上海市行知中學(xué)2023學(xué)年第二學(xué)期第二次月考高一年級英語試卷Ⅱ.GrammarandSectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagetheblanksthecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.theblanksagivenword,eachblanktheproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbesteachblank.BoyanSlat,aDutchinventorcleaningthemostpollutedanefforttheoceans.Hehashismission___1___(remove)plasticfromtheoceans.organization,TheOceanCleanup,hassuccessfullystartedcleanthepollutionthathasbeencirclingtheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.Butmillionsmoretonsofplasticentertheoceanseveryalmostallof___2___(flow)fromrivers.Just10areresponsibleforaround90%ofallthatplastic,___3___a2017studyfromtheHelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch.___4___wefocusontheworstrivers,webelievewecanreallyhavethefastestandcost-effectivewayclosethetapandpreventplasticfromreachingtheoceansthefirstplace,”said.TheOceanCleanupusingfloatingtrashcollectorscalled“Interceptors”.Thesesolar-powered,autonomoussystemsusetherivers’currentsguidethetrashontoaconveyorbeltthatcarrythewaste___5___(await)bins.ThefirstinterceptorwentworkJakarta,Indonesia,pullplasticfromawaterwaycalledtheCengkarengdrain.AsecondinterceptorbegancollectingtrashflowingdowntheKlangriverKualaMalaysia.Ontheothersideoftheworld,___6___InterceptorhasrecentlystartedremovingpollutionnearthemouthofthetheDominicanRepublic.“___7___theriverpolluted,thefishdie.yeartherearelessfish,”LuisPeguero,alocalfisherman,explained.WhenPegueroluckyenoughreel(收線拉起)acatch,___8___notbesafeforhisfamilyeat.findthefish,especiallythecatfish.bottlelids,evenashoe.Thefishsurvivethis,”saidPeguero.him,themoderntrash-collectingcatamaran(雙體船)apeculiarbutwelcomesight.TheOceanCleanupworkingthelocalgovernmentsandcommunitieshelpretrieve(取回)theplastictheInterceptorscollect.“Bystoppingplasticrivers,wehopenotonlyaddressthebigglobalplasticpollutionissue,butalsoreallyhelpbetterforthepeople___9___liveneartheseproblematicrivers,”said第1共頁Slat.TheOceangoaltacklethethousandmostpollutedriverswithin5years.Sooninterceptors____10____(head)Thailand,JamaicaandLosAngelesCountytheUnitedStates.aregettingouttonsofplasticeverysaid.acceptthatwedeliveroneButwe’redoingthis,stepbystep.”SectionBDirections:Filleachblankaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereonewordmorethanneed.A.conclusiveG.advocatingindiscriminateaweD.favourableuninhabitableaddressH.agendaI.attainJ.conventionalK.oddsTheworldhasmorethanonedegreeCelsiussincetheIndustrialRevolution.Theclimateagreementhopedrestrictwarmingdegrees.Theofsucceeding,accordingarecentstudybasedoncurrentemissionstrends,areone20.Ifbymiracleweareablewarmingdegrees,weonlyhavenegotiatetheextinctionofthetropicalreefs,____12____thesea-levelriseofseveralmetersandabandonthePersianGulf.TheclimatescientistJamesHansenhascalledtwo-degreewarming“l(fā)ong-termdisaster”,whichnowthebest-casescenario.Four-degreewarming“short-termdisaster”:Europepermanentdrought;areasofChina,IndiaandBangladeshclaimedbydesert;theAmericanSouthwest____13____.Inthedecadethatranfrom19791989,wehadanexcellentopportunitytheclimatecrisis.Thepowerswithinseveralsignaturesof____14____aglobalframeworkreducecarbonemissions—farcloserthansince.Duringthoseyears,theconditionsforsuccesscouldnothavebeenmore____15____.TheobstaclesweforourcurrentinactionhadAlmostnothingstoodourway—nothingexceptourselves.Nearlyeverythingweunderstandnowaboutglobalwarmingwasunderstood1979.beingshavealteredatmospherethroughthe____16____burningoffossilfuels.Atthestartofthe1980s,scientistswithinthefederalgovernmentpredictedthat____17____evidenceofwarmingwouldappearontheglobaltemperaturerecordbytheendofthedecade,atwhichpointwouldbetoolateavoidAreportpreparedbytheNationalAcademyofSciencesadvisedthatcarbon-dioxideissueshouldappearontheinternational____18____acontextthatmaximizecooperationandminimizepoliticalcontroversyand第2共頁division.”theworldhadadoptedtheproposalwidelysupportedattheendofthe‘80s,warmingcouldhavebeenheldlessthan1.5degrees.ButtheyfailedeventhoughtheleadingoceanographerHenryStommelandtheHarvardplanetary,physicistRichardwhosepresencecouldinspire____19____,triedwarnhumanityofwhatwasTheytheircareersapainfulcampaigntheproblem,firstscientificreports,laterthrough_____20_____avenuesofpoliticalpersuasionandfinallyastrategyofpublicshaming.Theirwerepassionateandtheyfailed.Nowourturn.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForblankinthefollowingpassagetherefourwordsorphrasesmarkedB,Candinblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.WhatPacificGarbagePatch?TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch(GPGP)theofthefiveplasticaccumulationzonestheoceans.ItlocatedhalfwaybetweenHawaiiandCalifornia.PLASTIC_____21_____Itestimatedthat1.152.41milliontonnesofplasticareenteringtheoceaneachyearfromrivers.thanhalfofthisplasticless_____22_____thanthemeaningthatnotsinkonceencountersthesea.Thestrongandfloatingplasticsshowresiliency(韌性)themarineenvironment,allowingthembetransportedover_____23_____distances.Theypersistattheseasurfaceastheytheirwayshore,transportedby(匯聚的)currentsandfinallyaccumulatingthepatch.Oncetheseplasticsenterthegyre（環(huán)流）,theyareunlikelyleavetheareauntilthey_____24_____intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.Asandplasticsarediscardedintotheenvironment,microplastic_____25_____theGPGPonlycontinueincrease.Dueseasonalandinterannualvariabilitiesofwindsandcurrents,thelocationandshapeareconstantlyOnlyfloatingobjectsthatare_____26_____influencedbycurrentswerelikelyremainwithinthepatch.simulatingconcentrationtheNorthPacific,theresearcherswereablefollowthelocationof第3共頁thepatchandfoundonaverageorbitsaround32°Nandtheteamobservedseasonal_____27_____fromwesteastandsubstantialvariationslatitude（緯度）dependingontheONPlastichasincreasinglybecomeacommonsubstancetheocean.Duesizeandanimals_____28_____theplasticforfood,causingmalnutrition;posesentanglement（纏繞）risksandthreatenstheiroverallhealth,andexistence.Studieshaveshownthatabout700specieshaveencounteredmarinedebris,and92%ofthese_____29_____areplastic.17%ofthespeciesaffectedbyplasticareontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedofThreatenedSpecies.ONHUMANSANDSOCIETYOnceplasticentersthemarinefoodweb,thereapossibilitythatcontaminatethehumanfoodchainaswell.Throughaprocesscalledbioaccumulation,chemicalsplasticsenterthebodyoftheanimal_____30_____ontheplastic,andasthefeederbecomesthechemicalspassthe_____31_____—makingtheirwayupthefoodwebthatincludeshumans.Thesechemicalsthattheplasticfeederscouldthenbe_____32_____withinthehumanaswell._____33_____,yearlyeconomiccostsduemarineplasticareestimatedbebetween$6-19billionThecosts_____34_____impactontourism,fisheriesandaquaculture,andgovernmentalcleanups.Thesecostsdonotincludetheimpactonhumanhealthandthemarineecosystemdue_____35_____researchavailable.21.A.tinyD.PROMOTIOND.dense22.A.thick23.A.adjusted24.A.upgradeoverdonedegradeestimationrarelydepositedassembleconcentrationpreviouslyboostD.extendedD.disassembleD.locationD.slightly25.A.transportation26.A.predominantly27.A.similarity28.A.exchange29.A.implications30.A.restingshiftD.substituteinteractionsfeedingpreyleaveD.confuseD.influencesD.waitinginterferencesrisking31.A.marinertrackerD.predator第4共頁32.A.present33.A.Likewise34.A.result35.A.insufficientSectionBabsentcurrentD.reliableHoweverremovefromadequateMoreoverstemfrominsignificantD.ThereforeD.bringaboutD.substantialDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForofthemfourchoicesmarkedB,andChoosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveWhenarelittle,nothardbelievecanchangetheworld.Irememberenthusiasmwhen,attheof12,IaddressedthepeopleattheEarthSummit.“Iamonlyachild”ItoldIknowthatallthemoneyspentonwarwasspentonendingpovertyandfindingenvironmentalanswers,whatawonderfulplacethisworldwouldbe.Atschoolteachusnotothers,workthingsout,respectothers,cleanupourmess,nothurtothercreatures,share,notbeThen,whydooutanddothethingtellusnotdo?grown-upssayus,butIchallengeyou,please,ouractionsreflectyourwords.”Ispokeforsixminutesandreceivedastandingovation.Someofthedelegatesevencried.Ithoughtthatmaybehadreachedofthatspeechactuallyspur(激勵)action.tenyearsfromRio,aftersatthroughmanymoreconferences,I’mnotsurewhathasbeenaccomplished.confidencethepeoplepowerandthepowerofanvoicereachthemhasbeendeeplyshaken.WhenIwaslittle,theworldwassimple.Butasayoungadult,I’mlearningthataswehavechoices-education,lifestyle-moreandmorecomplicated.arebeginningfeelpressureproduceandbesuccessful.aretaughtthateconomicgrowthprogress,butwetaughthowpursueahealthyonsustainablewayofliving.Andweareleaningthatwhatwewantedforthefuturewhenwewere12wasidealisticandinnocent.I’mnolongerachild,butI’mworriedaboutwhatofenvironmentchildrenupin.Iknowchangepossible,becauseIamchanging,figuringoutwhatthink.Iamdecidinghowlivemylife.Thechallengesaregreat,butweacceptindividualresponsibilityandsustainablechoices,werisethechallenges,andwebecomepartofthepositivetideofchange.第5共頁36.Thepurposeofwhatthespeakersaidattheof12was________.A.endpovertyandschoolbeautifulendpovertyandtheproblemsaboutenvironmentfindawonderfulplaceandcleanupD.findenvironmentalanswersandkeepthewordsthattheyalwaystoldthemselves37.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ovation”thesecondparagraphrefer________.A.alongperiodoflaughingawarmwelcomealongperiodofclappingandapplausesD.anexpressionusedforgreeting38.Whichofthefollowingtrueaccordingthepassage?A.thewriterthinkswhathethoughtattheof12mature.thewriter’schildrencertainlyliveanidealenvironment.thewriter’sconfidencethepeoplepowerhasdeeplyshakentheirvoice.D.thewriter’sbeliefdoesnotchangewhenheup.(B)SubmittingHomeworkOnlineInorderuploadanassignmentthesystemmusttheassignmentusingoneofthefollowingapplications:MicrosoftCorelorMicrosoftExcel.Aftercompleteanassignment,importantyourThisensuresthatassignmentbeinguploadedthesystemthemostupdatedversion.wordprocessingprogrammayattempttheassignmentadefaultfolderonyourrecommendcreatinganewnamedafteryourcourse,alocationthateasysuchasDocuments.”FileRequirementsSelectafortheassignmentthateasyThemustNOTcontainspaces.Anyspacesusedthepreventthefromuploadingthesystem.Filenamesusingtheextensions.rtf,.zip,.jpg,or.exeareNOTallowed.Reviewthefollowingexamplesbesurethatusetheproperformat:Exampleofanacceptablename:lesson1.docExampleofanunacceptablename:lesson1.docAssignmentUpload第6共頁Makesuretheassignmentusingoneoftheapplicationspreviouslyidentifiedandensurethatmeetstherequirementsdescribedabove.Whenthereadyupload,followthesesteps:1.Logintothesystem.2.EnteryouraddressinformationandclicktheCONTINUEbutton.beroutedthe“Directions”screen.3ReviewthedirectionsandclicktheCONTINUEbutton.beroutedthe“SpecialAssignmentUpload”screen.4.Clickthebutton.The“ChooseFile”pop-upwindowappears.5.Navigatethelocationonyourcomputerwheresavedyourassignment,andselectthefile.6.Afterhaveselectedthefile,clicktheUPLOADbuttonuploadyourassignmentthesystem.39.Whichacceptableforsubmittinghomework?A.researchresearchD.40.WhichofthefollowingNOTmentionedthepassage?A.Applications.Thename.Uploadingsteps.D.Codenumbers.41.Thedirectionssuggestsavinganassignmentaspecificfolderorderhelpthestudent_____.A.navigatethesystemrememberthelocationofthedocumentD.rememberthedocumentquicklychoosetheappropriateapplicationThequestionofwhetherourgovernmentshouldpromotescienceandtechnologyortheliberalartshighereducationaneither/orproposition(命題),althoughthecurrentemphasisonpreparingyoungAmericansforSTEM(science,engineering,maths)-relatedfieldscanseemthatThelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgethecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsothatthestudyofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesmustremaincentralcomponentsofeducationalsystematalllevels.Botharecriticalproducingcitizenswhocanparticipateourdemocraticbecomeinnovativeleaders,andbenefitfromthespiritualenrichmentthatthereflectiononthegreatideasofmankindoverprovides.Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyhighereducationworryaboutgraduates’jobprospectsas第7共頁technologicaladvancesandchangesdomesticandglobalmarketstransformprofessionsthatreducewagesandcutjobs.Underthesecircumstances,nationallookforwhatmayappearbethemost“practical”wayoutoftheproblem.“Majorasubjectdesignedajob”seemstheobviousanswersome,thoughthisignoresthefactthatmanydisciplinesthehumanitiescharacterizedas“soft”often,fact,leademploymentandsuccessthelongrun.Indeed,accordingsurveys,employershaveexpressedapreferenceforstudentswhohavereceivedabroadly-basededucationthathastaughtthemwell,thinkresearchandcommunicatestudentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjob,butfortheir4thand5thjobs,aslittlereasondoubtthatpeopleenteringtheworkforcetodaybecalleduponplaydifferentrolesoverthecourseoftheircareers.Theoneswhodothebestthisnewenvironmentbethosewhoseeducationshavepreparedthembeflexible.Theabilitydrawuponeveryavailabletoolandinsight-pickedupfromscience,arts,andtechnology-theproblemsofthefuture,andadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatpresentthemselves,behelpfulthemandtheUnitedStates.42.Whatdoesthelatestcongressionalreportsuggest?A.STEM-relatedsubjectshelpstudentsfindjobstheinformationHighereducationshouldbeadjustedthepracticalneedsofTheliberalartshighereducationhelpenrichstudents’spirituallife.D.ThehumanitiesandSTEMsubjectsshouldbegivenequalimportance.43.Whatthemainconcernofstudentswhentheychooseamajor?A.Theirchancesofgettingagoodjob.Theacademicvalueofthecourses.Thequalityofeducationreceive.D.Theirinterestrelevantsubjects.44.Whatkindofjobapplicantsdoemployerslookfor?A.ThosewhohaveastrongsenseofThosewhoaregoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.Thosewhohavereceivedawell-roundededucation.D.Thosewhoarelikelybecomeinnovativeleaders.45.Whatadvicedoestheauthorcollegestudents?第8共頁A.Seizeopportunitiestaptheirpotential.avarietyofpracticalcourses.CPreparethemselvesfordifferentjoboptions.D.Chooseaflexiblejob.Ⅳ.Directions:thefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.46.這位藝術(shù)家的多數(shù)作品都體現(xiàn)了對穩(wěn)定、和諧生活的向往。(stable)____________________________________________________________________________________47.宴會主持人向在場的貴賓致以了最熱烈的歡迎。(extend)____________________________________________________________________________________48.要保持健康，最重要的是要有均衡的膳食、良好的睡眠以及要規(guī)律地適度運(yùn)動。(matter)____________________________________________________________________________________49.盡管養(yǎng)成新習(xí)慣耗時費(fèi)力，但只要你心懷斗志，堅(jiān)持不懈，終會達(dá)成所愿。(Despite)____________________________________________________________________________________Ⅴ.Guided50.Directions:anEnglishcomposition120-150wordsaccordingtheinstructionsgivenbelowChinese.在現(xiàn)代社會，越來越多的人開始重視健康的生活方式，追求身心健康和幸福。然而，要想真正實(shí)現(xiàn)健康的生活方式并非易事，需要抵抗誘惑，克服困難。請結(jié)合個人實(shí)際情況談?wù)劊?.你目前有哪些不良的生活習(xí)慣；2.今后將如何改進(jìn)。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第9共頁上海市行知中學(xué)2023學(xué)年第二學(xué)期第二次月考高一年級英語試卷本試卷滿分100分，考試時間90分鐘)【答案】1.remove2.flowing3.according4.5.awaiting6.another8.might##may9.that##who10.head【解析】7.Because以拯救海洋。【1題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他把清除海洋中的塑料制品作為自己的使命。名詞mission后接不定式擔(dān)當(dāng)后置定語，構(gòu)成搭配：missiondosth.做某事是某人的使命。故填remove。【2題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但每年有數(shù)百萬噸以上的塑料進(jìn)入海洋，幾乎所有塑料都來自河流。本句為獨(dú)立主格形式，動詞flow和邏輯主語“allofit”之間為主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填flowing。【3題詳解】201790%的塑料是由10條according根據(jù)、依據(jù)。故填accordingto。【4題詳解】引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。故填。【5題詳解】待的垃圾箱。非謂語動詞擔(dān)當(dāng)前置定語，表示被修飾詞bins的用途，所以用動名詞。故填awaiting。【6題詳解】interceptorthefirstinterceptorasecondinterceptoranother。故填another。【7題詳解】考查原因狀語從句。句意：“因?yàn)楹铀晃廴荆~都死了。魚一年比一年少，”當(dāng)?shù)貪O民路易斯·佩蓋羅(LuisPeguero)解釋說。空后為主句的原因，因此用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故填Because。【8題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：哪怕Peguero足夠幸運(yùn)的釣到魚，他的家人們吃魚也可能不安全。根據(jù)上文可知，這里的河水被污染了，所以對于他的家人而言，吃魚可能不安全，所以用情態(tài)動詞may/might。故填may或might。