PAGEPAGE1Unit1Alandofdiversity[話題單詞]1．culturen． 文化2．racismn． 種族卑視3．federaladj. 聯邦的，聯邦政府的4．legaladj. 法律的，法定的，合法的，正值的5．influencevt./n. 影響6．abolishvt. 廢除，取消7．customn． 習俗8．locatev． 使……坐落于9．location/positionn． 位置10．ministern． 牧師，部長11．policyn． 政策，方針；保險單12．restrictionn． 限制；限定；約束13．unconditionaladj. 無條件的，無保留的，肯定的14．principlen． 原則，原理，觀念15．aggressiveadj. 侵略的，好攻擊的；有進取心的[話題短語]1．bedividedinto分成2．withapopulationof有……的人口3．consistof/bemadeupof由……組成4．culturalsymbols文化標記5．culturalbackground文化背景6．atadistanceof在……的距離7．wayoflife生活方式8．settledown定居9．followacustom遵循習俗10．cultureshock文化沖擊11．acomplicatedsocialphenomenon困難的社會現象12．socialstatus社會地位13．makeitaruletodosth.做某事成為規定14．liveinharmony和諧生活15．sentencesb.todeath判某人死刑16．senseofresponsibility責任感[話題佳句]1．ItisthefirsttimethatIhavegonetoAmerica.IbelievethatIcouldcommunicatewithAmericansfluently.那是我第一次到美國。我信任自己能流暢地同美國人溝通。2．However，onmyarrivalinAmerica，Iwasnumbwithshock.Icouldn’tunderstandtheirlanguage.IrealizedthatImustadjustmyselftothenewsurroundingsassoonaspossible.可是，一到美國，我就驚呆了：我聽不懂美國人的話。我意識到必需盡快調整自己以適應新的環境。3．AlectureaboutAmericanculturewasgivenlastweekbyourforeignteacher，whichattractedlotsofteachersandstudentstoattend.上周我們的外教老師做了一個關于美國文化的講座，吸引了很多老師和學生來參與。[佳作背誦]假定你是李華，你校英文報“外國文化”欄目擬刊登美國節日風俗和中學生生活的短文。請給你的美國摯友彼得寫一封信約稿，要點如下：1．欄目介紹；2．稿件內容；3．稿件長度：約100詞；4．交稿日期：6月28日前。DearPeter，I’dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool’sEnglishnewspaper.The“ForeignCultures”sectioninournewspaperisverypopularamongusstudents.Itcarriesarticleswrittenbyforeignfriendsabouttheculturesoftheirhomecountries.WouldyoupleasewritesomethingaboutthecultureinyourpartoftheUnitedStates？AndwewouldespeciallywelcomearticlesabouthowAmericansspendtheirholidaysandfestivals，andthelifeofAmericanhighschoolstudents.Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasit’sinterestingandinformative.100wordswouldbefine.CouldwehaveyourarticlebeforeJune28?I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours，LiHua識記·思索·運用1．核心單詞①hirevt.&n．租用；雇用②justicen.正義；公正；司法③graspvt.&n．抓住；駕馭；領悟④nowhereadv.無處；到處都無⑤reformvt.&vi.改革；革新n．改革；改造；改良⑥customsn．海關；關稅→customn．風俗⑦occurvi.發生；出現→occurrencen．發生；出現；事務⑧punishmentn．懲處；懲罰→punishv．懲處；懲罰⑨electvt.選擇；確定做某事；選舉electionn．選擇；選舉⑩conductorn．列車員，指揮→conductvt.指揮，指導?majorityn．大多數；大半→majoradj.主要的；重要的→minorityn．少數；少數民族?meansn．手段；方法→meanv．意思是；準備；意味著→meaningn．意思，意義→meaningfuladj.有意義的→meaninglessadj.無意義的2．閱讀單詞①straitn．海峽②ferryn．渡船③bakeryn．面包店④Arcticadj.北極的⑤hardshipn.困難⑥insertvt.插入⑦tramn.有軌電車⑧ministryn．(政府的)部⑨mournvt.哀痛；哀悼⑩slipvi.滑動；滑行；n.滑動；滑倒；紙片，紙條?aircraftn．飛機；飛行器；航空器?vicen．罪行，不道德行為；惡習；代理；副職?civiladj.國內的；平民(非軍人)的；民用的?authorityn．權力，權威，威信，官方?unlikeprep.不像，和……不同?federaladj.聯盟的；聯邦政府的；聯邦制的?percentagen．百分比，百分率；比例，部分?boomn．&vi.(人口、貿易的)旺盛；經濟發展?immigratevi.移入(外國定居)→immigrationn．移民；移居入境?racialadj.人種的；種族的→racen．種族；競賽v．和……競賽；競賽eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))applicantn．申請人→applyv．申請；應用→applicationn．申請；應用程序eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))indicatevt.指出；標示；表明；示意→indicationn．跡象→indicatorn．指示器；指示物eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))apparentadj.自不待言的；明顯的；表面上的→apparentlyadv.明顯地；自不待言地eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))distinctadj.清楚的；明顯的；明確的→distinctionn．差別；區分；卓著distinctlyadv.