專題十七概要寫作【考綱解讀】考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容考查方式2016—2017年浙江高考概要寫作考次統(tǒng)計(jì)2017.112017.62016.10概要寫作1.對原文主旨及要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況2.概括要點(diǎn)時應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性3.概要文章上下文的連貫性4.對各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文,要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要分析解讀概要寫作也是一種全新的題型。根據(jù)高考綜合改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)英語科考試說明,寫作的第二節(jié)是讀后續(xù)寫或概要寫作。兩種形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。近三次的考試中均沒有采用概要寫作,因此,今后出現(xiàn)概要寫作的機(jī)會將大大增加。概要寫作是綜合性的寫作考查。要求考生首先對原文章有準(zhǔn)確的理解,對原文的結(jié)構(gòu)和要點(diǎn)有準(zhǔn)確的把握,然后再用準(zhǔn)確、豐富的語言以及高級的語法結(jié)構(gòu),用合適的連詞寫出包含所有要點(diǎn)的短文。所以,考生要想做好本題,就必須注意以下幾點(diǎn):(1)準(zhǔn)確理解文章。(2)把握文章的各個要點(diǎn)。(3)使用準(zhǔn)確的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、豐富的詞匯和合適的連詞。(4)使用自己的語言表述,不要抄原文中的句子。【命題探究】(考試說明樣題)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好處)ofdirtwaslonglived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?命題解讀1.概要寫作的命題選材以說明文和議論文為主。考試說明所給的樣題即是一篇科普知識類的文章。2.文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,文字比較書面化,句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜。文章約300詞。難度較大,其難度高于閱讀理解的文章。文章第一段就點(diǎn)出主題,即人們對污物的態(tài)度并不一致。第二段講述在16世紀(jì)初的時候,人們認(rèn)為皮膚上的污垢對健康有好處,為此人們連澡都不洗。第三段講從18世紀(jì)開始,科學(xué)證明清除身體上的污垢對健康有好處。最后一段講一個免疫學(xué)家鼓勵孩子們在塵土中玩耍以增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)。文章共有4段,各段的主旨非常清楚。這樣的文章,概括出要點(diǎn)還是很容易的。考試說明所給的范文正是從這幾個方面進(jìn)行概括的。3.文章的段落一般不會有明確的主題句,需要考生去歸納。思路點(diǎn)撥1.讀懂原文是關(guān)鍵。在寫概要之前,一定要對文章認(rèn)真閱讀,確保理解文章的主旨、文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、各段的段意。在閱讀文章的時候,要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)核心詞和高頻詞。這些詞匯是概要寫作的基礎(chǔ)和核心。Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirsttimeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter(后者)positionisgainingsomeground.考試說明范文Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.(要點(diǎn)1)Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.(要點(diǎn)2)However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.(要點(diǎn)3)However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.(要點(diǎn)4)2.以自然段為概括的基礎(chǔ)。以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括會幫助我們不遺漏信息,也能幫助判斷主要信息。當(dāng)然,以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括并不是說一個自然段一定是一個要點(diǎn)。有時幾個自然段說明一個要點(diǎn)。有時也有一個自然段包含數(shù)個要點(diǎn)。3.細(xì)節(jié)信息不需要過于詳細(xì)。細(xì)節(jié)性的信息如列舉數(shù)字,舉例,過渡句等信息不必一一列出。4.核心詞不必替換。核心詞是文章的心臟,一般不宜換成其他詞。5.使用正確的時態(tài)。概要寫作的體裁一般是說明文和議論文,因此一般的概括都要用一般時或完成時,或?qū)頃r。慎用過去時。6.寫作時句式的多樣化。概要寫作書面化程度比較高,因此可以酌情選擇使用從句、非謂語等結(jié)構(gòu),但句子結(jié)構(gòu)不可過長,也不要使用太過復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。7.擴(kuò)充詞匯量。尤其要注意積累同根詞的不同形式。用不同詞性的同根詞替代原詞是概要寫作的重要手段。8.使用多種句式轉(zhuǎn)換。如:主動被動的互換,反向轉(zhuǎn)換(主語和賓語互換),從句和非謂語動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換等。