【9題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：斯拉特說：“通過停止往河流中排放塑料，我們不僅希望解決全球塑料污染的大問題，還希望真正幫助改善生活在這些問題河流附近的人們的生活。”此處是限定性定語從句，先行詞為people，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語，用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)。故填who或that。【10題詳解】soon態(tài)為一般將來時。故填head。【答案】K12.F13.E14.G16.B18.H20.J15.D17.A19.C【解析】地球溫度已經(jīng)上升了一度多，巴黎氣候協(xié)定旨在將升溫限制在兩度以內(nèi)，但成功的幾率很低。文章列舉了19791989第共頁框架，但最終未能成功。【題詳解】hopedrestrictwarmingdegrees”和下文“one”可推知，文中說的是成功的可能性，用名詞odds語，意為“可能性，機(jī)會”，符合句意。故選K【12題詳解】2negotiate”和“abandon如果能將升溫限制在2度以內(nèi)，我們需要應(yīng)對的問題。用動詞address與其它兩個動詞構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，表示“解決海平面上升幾米的問題”是我們需要應(yīng)對的問題之一，符合句意。故選F【13題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：4度的變暖將意味著“短期災(zāi)難”：歐洲陷入永久干旱；中國、印度和孟加拉國的大片地區(qū)都是沙漠；美國西南部基本上不適合居住。上文列舉了氣溫上升4度可能導(dǎo)致的嚴(yán)重災(zāi)難，句中用uninhabitable表示表示發(fā)生在美國的災(zāi)難性情況：不適宜居住的，符合句意。故選E【14題詳解】——這是我們迄今為止最接近的共識。根據(jù)下文“aglobalframeworkreducecarbonemissions”可推知，這是世界主要大國倡導(dǎo)的全球框架，用動詞advocate的動名詞形式作賓語，符合句意。故選G【15題詳解】Themajorpowerswithinseveralsignaturesof4aglobalframeworkreducecarbonemissions—farcloserthanwe’vesince.1979到1989favourableD【16題詳解】beingshavealteredatmosphereindiscriminate作定語，符合句意。故選B【17題詳解】2080年代初，聯(lián)邦政府內(nèi)部的科學(xué)家預(yù)測，到2080atwhichpointwouldbetoolateavoiddisaster2080年代末災(zāi)難就難以避免，說明“結(jié)論性的”的證據(jù)出現(xiàn)了，無法改變，用形容詞conclusive作定語，符合句意。故選A【18題詳解】考查名詞。句意：美國國家科學(xué)院準(zhǔn)備的一份報告建議，“二氧化碳問題應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在國際議程的背景下，使合作最大化，政治爭議和分歧最小化。”。根據(jù)下文“maximizecooperationandminimizepoliticalcontroversyanddivisionagenda日程”，符合句意。故選H【19題詳解】考查名詞。句意：盡管世界著名的海洋學(xué)家亨利·斯托梅爾和哈佛大學(xué)行星物理學(xué)家理查德·古迪試圖警告人類即將發(fā)生的事情，他們的加入讓人敬畏，但他們還是失敗了。根據(jù)上文“theleadingoceanographerHenryStommelandtheHarvardplanetaryphysicistRichardGoody警告會讓人們產(chǎn)生“敬畏”，用名詞awe作賓語，符合句意。故選C【20題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：為了解決這個問題，他們冒著自己職業(yè)生涯的風(fēng)險，進(jìn)行了一場痛苦的運(yùn)動，先是在科學(xué)報告中，后來通過傳統(tǒng)的政治說服途徑，最后采取了公開羞辱的策略。結(jié)合常識和下文“politicalpersuasionconventional作定語，符合句意。故選J【答案】21A22.D33.C23.D34.C24.B35.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.B30.B31.D32.A【解析】(GPGP)。講述了它的位置、形成的過程以及帶來的消極影響。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：塑料積累。A.聚集；漂流；漂浮；D.PROMOTION推銷。根據(jù)下文的“Theypersistattheseasurfaceastheytheirwayshore,transportedby(匯聚的)currentsandfinallyaccumulatingthepatch.”（當(dāng)它們離開海岸的時候，的洋流輸送，聚集在海域上。故選A。【22題詳解】沉。A.light輕的；thick厚的；tiny狹小的；D.densemeaningthatnotsinkonceencountersthesea.不會下沉。故選D。【23題詳解】地方。A.adjusted調(diào)整；overdone過多；deposited放置；D.extendedThestrongandfloatingplasticsshowresiliency(韌性)themarineenvironment.環(huán)境中表現(xiàn)出韌性）可知，這些塑料由于其韌性，能夠漂浮至很遠(yuǎn)的地方。故選D。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一旦這些塑料進(jìn)入環(huán)流，它們就不太可能離開這個區(qū)域，直到它們在陽光、海浪和海洋生物的作用下降解成更小的微塑料。A.upgrade升級；degrade降解；assemble集合；D.disassemble分散。根據(jù)后文的“intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.知，這些塑料會在陽光、海浪和海洋生物的作用下降解成更小的微塑料。故選。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著越來越多的塑料被丟棄到環(huán)境中，GPGP中的微塑料濃度只會繼續(xù)增加。A.transportation交通；estimation估計(jì)；concentration濃度；D.locationAsmoreandmoreplasticsarediscardedintotheenvironment.塑料被扔到海洋中，塑料在海洋中的濃度會不斷增加。故選。