Empoweredor

Undermined?WomenEntrepreneurs&

theDigitalEconomy

2024SurveyofWomenEntrepreneursinLow&MiddleIncomeCountries

CompanyLimitedbyGuaranteeCompanyregistrationnumber:06198893

Charitynumber:1125751

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024Contents2

Contents

Executivesummary 6

Businesssuccessesandchallengesin2024 7

Digitalandfinancialinclusion 8

Socialmedia,digitalmarketing,ande-commerce 9

Gender-basedviolenceindigitalandphysicalspaces 10

Keyrecommendations 11

Introduction 13

Methodology 19

Findings 21

Whoarethewomenentrepreneurssurveyed? 21

Businesssuccessesandchallengesduring2024 27

Digitalandfinancialaccess 29

Socialmedia,digitalmarketingande-commerce 43

Gender-basedviolenceandsafety 54

Skillsandcapacitybuilding 60

Conclusions 66

Recommendations 68

TheCherieBlairFoundationforWomenworkstogether

withwomenentrepreneursinlowandmiddleincomecountries

toreachtheirpotential.Withourpartnerswearecommittedto

eliminatingtheglobalgendergapinentrepreneurshipandcreatingafuturewherewomenentrepreneursthrive.

@CherieBlairFndn

Frontcoverimage:CandaceWickham,FounderandCEO,ProCareTherapyandWellnessCentre,Guyana,andCherieBlairFoundationforWomenalumna,2024

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024Contents3

Authors

TheSharedPathwaysresearchteam,Dr.LayaneAlhorr,Dr.AmmarA.Malik,AhmedJaved,NabeehaNazandNoorUnNisa.

WithRachelSeftel,HeadofImpactandLearning,CherieBlairFoundation

forWomen,andLuluNunn,HeadofCommunicationsandMarketing,CherieBlairFoundationforWomen.

Abbreviationsandacronyms

AI

Artificialintelligence

GBV

Genderbasedviolence

GDP

Grossdomesticproduct

LMIC

Lowand/ormiddleincomecountry/ies

NGO

Non-governmentalorganisation

SDG

SustainableDevelopmentGoal

SME

Smallandmediumenterprises

Glossary

Cyber-harassment:Onlineviolence,intimidation,orabusethatincludes

threats,stalking,hatespeech,andunwantedverbalornonverbalconductofasexualnature.Itcanhaveseveresocial,psychological,andeconomic

consequencesforvictims.

Digitaleconomy:Economicactivitygeneratedthroughonlineinteractionsamongpeople,businesses,anddevices,enabledbytheinternetandmobiletechnology.Itreshapesbusinessmodels,expandsaccesstoservices,and

transformsconsumerbehaviourinahyperconnectedworld.

Digitalecosystem:Anetworkofinterconnectedpeople,businesses,

technologies,andplatformsthatexchangedata,products,andservicesinadigitalenvironment.Itfostersinnovation,collaboration,andeconomic

growthinanincreasinglydigitalworld.

Digitalexclusion:Themarginalisationofindividualsorgroupsduetolimitedaccesstoandcapacitytousedigitaltechnologies.Itresultsfrombarriers

suchasaffordability,inadequateinfrastructure,lackofdigitalliteracy,lowmotivation,andconcernsaboutonlinesecurity.Digitalexclusionrestrictsparticipationineconomic,social,andpoliticallife,deepeningexisting

inequalitiesinanincreasinglydigitalworld.

Digitalinclusion:Theequitable,secure,andmeaningfulaccesstoanduseofdigitaltechnologies,ensuringthatallindividuals—especiallymarginalised

groups—canfullyparticipateinthedigitaleconomyandsociety.It

encompassesaffordability,accessibility,digitalliteracy,andpoliciesthatpromoteinclusivedevelopmentandbridgedigitaldivides.

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024Contents4

Digitalinfrastructure:Thephysicalandsoftware-basedsystemsthatenabledigitalconnectivity,includingdatacentres,fibrenetworks,hardware,and

platforms.Itservesasthebackbonefordeliveringdigitalgoods,services,andbusinessoperations.