【三年模擬】模擬題組Writing1(2018寧波十校一模)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Atypicalliontamer(馴獸師)inpeoplesmindisanentertainerholdingawhip(鞭子)andachair.Thewhipgetsalloftheattention,butitsmostlyforshow.Inreality,itsthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelionsface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbeesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion?Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachieve(e.g.loseweight,startabusiness,travelmore)—onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecantfocusorthatwerefocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.Itdoesnthavetobethatway.Anytimeyoufindtheworldwavingachairinyourface,rememberthis:Allyouneedtodoisfocusononething.Youjustneedtogetstarted.Startingbeforeyoufeelreadyisoneofthehabitsofsuccessfulpeople.Ifyouhavesomewhereyouwanttogo,somethingyouwanttoacplish,someoneyouwanttobee...takeimmediateaction.Ifyoureclearaboutwhereyouwanttogo,therestoftheworldwilleitherhelpyougetthereorgetoutoftheway.答案【寫作提示】1.本文是一篇議論文,如果有太多的目標(biāo),我們就會迷茫,反而不知所措。因此,正確的做法是集中注意力于我們真正的目標(biāo)。2.文章四段,每段一個要點(diǎn)。這是概要寫作的一般原則。3.文章第一段比較難懂。一定要認(rèn)真閱讀。【參考范文】Whatreallymattersinaliontamingisthechair,whichconfusesthelionbythefourlegs.(要點(diǎn)1)Sodopeopleinthefaceoftoomanyoptions.(要點(diǎn)2)Wearealwayspreventedfrommakingprogressbecausewecantmakesoundchoicesbeforetheconflictinginformation.(要點(diǎn)3)Soifyouwanttobesuccessful,focusononethingandgetstartedquickly.(要點(diǎn)4)Writing2(2018紹興考前適應(yīng)性聯(lián)考)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Chinasbikesharinghasexplodedfromnothingaboutayearagointoatransportphenomenoninmajorcities.JustbyscanningtheQRcode(二維碼)thatappearsbehindtheseat,onecanunlockasharedbicycle.Oncetheservicehasfinished,theuserblocksthebikeandthetotalischargedtohismobileaccount.Theprocesslastslessthan30secondsandcostsnomorethanonepenny.Bytheway,therearestillnofixedplacestofindorleaveabike,althoughareassuchasuniversitycampus,andmetroorbusstationarepreferred.Manyyoungpeoplebelievesharedbicycleshavemanyadvantages.Theyarenotexpensivetorent,theydonothavetobeprotectedfromthieves,andthereisnoneedtorepairthem.Youjusthavetochangethemforanotherone.Theyarealsoenvironmentfriendlyandlowertheuseofcars,whichalsohelpstorelievetraffic.Infact,itisconsideredanawesomebinationoftechnologyandtradition.Sincetheyappeared,sharedbicycleshaveraisedalotofdust.Thereisnodoubtaboutthebenefitsbutthedisadvantagescannotbeignored.Manyproblemsrelatedtosharedbicycleshaveemerged.Itisnotonlyduetobadbehaviorfromsomeuserswhoalwayswanttoseizethebicycles,butalsobecauseofthemessthathasbeencreatedsinceonecanleavethebicycleanywhere,whichisagainstpublicurbanordermanagement.Therearesomanypoorlyparkedbikesthatsometimestheyendupblockingstreets.InXiLuoyuan,Beijing,the“CivilizedUseofBicycles”campaignhasbeenlaunched.Inadditiontohaving40officiallypermittedstops,therearealsoclearsignalstoleaduserstothesestops.Ateamofsupervisorskeeporderinthearea.Thisisthefirstareathatispartofanofficialsystemtomanagebicycles.ThepurposeofthiscampaignistosolvethemessthatthepopularityofsharedbicyclesiscausinginBeijing,bothwiththeparticipationofpaniesandtheusers.IfthepilotplanworksoutwellinXiLuoyuan,itwillbeextendedtoallofthecitiesinChina.