【26題詳解】A.predominantly主要地；rarely稀少地；previously之前地；D.slightly稍微地。根據(jù)前文的“Oncetheseplasticsenterthe（環(huán)流）,theyareunlikelyleavetheareauntilthey_____5_____intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.們降解成更小的微塑料。因此這些主要被洋流影響的塑料垃圾一直仍然在這個區(qū)域中，故選A。【27題詳解】A.similarity相似性；shift轉(zhuǎn)變；boost增加；D.figureDueseasonalandinterannualvariabilitiesofwindsandcurrents.”可知，由于風(fēng)和洋流的季節(jié)性和年際變化，所以研究小組觀察到了季節(jié)性的變化。故選。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：由于塑料的大小和顏色，動物把塑料錯當(dāng)作食物，導(dǎo)致營養(yǎng)不良；這會帶來糾纏的風(fēng)險，并威脅到他們的整體行為、健康和存在。A.exchange交換；substitute代替；leave離開；D.confuse弄錯。根據(jù)后文的“causingmalnutrition;posesentanglement（纏繞）andthreatenstheiroverallhealth,andexistence.”可知，一些動物會把塑料錯認(rèn)為食物，誤食它們最終導(dǎo)致營養(yǎng)不良等風(fēng)險。故選D。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：研究表明，約700種物種遇到過海洋垃圾，其中92%的互動是與塑料產(chǎn)生的。A.implications牽連；interactions互動；相互影響；interferences干擾；D.influences影響。根據(jù)前文的“about700specieshaveencounteredmarinedebris”可知，92%。【30題詳解】遞給捕食者——在包括人類在內(nèi)的食物網(wǎng)中一路上升。A.resting休息；feeding喂養(yǎng)；risking冒險；D.waitingandasthefeederbecomesthechemicalspassthe”可知，空前應(yīng)與and后的內(nèi)容相并列。當(dāng)食用者成為獵物的時候，化學(xué)物質(zhì)會傳遞給捕食者。之前的過程應(yīng)該是塑料中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)會進(jìn)入以塑料為食的動物的身體。故選。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.mariner水手；prey獵物；tracker跟蹤者；D.predator捕食者。根據(jù)前文“asthefeederbecomesprey”可知，化學(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)入以塑料為食的動物的身體中，捕食者在獵捕它們。化學(xué)物質(zhì)就會進(jìn)入到捕食者的身體中。故選D。【32題詳解】A.presentabsentcurrentD.reliable的“thechemicalspassthemakingtheirwayupthefoodwebthatincludeshumans.”可化學(xué)物質(zhì)也會存在于人類身體中。故選A。【33題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，海洋塑料每年造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失估計(jì)在60-190億美元之間。A.Likewise同樣地；However然而；Moreover此外；D.Thereforeyearlyeconomiccostsduemarineplasticareestimatedbebetween$6-19billionUSD.”并結(jié)合上文講述塑料對人類的影響可知，此處是補(bǔ)充闡述海洋塑料帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)危害，與前文構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選。【34題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：其成本來自其對旅游業(yè)、漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)以及政府清理的影響。A.result導(dǎo)致；removefrom移除；stemfrom源自于；D.bringabout產(chǎn)生。根據(jù)后文的“impactontourism,fisheriesandaquaculture,andgovernmentalcleanups.”可知，海洋垃圾的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失來自于其對旅游業(yè)、漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)以及政府清理方面造成的影響。故選。【35題詳解】A.insufficientadequateinsignificantD.substantial“theimpactonhumanhealthandthemarineecosystem”可知，由于研究的不充足，海洋垃圾對人類健康和海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成的影響還無法計(jì)算，因此不能包括其中。故選A。【答案】36.B37.C38.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，講述作者12歲時在里約地球峰會上發(fā)言，希望大人們能做到在學(xué)校教育孩熱烈贊揚(yáng)。十年后作者初衷未改變，從我做起一起改變這個世界。【36題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Iremembermyenthusiasmwhenattheof12,IaddressedthepeopleattheEarthSummit.‘Iamonlyachild,’ItoldIknowthatallthemoneyspentonwarwasspentonendingpovertyandfindingenvironmentalanswers,whatawonderfulplacethisworldwouldbe.’(我還記得我12歲時在里約熱內(nèi)盧地球峰會上向人們講話時的那種熱情。‘我只是個孩子。’我告訴他們。‘但我知道，如果花)12歲時所演講的目的是結(jié)束貧困和解決環(huán)境問題。