.ThisisthefirsttimethatIhaveheardthepoem_______(speak)inEnglish.5.Withthetask____________(finish),wehadahappyweekend.6.Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself__________(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.7.Idon’twantthechildren______outinsuchweather.spokenfinishedheardtaken4.ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavehe