廣東省東莞市五校2024-2025學年高二下學期5月聯考英語試題一、閱讀理解Forgenerations,thenameMiltonHersheyhasbeenawell-knownwordcloselyconnectedwithfinechocolateproductsthroughoutthecountryandaroundtheworld.Hewasbornin1857onafarmnearDerryChurch,asmallPennsylvaniacommunity.Frequentfamilymovesinterruptedhisschoolingandlefthimwithlimitededucation.Heonlycompletedthefourthgrade.Followingafour-yearapprenticeship(學徒期)withaLancastercandymaker,heestablishedhisfirstcandy-makingbusinessinPhiladelphia.Thatinitialeffortfailed,sodidhisnexttwoattemptsinChicagoandNewYork.ReturningtoLancasterin1883,HersheyperseveredinhisdreamandfinallyestablishedtheLancasterCaramelCompany,whichquicklybecameanoutstandingsuccess.HersheybecamefascinatedwiththeGermanchocolate-makingmachineryexhibitedatthe1893World’sColumbianExposition.HeboughttheequipmentforhisLancasterplantandsoonbeganproducingvariouschocolatecreations.HersheysoldtheLancasterCompanyin1900inordertofocusentirelyonhischocolatebusiness.Threeyearslater,hereturnedtoDerryChurchtobuildanewfactory.Throughtrialanderror,hecreatedhisownformula(配方)formilkchocolate.In1903hebeganconstructiononwhatwastobecometheworld’slargestchocolateplant.Afteritscompletion,Hershey’smilkchocolatequicklybecamethefirstnationallymarketedproductofitskind.WithMiltonHershey’ssuccesscameagreatsenseofsocialresponsibility.Hersheycreatedacompletenewcommunityaroundhisfactory.Hebuiltamodeltownforhisemployeesthatincludedcomfortablehomes,aninexpensivepublictransportationsystem,aqualitypublicschoolsystemandbroadculturalopportunities.ThetownofHersheycontinuestobeaspecialplaceforitsresidentsandapopularattractionformillionsofvisitorseachyear.Indeed,MiltonHershey’sachievementsdospeakforthemselves.1．WhatstoppedHersheyfromhavingsystematicschooleducation?A．Hislackofinterestinstudy. B．Hisfamily’scontinualrelocation.C．Hisfailuretomeetschoolrequirements. D．Hisparents’attachinglittlevaluetoeducation.2．WhydidHersheysellhisLancasterplant?A．Thechocolatecreationwereoflowquality. B．Theplanthadsufferedagreatfinancialloss.C．Hischocolatebusinessrequiredalotofmoney. D．Hedecidedtofullyconcentrateonhisbusiness.3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHershey?A．Generousandopen-minded. B．Strictandwell-behaved.C．Determinedandpublic-spirited. D．Humorousandambitious.Watershortageisoneoftheworld’sbiggestchallenges.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)thinksoneinthreepeoplegloballydonothaveeasyaccesstocleanwater.Desalinating(給……脫鹽)oceanwatercouldhelp.Butcurrently-availabledesalinationunitstypicallyrequirehigh-pressurepumpstopushwaterthroughfilters(過濾器),whichmakesitdifficulttoreducetheirsizewithoutinfluencingtheenergy-efficiencyofthedevice.Meanwhile,theyaretooexpensivetosetupwidely.Now,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)researchershavedevelopedaconvenientdesalinationmachine.Unliketraditionaldesalinationunits,theMITmachineuseselectricitytoremovethesaltandothersmallthingsfromtheoceanwater.Moreimportantly,thesuitcase-sizeddeviceneedslesspowertorun.Itcanalsobepoweredbyasmallsolarpanelthatcostslessthan$50.Thelackoffiltersandthelowelectricityrequirementsmakethemachineextremelycheaptosetup.“Easeofusewasoneofthemainmotivationsforcreatingthedevice.”saidoneresearcher.Afterrunninglabexperimentsusingwaterwithdifferentsalinity(鹽度)levels,theyfield-testedthedeviceatBoston’sCarsonBeach.Theresearcherssettheboxneartheshoreandputthetubeintothewater.Inabouthalfanhour,thedevicehadfilledaplasticcupwithclear,drinkablewater.TheresearchersbelievetheirinventioncandeliverdrinkingwatermeetingWHOqualitystandardswithapushofabutton.Meanwhile,asmartphoneappallowstheusertocontroltheunitwirelesslyandreceivereal-timedataonpowerconsumptionandwatersalinity.Italsosendsoutinformationwhenthewaterisdrinkable.TheMITteamisnowexploringwaystobringtheirmachinetomarket.Theybelieveitwillbenefitresidentsofsmallislandsorthoserunningawayfromnaturaldisastersinthefuture.4．