明顯地；無疑地；的確地；eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))socialistn．社會主義者；社會黨人adj.社會主義者的→socialismn．社會主義→societyn．社會用上面所給單詞的適當形式填空1．Hewontheelectionandwaselectedpresidentofthecountry.(elect)2．HeindicatedthatanindicatorshouldgivemesomeindicationsofhowIdidinthetest.(indicate)3．Theresultsofthesurveyfellintodistinctgroups.Theoldwerescholarsofgreatdistinctionwhiletheyoungweretheopposite.(distinct)4．Apparently，shetooknonoticeoftheapparentmistakesintheaccident.(apparent)5．AlltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheirapplicationsbeforeMay6th.(apply)6．OneofthemajorproblemsisthatamajorityofthegraduateswhomajorinEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.(majority)7．“Walkacrossthisstreetandturnleftatthefirstcrossing.”theboytoldthelady.(cross)8．Ifacustomerwantstobringthegoodshebuysabroadbacktoinland，hehastopaysomecustomswhenhepassesthroughthecustoms.(custom)9．—Whatisthemeaningofthesignonthebottle?—Itmeans“thissideup”．(mean)10．Somesocialistsbelievethatsocialismwillovertimeturnintowhattheyseeasamoreadvancedsystemwithnostate.(society)1．“抓住”家族①grasp抓住，駕馭，領悟②master抓住，駕馭，領悟③seize抓；捉；捕；奪；搶；劫掠；掠奪④snatch搶，抓住；搶去，奪去，攫取⑤takeholdof抓住⑥grab攫取，抓取；抓住；搶奪，霸占⑦capture捕獲，奪得；俘獲，擄掠，掠奪2．“選擇”速覽①choosevt.選擇②choicen．選擇③selectvt.選擇；選擇；選拔④electvt.推選；選(舉)某人任某職⑤electionn．選舉，選出，當選⑥optionn．選擇，取舍，選擇權；可選擇的東西⑦pickout選出⑧votevt.&vi.選舉；投票3．學會“致歉與寬恕”①apologise/apologizevi.致歉；謝罪②apologyn．致歉；辯解③excusevt.寬恕，寬恕④forgivevt.寬恕，饒恕，寬恕⑤pardonn．寬恕，饒恕，寬恕⑥regretn．缺憾，愧疚⑦forgetit不要介意⑧nevermind不介意⑨takeiteasy放松，沒關系張4．與“雇用、辭退”有關的詞匯全接觸①hiren．&vt.雇用②employvt.雇用③firevt.解雇④dismissvt.解雇⑤layoff解雇；下崗⑥turnaway解雇⑦takeon雇用識記·思索·運用1．動詞＋介詞(副詞)①liveon接著存在；接著生存②keepup堅持；維持；沿襲(風俗、傳統等)③markout用線畫出范圍；標出……界線④takein包括；汲取⑤applyfor申請；請示得到⑥teamupwith與……合作或一起工作2．其他形式①agreat/goodmany很多；很多②bymeansof...用……方法；借助……③makealife謀生；習慣于新的生活方式、工作等④backtoback背靠背⑤themajorityof大多數用左欄所給短語的適當形式填空1．Sheappliedforajobwiththelocalnewspaper.2．Itishonorabletomakealifewithyourhandswhiledependingonothersisashame.3．Afterseeingagreatmanyhomelesspeopleinthestreets，IthoughtIshoulddosomethingforthem.4．Tokeepupgoodrelationshipswithyourteachersandclassmates，youshouldlearntobeongoodtermswiththem.5．Johnpreferredtogointobusinessaloneratherthanmarkedoutanyoneelse.6．Thepolicelookedintothecasecarefullyandfoundthethiefhadenteredthehousebymeansofaladder.1．“很多”再回顧alotof；lotsof；anumberof；aquantityof；quantitiesof；agood/greatmany；dozensof；scoresof；manya；morethanone；the/amajorityof2．“動詞＋out”短語再記①bringout闡釋；說明；出版②carryout完成；實施安排③comeout出現；傳出：表露；達到④helpout幫助克服困難⑤giveout用完；耗盡⑥turnout證明⑦workout計算出；擬定出；解決⑧runout用完⑨setout啟程；動身在解讀中學懂，在仿寫中學通背原句學句型練仿寫1.However，itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，可能至少在15000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。itislikelythat...“有可能……”。對我們學生而言參觀長城有可能是一次難忘的經驗。ItislikelythatavisittotheGreatWallforusstudentsisanunforgettableexperience.2.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.那就是今日有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或其次語言的緣由。Thatiswhy...“那就是……的緣由”。他癡迷電腦嬉戲，那就是他不得不輟學的緣由。Heisaddictedtocomputergames，andthatiswhyhehastodropoutofschool.3.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups，butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人們認為，要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會特別之大，以至于不行能存在一種明顯的、主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。