答案【寫作提示】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了共享自行車的優(yōu)劣,并提供了北京解決共享自行車的措施,希望能提供一些有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚。以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括要點(diǎn)。【參考范文】Chinassharedbicyclesaregainingpopularitywiththepublicasacheapandconvenienttransportoption.(要點(diǎn)1)Theadvantagesofitalsoincludeprovidingpeopleanenvironmentfriendlylifebyrelievingtrafficandreducingpollution.(要點(diǎn)2)However,thebadbehaviorofsomeusersandthemesstheycausealsoleadtosomeproblems.(要點(diǎn)3)Beijinghaslaunchedacampaigntoregulatebikeparking,whichwillhopefullysetagoodexampletotherestofChina.(要點(diǎn)4)Writing3(2018寧波選考聯(lián)盟12校考前模擬)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Advertisingplaysamajorroleinthepetitivebusinessworld.Manyindustriestakeadvantageofthepowerofadvertisingtoattractortowincustomersawayfromtheirbusinesspetitors.Theinfluenceofadvertisingissohugethatitcausesmanypeopletobuythingsthattheydontwantatthestart.Advertisingencouragespeopletobuythingstheydontwantthroughmisleadingideas.Advertisingisproventobeasuccessfultooltostressthefeaturesoftheirproducttothepubliceventhoughitsregardedundesirablesuchascigarettes,drugs,alcoholandsoon.Forexample,Dunhill,acigarettepanywhichsponsorsmanyfootballteams,seemstobepromotingcigarettestothepublic.Withoutthesponsorship,thepanywillbelessknowntothepublic,resultinginfewersalesofcigarettes.Besidesthat,advertisinghasalargeinfluenceonthedecisionsmadebythepeopleintheireverydaylife.Manybusinessesuseadvertisingasaformofpromotingtocreateawarenessabouttheirproductinthemarket.Forinstance,inafastfoodindustry,theintroductionofanewflavorofburgerneedsadvertisingtoreachthepublicwhiletheotherburgersrequireadvertisingtoincreasesales.Children,especially,areeasilyinfluencedbyadvertisementsandwillhavethedesiretodineatfastfoodrestaurantsafterthat.Althoughfastfoodisbadforhealth,ithassuccessfullybeeappealingtothepublicthroughadvertising.However,advertisingplaysapartinhelpingcustomerstopareaproductintermsofprice,quality,reliabilityandsoon.Withoutadvertising,itwillbeverydifficultforcustomerstojudgetheworthinessofaproduct.Forexample,advertisementspublishedbyvariouspanieshavegiventhecustomerstheopportunitytochoosewiselywhenpurchasinganitem.Withoutthepowerofadvertising,customerswillbestucktoabrandwhichmaynotofferthebestchoice.答案【寫作提示】本文論述了廣告在我們生活中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足。以段落概括要點(diǎn),注意抓住要點(diǎn),一些細(xì)節(jié)的舉例可以省略。【參考范文】Advertisingcontributesalottoapanyinthepetitivebusinessworld.(要點(diǎn)1)Itpersuadespeopleintobuyingthingstheydontreallyneedwiththemethodofoverstressingthefeaturesoftheirproducts.(要點(diǎn)2)Byraisingtheawarenessoftheproducts,ithasremarkableeffectsonpeoplesdecisions.(要點(diǎn)3)Nevertheless,itprovidespeoplewithnecessaryinformationabouttheproducts,allowingpeopletoparethemandmakeabetterchoice.