本章我們將通過3個具體的實戰例子來綜合展示如何使用R語言來進行數據的可視化。第一個例子主要使用了基本庫函數，第二個例子主要使用了ggplot2函數，第三個例子主要使用了lattice函數。也就是本書主要討論的3個圖形庫。基本庫實戰

plot(faithful)short.eruptions<-with(faithful,faithful[eruptions<3,])

plot(faithful)points(short.eruptions,col="red",pch=19)head(colors(),10)fit<-lm(waiting~eruptions,data=faithful)plot(faithful)lines(faithful$eruptions,fitted(fit),col="blue")abline(v=3,col="purple")abline(h=mean(faithful$waiting))abline(a=coef(fit)[1],b=coef(fit)[2])abline(fit,col="red")plot(LakeHuron,type="l",main='type="l"')x<-seq(0.5,1.5,0.25)y<-rep(1,length(x))plot(x,y,type="n")points(x,y)

with(mtcars,plot(mpg,disp))plot(faithful,main="EruptionsofOldFaithful",xlab="Eruptiontime(min)",ylab="Waitingtimetonexteruption(min)")x<-seq(0.5,1.5,0.25)y<-rep(1,length(x))plot(x,y,main="Effectofcexontextsize")text(x,y+0.1,labels=x,cex=x)old.par<-par(mfrow=c(1,2))plot(faithful,main="Faithfuleruptions")plot(large.islands,main="Islands",ylab="Area")par(old.par)ggplot2實戰

本小節我們使用ggolot2來進行一個實戰展示。我們使用同樣的數據集faithful，首先我們先來繪制基本圖形。使用Geoms和Stats，來定義數據如何使用，以及把數據映射到plot函數里面ggplot(faithful,aes(x=eruptions,y=waiting))+geom_point()+stat_smooth()ggplot(quakes,aes(x=depth))+geom_bar()ggplot(quakes,aes(x=depth))+geom_bar(binwidth=50)

quakes.agg<-aggregate(mag~round(depth,-1),data=quakes,FUN=length)names(quakes.agg)<-c("depth","mag")

ggplot(quakes.agg,aes(x=depth,y=mag))+geom_bar(stat="identity")ggplot(quakes,aes(x=long,y=lat))+geom_point()ggplot(longley,aes(x=Year,y=Unemployed))+geom_line()ggplot(quakes,aes(x=depth))+geom_bar(binwidth=50)ggplot(quakes,aes(x=depth))+stat_bin(binwidth=50)ggplot(longley,aes(x=Year,y=Employed))+geom_point()

ggplot(longley,aes(x=Year,y=Employed))+geom_point()+stat_smooth()

ggplot(longley,aes(x=Year,y=Employed))+geom_point()+stat_smooth(method="lm")ggplot(mtcars,aes(x=hp,y=mpg))+geom_point()

ggplot(mtcars,aes(x=hp,y=mpg))+geom_point()+stat_smooth(method="lm")+facet_grid(~cyl)lattice實戰

這一小節主要展示lattice的綜合使用，我們使用來自mlmRev的Chem97數據集。data(Chem97,package="mlmRev")head(Chem97)leaschoolstudentscoregenderagegcsescoregcsecnt11114F36.6250.3393157211210F-37.6251.3393157311310F-47.2500.9643157411410F-27.5001.214315751158F-16.4440.1583157611610F47.7501.4643157數據集記錄化學考試的學生信息。我們只對以下變量感興趣Score分數:學生的總體分數Gcse分數：學生的GCSE分數gender:學生的性別histogram(~gcsescore,data=Chem97)histogram(~gcsescore|factor(score),data=Chem97)densityplot(~gcsescore|factor(score),Chem97,groups=gender,plot.points=FALSE,auto.key=TRUE)qq(gender~gcsescore|factor(score),Chem97,f.value=ppoints(1