Digitalliteracy:Theabilitytoconfidently,safelyusedigitaltechnologiestoaccess,evaluate,create,andcommunicateinformation.Itsupportsproblem-solving,collaboration,andparticipationinthedigitaleconomyandsociety.

Digitalreadiness:Theabilitytoconfidentlyandeffectivelyusedigitaltools,includingskills,access,andtrustinonlineinformation.Lowdigitalreadiness,duetolackofdigitalskillsorsecurityconcerns,canlimitparticipationinthedigitaleconomyandsociety.

Digitalrights:Fundamentalentitlementsthatensureequitableaccesstotheinternet,dataprivacy,security,andfreedomfromdiscriminationindigital

spaces.Theypromotetransparency,accountability,andethicaltechnologyusetoupholdhumanrightsinthedigitalage.

Financialaccounts:Accountsthatfacilitatethestorage,transfer,and

managementoffunds,includingbankaccounts,mobilemoneyaccounts,ande-wallets.Theyprovideafoundationforfinancialtransactions,savings,andaccesstofinancialservices.

Financialexclusion:Thelackofaccesstooreffectiveuseofaffordableandappropriatefinancialservices—suchasbanking,credit,insurance,anddigitalpayments—byindividualsandbusinesses,particularlythoseinmarginalisedorunderservedcommunities.Itresultsfrombarrierssuchashighcosts,

geographicinaccessibility,lackoffinancialliteracy,distrustinfinancialinstitutions,andrestrictiveeligibilityrequirements.

Financialinclusion:Theavailability,accessibility,andeffectiveuseof

affordablefinancialproductsandservices—suchasbanking,credit,

insurance,anddigitalpayments—byindividualsandbusinesses,particularlythosetraditionallyunderserved.Itenableseconomicparticipation,builds

financialresilience,andpromotesinclusivegrowthbyintegratingmorepeopleintotheformalfinancialsystem,leveragingtechnologytoexpandreachandreducecosts.

Genderdigitaldivide:Disparitiesbetweengendersinaccessto,useof,andbenefitsfromdigitaltechnologies,drivenbyeconomic,cultural,andskill-

basedbarriers.Theselimitwomen’sparticipationinthedigitaleconomyandtheirabilitytoleveragetechnologyforeconomicandsocialadvancement.

Genderlensdesign:Anapproachthatintegratesgenderperspectivesintothedesignofproducts,services,andsystemstopromoteequity,inclusivity,andpositivesocialimpact.Itensuresthatsolutionsaddressthespecific

needsofdifferentgenders.

Technology-facilitatedgender-basedviolence:Actsofharm—physical,

sexual,psychological,social,political,oreconomic—committed,aggravated,oramplifiedthroughdigitaltools.Itdisproportionatelyaffectswomenandmarginalisedgroups,limitingtheirsafetyandparticipationinonlinespaces.

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024Contents5

Acknowledgements

ThisreportisproducedbyCherieBlairFoundationforWomen,in

partnershipwithIntuitandtheWorIdBank’s“Women,BusinessandtheLaw”project.

Wearegratefultothefollowingpeopleandorganisationsfortheirsupportinconsultingonthethemesofthisresearchand/orindisseminatingthe

researchsurveytowomenentrepreneurs:

DanielleAnderson,StepandStone

Dr.SavitaBailur,SeniorDirector,

GenderEqualityandSocial

Inclusion,CaribouDigital

BiodunandIbikunleFoundation

BongoHive

CaribbeanCentreofExcellence

forSustainableLivelihoods

CaribbeanWomeninTrade

ChristianWomenBusiness

NetworkData2x

FateFoundation

GlobalWomanClub

GordonInstituteofBusinessScienceEntrepreneurshipDevelopmentAcademy

GroFinManagers

SarahHewitt,DirectorofStriveWomen,CAREWomen’s

Entrepreneurship

SonjaKelly,VicePresident,ResearchandAdvocacy,Women’sWorIdBanking

SarahKitakule

KZNWomeninBusinessLadiesHelplineInitiativeLADIESFUND

LeadershipEntrepreneurshipandAcademicDevelopment

(LEAD)

LodenFoundation

MurtalaMuhammedFoundation

MWEA-MyanmarWomen

EntrepreneursAssociation

OrganizationofWomenin

InternationalTrade(OWIT)-Nigeria

ClemenciaOsaOuma,CampaignandCoalitionManager,

Women’sWorIdBanking

Reboot

SmallEnterpriseDevelopmentAgency(SEDA)

SmartRegionalConsultantsSNV

TipezeFleaMarketbyEstacEvents

Tomorrow'sYouthOrganizationYouthCo:Lab

UNGWAAfrica

VocesVitalesHondurasWICCI

WomenEnterpriseFund

Women'sEmpowermentLinkWougnet

Wearedeeplythankfultothe2,870womenentrepreneursaroundtheworldwhosharedtheirexperiences,challengesandopinionswithus,withoutwhomthisreportwouldnotbepossible

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024ExecutiveSummary6

Executivesummary

Despitefacingstructuralandindividualbarrierstobusinessgrowth,womeninlowandmiddleincomecountries(LMICs)continuetocarveouttheirowneconomicopportunities.Manyarerunningbusinesses,oftenleveragingnewtechnologiestoexpandtheirreach.Womenareamongtheownersof47%ofbusinessesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,44%inEastAsiaandthe

Pacific,and30%inSub-SaharanAfrica.Inemergingeconomies,smallandmediumenterprises(SMEs)contribute40%ofthegrossdomesticproduct(GDP),underscoringtheirvitalroleineconomicdevelopment.However,womenentrepreneursfacesystematicdisadvantagesinaccessingcapital,growingbusinessnetworks,andfullyparticipatinginthedigitaleconomy.

Inrecentyears,womenentrepreneurshaveincreasinglyembraceddigitaltechnologies,withsocialmediaemergingasapowerfultoolforexpandingtheirbusinesses,buildingcustomerrelationships,andboostingvisibility.

Beyondsocialmedia,manyareadoptinge-commerce,AI-drivenbusinesstools,andonlinefinancialservices.Yetsignificantchallengesremain,

includinginsufficientresources,limitedtechnicalskills,risksofgender-

basedharassment,privacyconcerns,anddigitalexclusion.Theseobstaclesrestrictwomen)sabilitytofullycapitaliseonthebenefitsoftechnologies

thatcouldsupporttheirbusinessgrowth.

Understandingboththeopportunitiesandconstraintsshapingwomen)s

businesssuccessisessentialforunlockingtheirfulleconomicpotential.Thisreportprovidesfreshinsightsfromanonlinesurveyof2,870women

entrepreneursfrom96LMICs,highlightingthekeytrends,challenges,andurgentactionsrequiredtocreateamoreinclusive,secure,andhealthy

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024ExecutiveSummary7

businessenvironmentforwomen-ledenterprises.Thisyear)ssurveyisanin-depthexaminationofkeybusinesstechnologyissuesexploredinlastyear)sreport,spotlightinghowdigitalfinanceandsocialmediaarereshaping

businessforwomen.

Businesssuccessesandchallengesin2024

Womenentrepreneursreportedsignificantprogressindigitaladoptionandbusinessexpansionin2024,butfinancialandregulatoryconstraintsremaintopconcerns.Manyhighlightedtheroleofsocialmediaandonlineplatformsindrivingbusinessgrowth,whilemacroeconomicchallengessuchas

inflationandhighinterestratesaddedtotheirdifficulties.

Keysuccesses

●Adoptingdigitaltools,especiallysocialmediamarketinganddigital

payments,wasthetopsuccesscited,with63%ofrespondentslinkingittoimprovedbusinessoutcomes.

●60%ofwomenentrepreneursgainedaccesstonewbusiness

networks,suchasprofessionalassociationsandpeermentorshipgroups.

●59%ofwomenentrepreneursalsoreportedincreasedsalesandprofitabilitythisyear.