Whatdoweknowaboutthecurrentdesalinationunits?A．Theycannotworkefficiently. B．Theyareusuallylargeinsize.C．TheyweredevelopedbyMIT. D．Theycannotstandhighpressure.5．WhichaspectofthenewdesalinationdeviceisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Theoriginalpurpose. B．Theworkingprocess.C．Thepracticaladvantages. D．Themajorcomponents.6．Whatmakestheresearchersconfidentintheirinvention?A．Thatitisuser-friendlyandeffective.B．Thatitcanprovidelotsofreal-timedata.C．Thatitcanbesupportedbyseveralsmartphoneapps.D．Thatithassuccessfullypassedmanylabexperiments.Ifastrangerofferedyouafreecookie,youmightwelleatit.Butwhatiftheyofferedtoalsogiveyou$2?Youmightpolitelydeclineandwalkawaythinking,“Somethingsmellsfishy.”InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney”(aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservices)becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue”.Theresearchbridgeseconomicsandpsychologytoexplainwhyfinancialattractioncanbackfire.Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely,comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$2aswell.“Peopletypicallyimaginethingslikethatsomeonedidsomethingdisgustingtothecookie,”saysstudyleadauthorAndrewJ.Vonasch,apsychologicalscientistatUniversityofCanterburyinNewZealand.Ninefurtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonlinequestionnairestopresentothercases.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehome,incrediblyhighconstruction-jobwagesandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainthreshold(門檻),higherfinancialprofitreducedparticipants’potentialofacceptingtheoffer.Ifsomeoneseemstogoagainstacceptednormssuchasself-interestwithoutexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantomcosts”:imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue”.Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’perceivedovergenerositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysRachelMcCloy,apsychologiststudyingdecision-makingatEngland’sUniversityofReading.“Theoldsaying‘there’snosuchthingasafreelunch’isclearlyaliveandwell.”Anotherexperimentfoundthathighscorersonmeasuresofdistrustinferredmorephantomcosts.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtoalleviatetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.The“cheapflights”experimentincludedaconditionwheretheseatswererevealedtobeveryuncomfortable.“Uncomfortableseatsaren’ttypicallyasellingpoint,”Vonaschsays.“Buttellingpeopletheseatswereuncomfortablemadethemmorewillingtotakethembecauseitwassufficientexplanation.”7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“backfire”inPara.1mean?A．Resultinanoppositeeffect.B．Boostthesuccessofanoffer.C．Increasetheappealofaproposal.D．Causeapositiveoutcomeunexpectedly.8．Whyisthequote“there’snosuchthingasafreelunch”mentionedbytheauthor?A．Toprovethephantomcosts.B．Topromotegenerosityinsociety.C．Todoubthiddencostsofgenerousoffers.D．Toremindpeopletobecautiousoffreeitems.9．Whathelpsmakethe“cheapflights”moreacceptableaccordingtotheexperiment?A．Offeringmoreflightcredits.B．Discountingthepricefurther.C．Providingadditionalunrelatedgifts.D．Givingaseeminglyreasonableexplanation.10．Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyPeopleEmbraceHigh-ValueOffersB．WhyPeopleRejectFreeMoneyandOffersC．WhySomeDealsSeemTooGoodtoBeTrueD．HowOffersofMoneyIncreaseAcceptanceRatesIneveryculturethroughouttime,thekitchenhashadapowerfulinfluence.Thesimplepracticeofsittingdowntogetheratthetablegivesusthechancetoconnectandcommunicate.11Itdependsonwhereyoulive,yourage,andotherfactors,buttheansweris,yes.Ourintentionsfor“home”areevolving.12Fast-pacedlifestylesandworkschedulesmakeithardtofindtimetoshopforgroceriesandpreparemeals.Onlinefooddeliveryserviceshavetakenoff,too.In2016,onein10Chinesewereorderingfoodonline.ThroughoutEurope,onlineorderingiscapturing56percentofthemarketinSwedenand43percentinAustria.InIndia,onlinefoodorderingisexpectedtoreachcloseto$12m(US)by2023.Whilethereisatrendtowardsbring-inandorder-infood,aswellasdiningout,thekitchenisstillacoreinhomelife.Food&Winecitedasurveyin22countriesaskingaboutcookinghabits.13AtthelowerendwereSouthKoreans,whospentjust3.7hoursperweekcooking.PeopleinIndiawereatthetopwith13.2hoursperweekspentinthekitchen.Simplybeinginthekitchen,cookingandeatingwithotherpeople,canhavehealthybenefits.Regardlessofitssize,thekitchenisawarmandinvitingplace.14Thedifferenceis,nowyoucanfollowarecipeonyouriPadwhilecooking.It’struethatimpersonalappliancesareconnectingtoeachotherandtous.Refrigeratorsordervegetables.Cooktophoodswithsensorsturnonbythemselves.Whiletechnologyandourexpectationsforthekitchenareshape-shiftinginrealtime,thefundamentalsremainthesame.15A．Soiscookingawaytoexpressyourself?B．Theglobalaveragewasalmost6.5hours.C．Butisourrelationshiptothekitchenchanging?D．It’slikegatheringaroundacampfireinthepast.E．Peopleseemtobespendinglesstimecookingworldwide.F．Nowmoreofthemareeatingoutsidethehomemorefrequently.G．Thekitcheniswhereweconnectwithfoodandcompanyinthesoulofthehome.二、完形填空Iwasannoyedthatmymomhadevenscheduledtheappointmentwithadoctorforme.Asdoctorssooftendo,whenhearrivedhewentstraightintothebasicsmalltalkaboutmy16history.Butthenhe17aquestionthattookmeoffguard.“SoRobin,whatareyougoingtodoafterhighschool?”Hewrotesomethingathisnotes,withnotevenaglanceinmy18.“Idon’tknow,”Iwhispered.Iwasseventeen.Ihadno19whatIwasgoingtodoafterhighschool.MyhighschoolteachertoldmethatIwasn’t“collegematerial”andIbelievedher.Educationwasn’texactly20inmyfamily.“Youdon’tknow?Whydon’tyougotocollegetobecomea21likeme?”Hesmiledasheglancedathiswatch.Ithoughthewas22forevensuggestingit.Nooneinmyfamilyhadevengraduatedfromcollege,letalonebecomeadoctor.“I’mnotsmartenoughtobeadoctor.”Hestareddirectlyintomyeyeswhenhe23said,“Letmetellyousomething.Youdon’thavetobesmarttobeadoctor.Youjusthavetobepersevering.”Thenthedoctorhurriedlygatheredhisthingsandrushedofftohisnext24.I25tothinkaboutitwhenIwasatschool.WhatwouldIdoafterhigh-school?EventhoughIwasn’tcollegematerial,thatdoctormadea(n)26onme.Iappliedtoacollegeandsoonfoundmyselfwalkinginthe27asanewstudent.IoftenquestionedwhatIwasdoingthere.MaybeIwasn’tsmartenoughforcollege,butIcouldbepersevering.Iwas28tofindthatwitheachindividualachievementcamenewfound29inmyself.Igraduatedwithamaster’sdegreeinSeptember2014,twodecadesafterthat30withmydoctor.16．A．career B．health C．credit D．growth17．A．threwin B．setoff C．cameacross D．madeup18．A．account B．opinion C．resolution D．direction19．A．idea B．core C．pressure D．discovery20．A．abandoned B．protested C．emphasized D．declared21．A．professor B．doctor C．blogger D．sponsor22．A．crazy B．anxious C．genuine D．greedy23．A．casually B．automatically C．seriously D．doubtfully24．A．recreation B．commitment C．contest D．appointment25．A．continued B．hesitated C．calculated D．pretended26．A．comment B．impact C．distribution D．advertisement27．A．venue B．campus C．workshop D．stadium28．A．frightened B．annoyed C．surprised D．discouraged29．A．freedom B．sympathy C．guilt D．confidence30．A．argument B．debate C．conversation D．negotiation三、語法填空31．Thenewly-builtlibraryissuperiortheoldoneintermsofbookcollectionandreadingenvironment,providingabetterspaceforstudentstostudy.(用適當的詞填空)32．TheInternetserviceinthisareais(temporary)unavailableduetosometechnicalproblems.(所給詞的適當形式填空)33．