1Module6OldandNewGrammar1Grammar22Grammar1-1.Presentation(5m)

Readthesentencesandfindoutthedifferencesbetweenthem.Theoldmanthatyoumetattheschoolgateisaprofessor.Theoldmanisaprofessor,whoisover80yearsold.ThetemplewhichwevisitedlastweekdatesfromSongDynasty.Thetemple,whichisaplaceofinterestinourhometown,datesfromSongdynasty.3Grammar1-2.Practice(5m)Findtherelativeclausesinthetextandidentifythem.Possibleanswers:MaoZedongwroteapoeminwhichhedreamedof“wallsofstonetoholdbackcloudsandraintillasmoothlakerisesinthenarrowgorges.”ThepoweroftheYangtzeRiver,whichistheworld’sthirdlongestriver,hasbeenharnessedbytheThreeGorgesDam.TheThreeGorgesDam,whichisthebiggestconstructionprojectinchinasincethebuildingoftheGreatWallandtheGrandCanal,hasbeenbuilttocontrolfloodingandprovidehydro-electricpowerforthecentralregionofChina.44.SunYat-sen,whowastheleaderofthe1911Revolution,firstsuggestedtheideaofadamacrosstheYangtzeRiverin1919.5.Morethanamillionpeoplewholivedintheregionhavemovedfromtheirhomes.5Grammar1-3.Practice(5m)Doactivity1onpage54.Thekeytothequestions:aanddcontainessentialinformation;bandccontainextrainformation.aandddon’t,butbandcdobecausethemeaningstandswithouttheextraclause.Theonewithextrainformation.6Grammar1-4.Summary定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如：

Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）

Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）

72)當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。

Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。

Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.這本小說很動人，我已經讀了三遍。

83)非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞,對其進行修飾,這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數，例如：

HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液態水變為蒸汽，這就叫做蒸發。

說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句.9Grammar1-5.Practice(5m)Doactivity2and3onpage54Thekeytoactivity2:SunYat-sen,whobecamePresidentoftheRepublicofChinain1912,diedin1925.ThebuildingoftheGrandCanal,whichistheworld’slongestcanal,beganin486BC.Thesectionofthecanal,whichwasbuiltintheseventhcentury,wasmainlyusedforricetransportation.10Keytoactivity3:TheYangtzeriver,A,isthethirdlongestriverintheworld.TheThreeGorgesDam,C,isthebiggestconstructionprojectinChina.MaoZedong,B,wroteapoemaboutadamacrosstheYangtzeRiver.11Grammar2-1.Presentation(5m)Readthesentences,findoutthemeaningofthemandunderlinetherelativeclauses.Imetamanmygrandfatherworkedwiththirtyyearsago.Imetamanwhomygrandfatherworkedwiththirtyyearsago.Iwantedtovisitthehousethatmygrandparentslivedin.ThebuswhichItookbacktomybirthplacewasfullofvisitorsfromotherpartsofChina.12Grammar2-2.Presentation(5m)Doactivity1onpage56.Thekeytothequestions:Yes,theydo.Thegrandfather.Yes,theycan.13Grammar2-3.Summary(2m)當引導定語從句的關系代詞充當賓語時，可以省略。當引導定語從句的關系代詞充當主語時，則不能省略。14Grammar2-4.Practice(5m)Doactivity3and4onpage56.Thekeytoactivity2:1.that2.who3.thatcanbecrossedout4.that5.thatcanbecrossedout6.who15Thekeytoactivity3:Thedamtheybuiltprovidesalargeamountofpower.Thepowerstationwevisitedwasverymodern.Thevillagemygrandparentsusedtoliveisnearthelake.TheboatItookwentfromWuhantoZigui.16Grammar2-5.Presentation(5m)Doactivity2onpage56andfindouttheruleofthecontractionofrelativeclauses.Englishattributiveclausescanbereducedtovariousphrasessuchasparticiplephrases,adjectivephrases,nounphrases,prepositionalphrasesandinfinitivephrases.有些定語從句可以縮略為各種短語，如分詞短語、形容詞短語、名詞短語、介詞短語及動詞不定式短語等，且句意不受影響。我們稱這一語現象為定語從句的縮略。

171、縮略為分詞短語：

有些定語從句可直接略去作主語的關系代詞（who,which,that）和部分謂語（am,is,are，were等，從而使之縮略為現在分詞短語或過去分詞短語作后置定語。例如：

1）

Iknowthemen(whoare)sittinginthatcar.我認識坐在那輛汽車里的那些人。

2）

Theboyshelpedthepeople(thatwere)hurtintheaccident.

.

那些男孩子救助了事故

中受傷的人們。

183）

Theproblem(whichis)botheringeverybodyisthelackofmoney.

令大家麻煩的問題是缺少資金。

4)Thebook(thathasbeen)giventohimisanEnglishnovel.

給他的那本書是一部英語小說。

19有些定語從句不能按上述方法直接縮略，而需變動詞為分詞。這類定語從句一般縮略為現在分詞短語，且在縮略時要考慮現在分詞的時態和詞態特征。例如：

5）

Themanwhoownsthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking

→Themanowningthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking.

那輛汽車的主人將因違章停車而被處以罰款。

206）

Bill,whohadtakenchemistryinhighschool,of