Keychallenges

●78%ofrespondentsidentifiedalackofaccesstofinanceasoneof

theirgreatestchallenges,citinghighborrowingcosts,stringent

collateralrequirements,andlimitedfinancialliteracyaskeyobstaclestoobtainingnecessaryliquidityforbusinessgrowth.

●48%ofrespondentsexpressedconcernsregardingthedifficulteconomicenvironment,bothlocallyandnationally.Keyissues

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024ExecutiveSummary8

includedrisinginflation,increasedcostsofdoingbusiness,politicalinstability,andtheeliminationofsubsidies.

●27%ofrespondentsspecificallycitedtroublefindingandretainingcustomersasacriticalchallenge.

●Businessregulationsremainamajorhurdle,with18%ofwomen

reportingdifficultiesinregisteringtheirbusinessesduetohighcostsandcomplexbureaucraticprocesses.

Digitalandfinancialinclusion

Whiledigitaltechnologieshavethepotentialtobridgeeconomicgaps,manywomenentrepreneurscontinuetofacebarrierstofullparticipationinthe

digitaleconomy.Thegendergapinsmartphoneownershipandfinancialinclusionlimitswomen)sabilitytoscaletheirbusinesseseffectively.

●Although92%ofrespondentsreportowningapersonalsmartphone,45%donothaveregularinternetaccess,citingaffordabilityasthe

primarybarrier.Manystrugglewithhighdatacostsandunreliablenetworkconnectivity,whichlimitstheirabilitytofullyengagewithonlinemarkets.

●Womenentrepreneurswithoutsmartphonesare5.5timeslesslikelytousesocialmediaforbusinessand3.5timeslesslikelytohavea

bankaccountormobilemoneyaccount,underscoringthestrong

connectionbetweendeviceownership,digitalreadinessandfinancialinclusion.

●16%ofwomenreportsafetyandsecurityconcernsasakeybarriertoaccessingmobileinternet;62%ofthosereportingsuchconcerns

havepersonallyexperiencedonlineharassment,illustratingthe

destructivepotentialthatonlineharassmentholdstodrivewomenoffline.Overall,halfofthesurveyrespondentsareunsureor

unawareofanylawsagainstcyberharassmentintheircountry.

●Womenentrepreneurswhosellexclusivelytomalecustomersarethreetimesaslikelytoreceivepaymentsexclusivelythroughdigital

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024ExecutiveSummary9

accountsasthosesellingexclusivelytofemalecustomers.Thistrendreflectsastrongpreferenceforremotetransactionsandadesiretominimisephysicalinteractionswithmalecustomers.

●Businessregistrationplaysacriticalroleinfinancialinclusion.

Womenwithregisteredbusinessesare14.5timesmorelikelytohaveabusinessbankaccount.However,manywomenbusinessownersremainintheinformalsectorduetocumbersome

registrationprocessesandassociatedcosts.

●TheuseofAItoolsremainssteady,with38%ofrespondents

currentlyusingAI—aproportioninlinewithlastyear)ssurvey

findings.However,womenwithconsistentinternetaccessare2.5timesmorelikelytouseAItools,highlightingtheroleofdigital

literacyandconnectivityindrivingtechnologyadoption.

Socialmedia,digitalmarketing,ande-commerce

Thewidespreadgrowthinsocialmediaadoptionhasfundamentallychangedhowwomenentrepreneursmarkettheirbusinesses,offeringgreater

visibility,directcustomerengagement,andflexiblesaleschannels.

●88%ofsurveyrespondentsuseWhatsApp,and74%useFacebookforbusiness,makingthemthemostwidelyusedplatforms.Social

mediausageforbusinessiswidespreadamongwomen

entrepreneurs,regardlessofwhethertheyoperatetheirbusinessesfromhome,ashop,oranoffice.

●Despitesocialmedia'spopularity,e-commerceadoptionremains

low—only31%ofrespondentsuseplatformslikeAmazon,Alibaba,orJumiaforbusiness.Manycitedhightransactioncosts,alackoftrustinonlinepayments,andcomplexonboardingprocessesaskey

deterrents.