(要點(diǎn)4)Writing4(2018臺州一模)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Thepowerofcolorhasbeenusedforcenturiesandweshouldbemakingthemostofitinourlivestoday.Itisusedincreasinglybypsychologistsandtherapists(治療師)forinfluencingmoodandstateofmind,andforvarioustypesofmedicaltreatmentswhenweareill.Somepeopleevenbelievethattheblindcanbenefitfromthe“vibrations(震動)”thatcolorgivesoff.paniesusecolortoencourageustobuytheirproducts.Forexample,purpleisseenascreativeandmixeswellwithred,toshowthatapanyhasideasandthepowertomakethemhappen.Orangeandbluearealsoremendedcolorsforpaniestouse,becauseorangeisthecolorofmunicationandbluesuggestssafetyandsecuritypanieshavefoundthatcertaincolors“speak”tospecificagegroups.Theyoftenuseredtoattractyoungerpeople,forexample,asitisvibrantandmoreyouthfulthancolorslikegoldandnavy,whicholdercustomersseemtoprefer.Wearingdifferentcolorscanaffecthowyoufeelandhowothersreacttoyou,soitisimportanttoconsiderthiswhendecidingwhattowearinthemorning.Ifyouwantpeopletotakeyouseriously,thenwearingnavyblueorblackisgood.Bluewouldalsobehelpfulforaninterviewororalexaminationbecauseitrelaxesyouandmakesyoufeelcalm.Redgetsyounoticedbyeveryoneandmakesyou,thewearer,feelenergetic,butbecarefulasitcanraiseyourpulserateandnoteveryonewantsthiseffect.Sothinkcarefullybeforeyouleavethehouseorvisitafriendwithagift.Thecolorsyouchooseareapowerfultool.Areyoumakingtherightimpressiononyourselfandonothers?答案【寫作提示】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了顏色在心理和身體上對我們的影響。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚。以段落概括要點(diǎn)即可。【參考范文】Colorsaffectusgreatlybothmentallyandphysically.(要點(diǎn)1)paniesemploycolorstopromotesales,bymakingthebestoftheimageitconveysandagegroupsitattracts.(要點(diǎn)2)Colorsofclothescanaffectfeelingsandothersreactiontous,sodecidingwhattowearmattersalotinmakingtherightimpression.(要點(diǎn)3)Writing5(2017浙江9+1聯(lián)盟高三期中)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。TAKINGashowerisrelaxing.Youcanhumasong,daydreamorthinkaboutnothing,leavingtherealworldbehindyou.Butdidyouknowthatshoweringcanalsobenefityourmind?ApieceofresearchbyScottBarryKaufman,apsychologistfromYaleUniversityintheUSinterviewedover3,000peoplearoundtheworld.Itturnedoutthatnearlytwothirdsoftheintervieweessaidtheyhadexperiencednewideasintheshowerandweremorelikelytohavethemintheshowerthanatwork.Sowhydoesasimpleshowerhavesuchmagicpower?Sciencecanexplainit.Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine(多巴胺),ahormone(荷爾蒙)closelyrelatedtoourcreativity.“Peoplevaryintermsoftheirlevelofcreativityaccordingtotheactivityofdopamine,”explainedAliceFlaherty,afamousAmericanneuroscientist(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家).“Takingawarmshowercanmakeusfeelrelaxedandthereforemakethedopaminelevelriseandbringthe‘Aha!’momenttous.”Besidesthechemicalchanges,showeringmaygiveyouabreakfromwhatyoufeelyouhavebeenstuckwith.Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthardalldayaboutaproblem,jumpingintotheshowercankeepyoufromtheoutsideworldsothatyoucanfocusonyourinnerfeelingsandmemories.Inthisway,accordingtoAmericanpsychologistShelleyH.Carson,authorofYourCreativeBrain,“ashoweringhourmayturnintoan‘incubation(孵化)period’foryourideas”.paredwithsittinginfrontofaputer,takingashowerissomethingwedolessfrequentlyinourdailylives.Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperiencewiththechangeoflocation,temperatureandhumidity.“Newandunexpectedexperiencescanleadtopositivechangesinthinking,”explainedKaufman.“Gettingoffthecouchandjumpingintheshowermaycreateadistanceandforceyoutothinkfromanewpointofview.”Showeringallowsustoenjoythecreativejuicesofourminds,whichmakesthebathroomanalternativewhereyougetyourinspiration.Sonexttimeyouconsiderwaystofreeyourmind,countitin.答案【寫作提示】這是一篇科普文章,文章認(rèn)為淋浴會增加一個人的創(chuàng)造力,并給出了很多調(diào)查的實(shí)證資料。文章信息比較多,有很多背景信息和分支補(bǔ)充信息,而且自然段落也比較多。因此閱讀時一定要仔細(xì),理出其中的關(guān)鍵信息。【參考范文】Showeringisofgreatbenefittoourmind.(要點(diǎn)1)Itisfoundthatrelaxationintheshowerhelpsraisethelevelofdopamineandbringnewideas.(要點(diǎn)2)Showeringcanalsoprovideanew,unexpectedandfreshexperiencethatcanmakeitpossibletostopthinkingaboutwhatwearestuckwith,resultinginpositivechangesinthinking.(要點(diǎn)3)Soifyouwanttohaveachangeandmakenewideas,goforashower.(要點(diǎn)4)Writing6(2017浙江杭州四校高三期中)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Throughouthistory,musicspreadamongpeopleofdifferentcultures.Intodaystechnologicaladvancedsociety,however,peoplespreadmusiconline,sometimeswithoutanartistspermission.Thiscanleadtomanyproblems,andmusicpaniesarenowdealingwiththispractice.Sharingmusiconlinewithoutpermissionistheft(盜竊).Sharingmusiconlinepreventsrecordingpaniesfrommakingmoneyfromtheirefforts.Theysaythatsharingmusiconlinehasresultedinahugedropinprofitsandsalesoverthepast10years.PeoplewhofindmusicforfreeonlinearenotpayingforCDsoreveryMP3downloaded.Totrulyunderstandtheinfluenceofmusicpiracy(盜版)oncreators,onemustunderstandhowmanypeopleareinvolvedintherecordingprocess.Forthesaleofeachalbum,profitsmustbesharedamongmusicians,soundengineers,musicproducers,managers,advertisers,andthepanysellingtheproduct.Manypeoplebelievesharingmusiconlyaffectstherecordingartist,buttherealityisthatsharinghurtsbusinessofallthepaniesinvolved.Therearemanypeoplewhodontseetheharminsharingmusiconlineandeventhinktheyhavetherighttodoit.OneonlinebloggerstatesthatheoriginallypaidforanentireCDandthatheshouldbeabletodowiththematerialwhateverhewants.Whilehemayhavelegallypaidforthemusic,hedoesnothavetherighttoprovidepermission,whichmeanspeoplelikethebloggerarethieves.Althoughwedontspreadtodaysmusicthesamewaywedidbefore,theresnodoubtthatpeoplearoundtheworldlovetosharemusic.However,internetpiracywouldpreventmusiciansfromcontinuingproducingalbumsforfearoftheft.Therefore,ifpeoplewanttocontinuelisteningtotheirfavoriteartists,theyneedtobuytheirmusicsothatartistswillmakeenoughprofittocontinuetheirmusiccareers.答案【寫作提示】這是一篇議論文。文章論述目前音樂版權(quán)問題的嚴(yán)重性,并指出不保護(hù)音樂版權(quán)的危害。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,寫作時可以根據(jù)自然段的段意概括要點(diǎn)。注意句子的多樣性和句子之間的連貫性。【參考范文】Intodayssociety,itisthefttosharemusiconline.(要點(diǎn)1)Ithurtsallrelevantpaniesandpeopleinvolvedintherecordingprocess.(要點(diǎn)2)However,manypeopletakenonoticeoftheharmandeventhinksharingmusiconlineistheirright,notknowingmostmusiciscopyrighted.