Itisbelievedthat...“人們認為/信任……”，其構成為：It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句。人們認為澳大利亞的歷史始于18世紀末期。ItisbelievedthatAustralianhistorybeganattheendoftheeighteenthcentury.3500詞匯語境篇——先練后背，事半功倍ImmigratetoAmericaAttractedbytheboominAmerica，mynephewteamedupwithaKoreanto1.illegally(legal)crosstheBearingstraitintheArctictoAmerica.2.Toavoid(avoid)theCustoms'punishment，theyhidinasmallferrycalledtheNorthPoleSeagull，sittingbacktobackwithoutsleeping，showeringandshaving3.for3days，andhadnochancetomourntheirlostluggagewhenlanding.Thehardshipofthiscrossingwasapparent.Atfirst，hemade4.alivingbymeansofraisingcattleandthenwashiredinaircraftindustries.HelivedinaCatholicdistrict.TakinginasmallpercentageofPakistani5immigrants(immigrate)，themajorityoftheresidentswerefromItalyandDenmark，6.whoallkeptuptheircustomsandcultures.Differentblockshereweredistinctlymarkedoutandindicatedfromtheracialangle.Itwas7.unfair(fair)andneededreforming.Butwithnowhereelsetogo，mynephewlivedonandmanagedtomakealifeforhimself.Mynephew'sfortunecame8.whenhebravelyhelpedaconductorbrakeatramtostopitfromslippingoutoftherails.Theman9.waselected(elect)vicechairmanoftheSocialistPartylater.Itoccurredtomynephewthathecouldgraspthisopportunitytoaskforhishelp.ThemanwhowasthankfulhelpedhimapplytothecivilauthorityfortherighttoliveinAmericabyinsertinghisbravedeedintohisdocuments.Unlikeagreatmanyotherapplicants，his10.application(apply)wasapprovedbytheFederalJusticeMinistry.Beforelong，hestartedhisownbakeryandlivedabetterlife.Note：resident/'rez?d?nt/adj.定居的，常駐的；固有的，內在的meansn．手段；方法(教材原句)ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科學家們認為，這些遷居者通過一條史前時期曾經存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區的白令海峽到達美洲。拓展詞：meanvt.意味著meaningn．意義bymeansof...用……方法；借助……bythismeans用這種方法byallmeans務必，肯定，當然可以byanymeans無論如何，以一切可能的手段byeverymeans盡一切可能的方法bynomeans絕不，無論如何也不ameansofcommunication一種通訊/溝通手段[要點釋疑](1)means用作“方式；方法”時單復數同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主語，謂語動詞用復數形式；若every/each/one/ameans作主語，謂語動詞用單數形式。(2)bynomeans位于句首時，句子應部分倒裝。(1)Ajobisnotjustameansofliving，instead，itisawayofexperiencinglife.工作不應當只是謀生的一個手段，而應當是經驗生活的一種方式。(2)單句語法填空①Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried(try)，butnoneworked.②Iknowthemonkeyonhisbackcan'tberemovedbyanymeans.③Hesucceededbymeansofperseverance.(3)寫作實力提升eq\x(句式升級)I'llforgiveyouthistime，butyoushallbynomeansmakethemistakeagain.(改為倒裝句)→I'llforgiveyouthistime，butbynomeansshallyoumakethemistakeagain.majorityn．大多數；大半(教材原句)OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia，themajoritywerereligiousmen，whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.在首批移居加利福尼亞州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責是向原住居民傳授天主教。拓展詞：majoradj.主要的；主修的；n.主修科目，專業；主修某科目的學生，某專業的學生；vi.主修(1)themajority大多數(其做主語表整體時，謂語用單數形式；若表成員狀況時，謂語用復數形式。)themajorityof＋n.[U]＋單數謂語themajorityof＋n.[pl.]＋復數謂語beinthe/amajority占大多數by/withamajorityof以多數票(2)majorin主修……(3)minorityn．少數；少數人beinthe/aminority占少數(1)Whenitcomestoeducation，themajorityofpeoplebelievethateducationisalifetimestudy.說到教化，大部分人認為其是終生的學習。(2)Whatsubjectdidyoumajorinwhenyouwereinuniversity？你在高校主修的科目是什么？(3)單句語法填空①Themajoritywas/were(be)infavoroftheproposal.