故選。【37題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前半句“Ispokeforsixminutes(我講了六分鐘)”和后句“Someofthedelegatesevencried.(一些代表甚至哭了)立鼓掌。所以ovation為“鼓掌”之意。故選C。【38題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Iknowchangepossible,becauseIamchanging,figuringoutwhatIthink.Iamdecidinghowlivelife.(定如何生活)”可知，縱使會有再多改變作者仍堅(jiān)守自己的信念。故選D。【答案】39.C40.D41.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹網(wǎng)上提交作業(yè)的相關(guān)要求。【39題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)FileNameRequirements部分中“TheNOTcontainspaces.Anyspacesusedthepreventthefromuploadingthesystem.Filenamesusingtheextensions.rtf,.html,.zip,.jpg,or.exeareNOTallowed.(文件名不能包含空格。文件名中使用的任何空格都將阻止文件上傳到系統(tǒng)。不允許使用.rtf.html.zip.jpg.exe擴(kuò)展名的文件名)”可推知，只有文件名符合要求，文件名中沒有逗號，也沒有使用禁用擴(kuò)展名。故選C【40題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“theassignmentusingoneofthefollowingapplications:(你必須使用以下其中一個應(yīng)用程序保存作業(yè)”、NameRequirements部分中“Selectafortheassignmentthateasyremember.(為作業(yè)選擇一個容易記住的文件名)”和AssignmentUploadProcedure部分中“Whenthereadyupload,followthesesteps:(:)”可知，D項(xiàng)Codenumbers未提及。故選D【41題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“wordprocessingprogrammayattempttheassignmentadefaultfolderonyourrecommendcreatinganewnamedafteryourcourse,alocationthateasysuchasDocuments.’(您的文字處理程序可能會嘗試將作業(yè)保存到計(jì)算機(jī)上的默認(rèn)文件夾)知，使用指南建議將作業(yè)保存到特定的文件夾中，是為了幫助學(xué)生記住文檔的位置。故選B【答案】42.D43.A44.C45.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。最新的國會報告建議人文學(xué)科和科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程學(xué)科應(yīng)該同等重要，指出這兩個領(lǐng)域都是培養(yǎng)公民的關(guān)鍵。作者也表達(dá)了自己對于選擇人文還是科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程學(xué)科的看法。【42題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgethecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsothatthestudyofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesremaincentralcomponentsofeducationalsystematalllevels.()STEM學(xué)科應(yīng)該被同等重視。故選D。【43題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Majorasubjectdesignedajob”seemstheobviousanswersome(對)關(guān)心的是找到一份好工作的機(jī)會。故選A。【44題詳解】employershaveexpressedapreferenceforstudentswhohavereceivedabroadly-basededucationthathastaughtthemwell,thinkresearchandcommunicateeasily(雇主們表示，他們更青睞那些受過廣泛教育的學(xué)生，這些教育教會了他們良好的寫作能力、批判性思維能力、創(chuàng)造性研究能力和輕松溝通能力)”可知，雇主尋找接受過全面教育的人，故選。【45題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“studentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjob,butfortheir4thand5thjobs,aslittlereasondoubtthatpeopleenteringtheworkforcetodaybecalleduponplaymanydifferentrolesoverthecourseoftheircareers.(們的第四份和第五份工作做好準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)閹缀鯖]有理由懷疑，今天進(jìn)入勞動力市場的人將在他們的職業(yè)生涯中扮演許多不同的角色。)”可知，作者給大學(xué)生的建議是為不同的工作選擇做好準(zhǔn)備。故選。46.【答案】Mostofthisreflectayearningforastableandharmoniouslife.【解析】mostof作品”含義的表達(dá)為：thisworks；表示“體現(xiàn)了”含義的表達(dá)為：reflect，因句子表示的是一個客觀情況，謂語動詞使用一般現(xiàn)在時；表示“對……的向往”含義的表達(dá)為：ayearningfor；表示“穩(wěn)定、和諧生活”含義的表達(dá)為：astableandharmoniouslifeMostofthisreflectayearningforastableandharmoniouslife。47.【答案】Thehostofthebanquetextendedthewarmestwelcomethedistinguishedguestspresentattheevent.【解析】人”為“