(要點(diǎn)3)Ifwewantthemusicianstocontinueproducingalbumsforustoappreciate,weneedtoprotectmusicianscopyright.(要點(diǎn)4)Writing7(2017浙江金麗衢十二校第一次聯(lián)考)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Moststudentsexperiencealotofstresswhilepreparingforexams,asboththeirparentsandteachersexpectthemtogethighscores.Studentswhofeelanxiousarelikelytoexperienceproblemslikedifficultyinconcentratingwhilestudying,confusion,feelingstressedwhilelookingatdifficultquestions,feelingblank,sweating,sleepless,etc.Undersuchcircumstancestheyendupscoringlessthantheycouldhave.Therefore,itsextremelyimportantforstudentstolearnabouthowtooverefear,sothattheycantaketheirexaminationconfidently,finallyearninggoodgrades.Hereareafewtipsonwaystoovereexamfear.Therearemanystudentswhotakestudieslightly,leavingeverythingtobestudiedatthelastminute.Asaresult,whenexamsarearoundthecorner,theyfeelscared,astheydontknowwheretostart,andwhattostudy.Sotheeasiestwayofoveringthisproblemistostartstudyingmuchbeforetheexam.Anothermonmistakethatmanystudentsmakeisthattheydontmakeanefforttounderstandthesubject.Whentheyhavememorizedthingswithoutunderstandingthem,thechancesofforgettingaremore.Therefore,itisvitaltounderstandtheconceptbeforememorizingit.Inthisway,youwillneverforgetanyimportantpoint.Besides,thattheexamsareingdoesnotmeanthatyouhavetositwithyourbooksfortheentireday,andstudentsshouldtakeregularbreakstorelaxandrefreshtheirmind.However,theyshouldavoidwatchingtoomuchTVandaddictingthemselvestotheInternet,inwhichway,theyaremorelikelytowastetime.Apartfromthetipsabove,herearesomepointsthatwillhelpstudentscopewithexamrelatedanxiety.Forexample,beforetheexam,avoidstudyinganythingneworhavingconversationswithyourclassmatesaboutwhattheyhavestudiedandhowmuchtheyhavestudied,bothofwhichwillmakeyoumorenervous.Duringtheexam,ifyougetblankafterseeingdifficultquestions,ignorethemforthetimebeing,anddealwiththoseyoufindeasier.Onceyouhavepletedthem,gobacktothedifficultones.答案【寫作提示】本文指出了學(xué)生考前壓力產(chǎn)生的原因以及克服的辦法。文章包含的信息較多,概括時一定要理清重點(diǎn)信息,把握要點(diǎn),不要被分支信息分散了注意力。本文的要點(diǎn)信息較多,寫概要時要盡量包括進(jìn)去,不要漏掉信息。【參考范文】Moststudentswillexperiencestressduringexaminationperiods.(要點(diǎn)1)Toovereit,studentsshouldmakeagoodpreparationaheadoftime.(要點(diǎn)2)Besides,understandingwhatyouarelearninginsteadofjustmemorizingitmattersgreatly.(要點(diǎn)3)Learningtorelaxproperlybeforeexamsisofbenefit.(要點(diǎn)4)Itiswisenottolearnanythingnewortalkwithclassmatesaboutwhattheyhavestudiedorhowmuchtheyhavestudied.(要點(diǎn)5)Clevermethodsduringtheexams,suchaspletingeasyquestionsfirst,alsocountindealingwithanxieties.(要點(diǎn)6)Writing8(2017浙江名校聯(lián)盟10月月考)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Sofar106speciesoflemurs(狐猴)havebeenidentifiedandnearlyallofthemarejudgedtobeatriskofextinction,manyofthemcriticallyendangered.Thehabitatstheydependon—mostlyforest—onlyexistinMadagascar.“Justasfishcannotsurvivewithoutwater,lemurscannotsurvivewithoutforest.ButlessthantenpercentoftheoriginalMadagascarforestisleft,”saidProfessorJonahRatsimbazafy,directorofGERP,acenterforprimateresearchinMadagascar.