Thecharityeventissponsoredbyseverallocal(chairwoman)whoprovidefundsandresources.(所給詞的適當形式填空)34．Afterwatchingtheinspiringmovieaboutspace,hedevelopedurgetobecomeadevotedastronaut.(用適當的詞填空)35．(complete)allthepreparationsforaweek,theresearchteamwasreadytostarttheexperiment.(所給詞的適當形式填空)36．Theancientvase,which(steal)fromthemuseumlastmonth,hasbeenfound.(所給詞的適當形式填空)37．Theyarediscussingthenewpolicyshouldbecarriedoutnoworbeputofflater.(用適當的詞填空)38．Uptonow,neithertheactorsnorthedirector(know)theoutcomeoftheselection.(所給詞的適當形式填空)39．Theconcerthallhasthemostwonderfulatmospherecanmaketheaudiencefullyimmersedinthemusic.(用適當的詞填空)40．Someplantshavethecapacity(communicate)witheachotherbyreleasingchemicalsignalswhenunderattack.(所給詞的適當形式填空)四、完成句子41．Unexpectedly,Jimfirmly(拒絕)thejobthatofferedexcellentsalarytheotherday.(根據漢語提示完成句子)42．It’ssignificanttoconsiderthe(利與弊)ofeachoptionbeforemakingadecision.(根據漢語提示完成句子)43．Itisreportedthatthetechcompanyislaunchinganewsmartphonemodelnextmonth.(同義句改寫)Thetechcompanyisreportedanewsmartphonemodelnextmonth.44．Theteachershavetestedoutthisnewteachingmethodsincethebeginningofthisterm.(用被動語態改寫)Thisnewteachingmethodbytheteacherssincethebeginningofthisterm.45．IaskedSusan,“Whydoyoulooksoworried?”(用間接引語改寫)46．Thechildisgoingthroughadifficultphase.Morecareandguidanceareneededinthisphase.(用定語從句合并句子)五、翻譯47．使我們開心的是，一個專業的團隊將會接管這個組織。（用主語從句翻譯句子）六、書信寫作48．假定你是李華，上周五你校舉辦了以TechFestivalHighlightsInnovationandCreativity為主題的科技節活動，請你為校英語報寫一篇報道，內容包括：1.活動目的；2.活動內容；3.活動反響及意義。注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。TechFestivalHighlightsInnovationandCreativity__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、書面表達49．閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。OnepleasantNew-yearmorning,Edwardrose,washedanddressedhimselfinahurry.HewantedtobethefirsttowishahappyNewYeartohisfamily.Heturnedupateverydoorofthehouse,andshoutedthewordsof“HappyNewYear”inanexcitedvoice.Afteraquickbreakfasthehoppedalongthestreetlikeahappybird,greetedandrepeatedthewordstothosehemet.Whenhecameback,hisfathergavehim50dollars,sayinghecouldbuywhateverhehadbeenwishingfor.Hisfacelightedupashetookthem.Hehadwishedforalongtimetobuysomeinterestingbooksthathehadseenatthebookstorelocatedneartheriverthroughthecity.Hethankedhisfatheranddancedoutofthehouseagainwithalightheart,intendingtobuythosebooks.Asherandownthestreet,henoticedapoorfamily,thefather,themother,andthreechildrenshiveringwithcoldinthewinterwind.“IwishyouahappyNewYear,”criedEdwardashewashappilypassingon.Themantookalookatthehappyboyandshookhisheadsadly.Edwardstoppedandsaid,“Itseemsthatyoudonotbelongtothiscountry.”Themanagainshookhishead,aconfusedexpressionflashedoverhisface,forhecouldnotunderstandorspeakEnglish.Butthepoormanpointedtohisdrymouth,andtothechildrenwithhungrylooks,asiftosay,“Theselittleoneshavehadnothingtoeatforalongtime.”注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Edwardrealizedthatthesepoorpeoplewereintrouble.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Mydearboy,”saidhisfather,“Hereareadozenofbooksforyou.”__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案【答案】1．B2．D3．C【答案】4．B5．C6．A【答案】7．A8．A9．D10．C【答案】11．C12．E13．B14．D15．G【答案】16．B17．A18．D19．A20．C21．B22．A23．C24．D25．A26．B27．B28．C29．D30．C31．【答案】to32．【答案】temporarily33．【答案】chairwomen34．【答案】an35．【答案】Havingcompleted36．【答案】wasstolen37．【答案】whether38．【答案】hasknown39．【答案】that40．【答案】tocommunicate41．【答案】turneddown42．【答案】prosandcons43．【答案】tobelaunching44．【答案】hasbeentestedout45．【答案】IaskedSusanwhyshelookedsoworried.46．【答案】Thechildisgoingthroughadifficultphasewhenmorecareandguidanceareneeded./Thechildisgoingthroughadifficultphaseinwhichmorecareandguidanceareneeded.47．【答案】Whatmakesushappyisthataprofessionalteamwillt