②Themajoritywhoattendedthemeetingyesterdaywere(be)students.③Themajorityofthedamageis(be)easytorepair.(4)寫作實力提升eq\x(一句多譯)我在高校里主修英語。①I'manEnglishmajoratuniversity.(majorn．)②MymajorisEnglishatuniversity.(majorn．)③ImajorinEnglishatuniversity.(majorv．)(5)單句語法填空eq\x(走進高考)(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajor(majority)ways.occurvi.發生；存在，出現；(想法)產生(教材原句)Yes，Itdidn'toccurtomethat...是的，我沒想到……拓展詞：occurrencen．出現；發生；事務(1)occurto(辦法或想法突然)出現于腦中；被想起，被想到Itoccurstosb.todosth.使某人想到做某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that-clause某人突然想起……(2)sth.occursto/comesto/strikessb.某人想起某事stheintoone'smind某人想起某事(3)sbeupwithsth.某人想出(答案，安排)[要點釋疑](1)表達“發生”之意時，occur與happen可以互換；另外occur，happen，takeplace，breakout等表示“發生；爆發”的單詞或短語都不能用于被動語態或進行時態。(2)occur結構中主語不能是人，而是想到的事情或it作形式主語。(1)Butitstruck/hit(＝occuredto)methatoneshouldn'tloseheartwhenintrouble.但是我突然想到一個人在陷入逆境時不應當失去信念。(2)Yearsago，acriticaleventoccurred(occur)inmylifethatwouldchangeitforever.數年前發生了一件將恒久變更我生活的大事。(3)單句語法填空①Anideaoccurredtome.②Anideacameintomymind.③Ihit/struckonanidea.④Itdidn'toccurtohertoask(ask)forhelp.(4)寫作實力提升eq\x(句式升級)WhenIgothome，IsuddenlyrememberedthatIhadleftmybookintheclassroom.(用occur改寫)WhenIgothome，itoccurredtomethatIhadleftmybookintheclassroom.indicatevt.指出；標示；表明；示意(教材原句)Trytousetheexpressionsabovetoindicatethatyouarelisteningcarefullytoyourpartner.試著用以上表達來表明你在仔細傾聽你的搭檔的話。拓展詞：indicationn．示意；表示；預兆；指示(1)indicatesth.tosb.向某人指出/示意某物/事indicatethat...示意；表明；示意；說明(2)Thereis(no)indicationthat...(沒)有跡象表明……(1)Hesmilesandnods，indicating(indicate)thateverythingisfine.他微笑并點頭，示意一切順當。(2)Inhisletter，heindicated(indicate)hiswillingnesstocooperate.他在信中表示情愿合作。(3)Progressindicates(indicate)aperson'sabilitytochangethewayheislivingatthemoment.進步表明一個人變更目前生活方式的實力。(4)單句語法填空①WithanodofhisheadheindicatedtomewhereIshouldsit.②Hegavenoindication(indicate)thathewasreadytocompromise.(5)單句改錯①Thebellindicatedtheendoftheclassrang，interruptingourheateddiscussion.indicated→indicating②Itisnoindicationthattherewillbeanearthquake.It→Theremakealife習慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生(教材原句)Somediedorreturnedhome，butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.有些人死了或回家了，但是大多數人留在加利福尼亞謀生，盡管困難重重。(1)cometolife醒悟；變得活躍live/leada．..life過著……生活comebacktolife醒悟過來；復原生氣bring...backtolife使……醒悟過來；給……活力start/makeanewlife起先新生活(2)make/earna/one'sliving謀生(1)TheysettleddowninCanadaandmade(make)alifeforthemselves.他們在加拿大定居下來，習慣了新的生活方式。(2)用life相關短語的適當形式填空①Thevillage，whichhadseemeddeserted，immediatelycametolife.②Therescueteambroughtthebabybacktolife.③TheoperationshouldenableBobbytolive/leadanormallife.(3)寫作實力提升eq\x(完成句子)在接下來的三年，我們的學校生活將會特別具有挑戰性，你會努力習慣新的生活方式。Inthecomingthreeyears，ourschoollifewillbechallengingandyouwilltrytomakealifeforyourself.slipdown滑倒slipinto靜靜進入，溜進去；靜靜塞進；滑行撞上(某物)slipaway(＝outof)靜靜溜走slipdown滑倒slipfrom滑脫slipoutof意外地從……滑出，掉出；溜出去(1)Theboatslipsthroughthewater.船在水上輕快地滑行。(2)Timealwayshasawayofmakingthingsslipawayuntilthereisnothingleft.時間總是讓全部事物靜靜消逝，直到什么都不剩。(3)單句語法填空①Myaunthasslippeddowninthestreetandhurtherankle，soIhavetotakehertothedoctor.②Thewheelslippedfrommyfrozenhand，andthecarwentrightacrosstheroad.③Thecarturnedonthewetroadandslippedintothefence.④Tomslippedawayfromtheroomwhenhismotherwassleeping.⑤Sufferingfrombadhealth，thisboyhadhismarksatschoolslipping(slip)．BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850，itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.到1850年加利福尼亞被選為美國第31個聯邦州的時候，它已經是一個有著多元文化的社會了。bythetime意為“到……的時候”，是一個介詞短語，在句中起連接作用，引導時間狀語從句。其用法如下：(1)如從句謂語是一般過去時，則主句用過去完成時；(2)如從句謂語是一般現在時或現在完成時，則主句用將來完成時；(3)如主句動作不強調已經完成，只是說明某個時候的狀況，此時主句不用完成時，而應依據實際須要選用適當的時態，此時bythetime相當于when。(1)Forsomething，wecan'tunderstandwhenweareyoungbutbythetimeweunderstand，wearenolongeryoung.有些事情，我們年輕的時候無法懂得，但當我們懂得的時候已不再年輕。(2)Bythetimehewasfourteenyearsold，Einsteinhadlearnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.到14歲時，愛因斯坦就已經自學完了高等數學。(3)BythetimeyouarriveinLondon，wewillhavebeenstayinginEuropefortwoweeks.等你到達倫敦的時候，我們將已經在歐洲待了兩星期了。(4)單句語法填空①Bythetimetheyarrived，thefamousastronauthadleft(leave)thehall.②Bythetimeshegetshome，hermotherwillhaveleft(leave)forLondontoattendameeting.③WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone，shesoundedweak，butbythetimewehung(hang)up，hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.(5)單句語法填空eq\x(走進高考)①(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers，considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.②(2024·浙江卷)BythetimeIgothome，Ionlyhadafewhourstodomyhomework，andIhadtodoitrightaway.Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．NowinChina，allincreasingpercentage(百分比)ofthepopulationhavetheirowncars.2．InthewinterbreakIwentnowhere(無處)，juststayedathome.3．IamnotcertainIhavegrasped(領悟)whatyoumeant.4．Sometimeshehired(雇用)twoorthreelabourerstohelphisharvest.5．Astrongmanwillbearhardship(困苦)withoutcomplaining.6．Herforcedsmileindicates(表明)thatthereissomethingwrong.7．Reforming(改革)theeducationsystemwillbeadifficultprocedure.8．Itjustoccurred(想起；發生)tomethatifwewantedtogototheseashoreforourvacation，wehadbettermakereservationsinadvance.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．TheysettleddowninCanadaandmadenewlifeforthemselves.new前加a2．Aftertheexplosion，everymeanshavebeenusedtopreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.have→has3．Inthisschool，womenteachersareinthemajor.major→majority4．Emersonwouldalwaystakedownnewideasthatwereoccurredtohim.去掉were5．Agreatmanyofhouseswereknockeddownintheearthquake.去掉of6．Didhegiveyouanyindicatingsofhisfeelings？indicatings→indication7．Themanagerreceivedtwentyapplicantsforthepost.applicants→applications8．Youcanteamuponanotherclassmemberifyouwant.on→withⅢ.教材與語法填空CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSA1.buthasthelargestpopulation.2.ItisthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA.Thisisnot3.surprising(surprise)whenyouknowthehistoryofCaliforniawhichhasattractedpeoplefromnearlyeverycountryintheworld.Noonereallyknowswhenthefirstsettlersarrivedin4.whatwenowknowasCalifornia.ScientistsbelievethattheNativeAmericansreachedAmerica5bymeansofalandbridge.Inthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia，themajoritywerereligiousmen.In1848，goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniaand6.thedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Infact，7.fewachievedtheirdream，butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifefor8.themselves(they)．Inmorerecentdecades，Californiahasbecomehometo9.more(many)peoplefromAsia.It10.isbelieved(believe)thatbeforelongthemixofn