“Ibelievethatwithinthenext25years,ifthespeedofthedeforestation(濫伐森林)remainedthesame,therewouldbenoforestleft.Andthatmeansnolemursleftonthisisland.”Thepressuretocleartheforestsesfromarapidlygrowingbutextremelypoorpopulationseekingtoopenupnewfarmland.Aformofslashandburnagricultureseestreescutdownandbushesburnttomakewayforfieldsofriceandothercrops.Theonlylongtermsolution,accordingtoProfessorRatsimbazafy,istoengagemunitiesandpersuadethemthattheforestsandthelemurshaveavaluethatisworthsafeguarding.Inoneprotectedarea,GERPishiringlocalpeopletowatchovertheforest,makingthepointthatthelemurscanbeworthmorealivethandead.Itisalsosupportingnewwaysoflivinginthelocalvillageincludingfishfarmingandbeekeeping,andteachingnewtechniquesforricegrowingthatdonotrequireconstantexpansionintotheforest.Butthereisanadditionalthreattothelemurs—acontinuingdemandforbushmeat(野味).Althoughitisillegaltokilllemurs,poachers(偷獵者)arestillsettingtrapsfortheanimalsorshootingthem,eitherfortheirownconsumptionortosellthemtoothers.答案【寫作提示】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了狐猴面臨滅絕的嚴(yán)峻形勢,并指出了解決這個問題的方式。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,信息量比較大,有很多分支信息和背景信息。要認(rèn)真閱讀,斟酌比較要點(diǎn)信息。【參考范文】LemursfaceextinctionastheirhabitatsinMadagascararedisappearing.(要點(diǎn)1)Thisisbecauseofpeoplesdeforestationtocultivatenewfarmland.(要點(diǎn)2)Theonlylongtermsolutionistogetlocalpeopleinvolvedinprotectingtheforestandlemursanddevelopingnewwaysoflivingwithoutdamagingtheforest.(要點(diǎn)3)However,theillegalhuntingoflemursisstillaproblemtobesolved.(要點(diǎn)4)Writing9(2017浙江杭州11月月考)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Hugging(擁抱)isanextremelypositiveformofmunication.Itexpressesthevaluesoflove,approval(認(rèn)可),gratitude(感激)andforgiveness.Researchshowsthathugshavemorepositiveeffectsonchildrenandadultsthanjustsomeencouragingwordsandasmilingface.Givingourchildahugonvariousoccasionscanmakeaworldofdifferenceinouryounglearnerslives.Onthefirstdayofschool,givingahugbinedwithafewcalmingbreathsjustmighthelpyourlittlelearnerovere“TheFirstDayFears”.Bythewaygivinghugsforthefirstfullweekwouldnthurteither.Hugsarerelativelyinexpensiveandapparentlyveryhealthy.Itsthedayoftheclassplayandyourkidisnotsoconfidentaboutsayingafewwordsasawildturkeyinfrontofanaudience.Givingahugbinedwithafewencouragingwordsjustmighthelpthemfeelmoreconfident.Usually,bedtimeisthemostfrighteningtimeofthedayformostkids,whofeelverystressedandmaystayup.Givingatighthugbinedwithreadingtheirfavoritestoryorsingingtheirfavoritesongmayhelpthemhaveagoodsleep.Besides,accordingtoIntelligenceQuotient(智商)DevelopmentinChildrenoneHow,“Acaringyetinspiringenvironmentisalwayshelpfulinpromotingachildslanguageskills.Makesureyourchildgetsplentyofhugsandkissesandhearspositiveandencouragingwordsfromyou.”Sometimeswegetcaughtupinteaching,parenting,providing,andprotectingourchildren,soweforgettohugthem.IftheresonethingyourchildorstudentmayneedfromyoutohelpadapttheirbehaviororimprovetheirIQ,itmayjustbesomethingassimpleasahug.Apositivehugcouldchangethecourseofthedayforyoubothwhenyouleastexpectit.