●Privacyandsafetyconcernsaremajorfactorsshapingwomen)s

onlinepresence.36%ofrespondentsavoidusingtheirfullnames,41%donotpostphotos,and59%donotpostvideosofthemselvesontheirbusinessprofiles.Manyfearharassment,unsolicited

messages,andreputationaldamage.

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024ExecutiveSummary10

Gender-basedviolenceindigitalandphysicalspaces

Safetyconcernscontinuetoinhibitwomen'sabilitytoengageineconomic

activities,whetheronlineorinphysicalspaces.Manywomenrestrictin-

personinteractionsandavoidpublic-facingrolesduetotheperceivedriskofharassment,discrimination,orviolence.Allofthisputstheirbusinessesatacompetitivedisadvantage.

●Mobilityconstraintssignificantlyhinderaccesstomarketsandotherpublicspacesformanywomenentrepreneurs,with50%of

respondentsreportingsomedifficultyinleavingtheirhomes.

Notably,6%finditverydifficultandrequireaccompaniment.16%

finditsomewhatdifficultandneedspecificarrangements(e.g.,

childcareortransportation),and27%arerestrictedtotravelingonlyindesignatedtimewindows.

●57%ofrespondentsreportedexperiencingatleastoneformofonlineharassmentthroughsocialmediaplatforms.

●21%ofrespondentsreportedconcernsregardingpotential

harassmentfrommalecustomers,withsomestatingthatbusinessnegotiationsoftenleadtoinappropriateadvancesorgender-baseddiscrimination.

●14%ofwomenfearaggressivehagglingorevenpotentialviolencebymenduringbusinesstransactions.

●23%ofwomenentrepreneursfacedverbalabuseonline,while22%reportedreceivingunsolicitedexplicitimagesormessages,makingonlineengagementriskyandunpleasant.

●77%ofwomentakeproactivesafetymeasures,suchasscreeningcustomersonlinebeforemeetingtheminpersonorrelyingonmalerelativesforprotection.

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024ExecutiveSummary11

Keyrecommendations

Governments,businesses,anddevelopmentorganisationsmusttake

coordinatedactiontoremovebarriersandsupportthegrowthofwomen-ledbusinesses.Strengtheningdigitalandfinancialinclusion,enhancing

businesssafetymeasures,andscalingupcapacity-buildingprogrammesshouldbekeypriorities.Ifsuccessful,theseinterventionscouldcreatemutuallybeneficialoutcomesforwomenentrepreneurs,developing

economiesandtheprivatesector.

Governmentsandmultilateralorganisations

●Expandaffordableinternetaccessanddevicefinancingprogrammestoclosethegenderdigitaldivideandensuremorewomen

entrepreneurscanparticipateinthedigitaleconomy.

●Streamlinebusinessregistrationprocessesandremovebureaucratichurdles,ensuringthatwomen-ledbusinessescanformalise

operationsandaccessfinancialservicesmoreeasily.

●Introducestrongerlegalprotectionsagainstonlineandoffline

gender-basedviolence(GBV),coupledwithawarenesscampaignstoeducatewomenentrepreneursaboutpathwaysforreportingand

gettingsupportforGBV.

Privatesectorandtechnologycompanies

●Enhancemobilemoneyanddigitalpaymentoptionstoincreasefinancialaccess,particularlyforwomenwhooperateincash-

dominatedmarkets.

●Developrobustsafetymeasures,includingacombinationofhumanmoderationandAI-driventools,todetectandmitigateonline

harassment.Thesemeasuresshouldprioritiseadaptabilitytoevolvingformsofabuse.

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024ExecutiveSummary12

●Reducebarrierstoentrytoe-commerceplatformsbysimplifyingregistrationprocesses,loweringtransactionfees,andoffering

tailoredsupporttowomen-ownedbusinesses.

NGOsandcapacity-buildinginitiatives

●Expandwoman-centreddigitalliteracy,onlinesafety,andAItrainingprogrammes,ensuringwomenentrepreneurscanfullyleverage

technologyforbusinessgrowth.

●Raiseawarenessoflegalprotectionsandstrengthenreporting

mechanismsforwomenfacingonlineharassmentorfinancialdiscrimination.

●Supportbusinessmentorshipandnetworkingprogrammes,

providingwomenaccesstopeers,investors,andindustryleaderstoacceleratetheirbusinesssuccess.

WomenentrepreneursinLMICsareembracingdigitaltoolsat

unprecedentedlevels,yetfinancialexclusion,digitalinsecurity,andonline

GBVcontinuetohindertheirfulleconomicparticipation.Urgentactionis

requiredtodismantlethesebarriersandcreateamoreinclusiveandthrivingbusinessenvironmentforwomenentrepreneursin2025andbeyond.

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024Introduction13

Introduction

Background

AcombinationofeconomicandsocialfactorsacrossLMICs-lackofformalemploymentopportunities,poordigitalinfrastructure,genderstereotypes,disproportionatecareburdens,andfearofharassmentinpublicandvirtualspaces-inhibitwomen)sabiIitytosustainabIyengageineconomicaIIy

productiveactivities.Despitechallengingconditions,womenarechartingtheirowneconomicpathwaysthroughentrepreneurialventuresalignedtotheircircumstances.59%ofwomensurveyedacrossLMICsreportbeing

self-employed

.1

Moreover,womenmakeup63%ofallautonomousand

economicallyindependenthome-basedworkersinlow-incomecountries

and50%inmiddle-incomecountries

.2

Thepercentageofregistered

businesseswithwomenamongtheownersstandsat47%inLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,44%inEastAsiaandPacific,and31%inSub-Saharan

Africa

.3

WithformallyregisteredSMEsalonecontributing40%oftheGDPacrossallemergingeconomies,womenentrepreneursformanintegralpartoftheireconomicecosystems

.4

YetthefuIIeconomicpotentiaIofwomen)sentrepreneuriaIspiritremainsunrealised.Despitemodestimprovementsinrecentyears,theWorld

EconomicForumestimatestheglobalgendergapineconomicparticipationandopportunitytobe61%

.5

Atthecurrentrateofimprovement,itwouldtaketheworId)swomen152yearstoreacheconomicparity-five

generationsbeyondtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)targetof2030

.6

Theslowpaceofprogressisunderpinnedbyseveralparticular

challengesfacingwomen:unpaidcareresponsibilities,lackofbusiness

financing,reducedaccesstotechnologies,andpersonalsafetyconcerns.

Studiesshowthat,onaverage,womenspendthreetimesasmanyhoursas

1InternationalLabourOrganization.‘Self-Employed,Female(%ofFemaleEmployment)(ModeledILOEstimate)-Low&MiddleIncome).ILOSTAT.2024.

Link

2InternationalLabourOrganization.‘WorkingfromHome:FromInvisibilitytoDecentWork).2021.

Link

3WorldBank.‘GenderIndicatorsDatabase:Women'sParticipationinBusinessesandWorkforcebyEconomyandRegio)n.2023.

Link

4WorldBank.‘SmallandMediumEnterprises(SMEs)Finance).2019.

Link

5Pal,KusumKali,etal.‘GlobalGenderGapReport2024).WorldEconomicForum.2024.

Link

6Ibid.

CherieBlairFoundationforWomenAnnualAudit2024Introduction14

menundertakingunpaidcareresponsibilities

,7

time-consuminglabour

whichishighlycorrelatedwithlowerprofitsinbusinesses

.8

Atatimewhennewtechnologieslikee-commerce,digitalpayments,AIandcloud

computingaretransformingbusiness,265millionfewerwomenthanmenacrossLMICsareaccessingmobileinternet

.9

Inthefaceofstructural

disadvantages,itisnotsurprisingthat19%ofwomenfromLMICsin2023reportedhavingdiscontinuedtheirbusinessdueto“familyorpersonal

reasons”

.10

Asdigitaltechnologiesbecomemoreaccessibleandadvanced,thereare

growingexpectationsthatwomenentrepreneursinLMICswillreap

benefits,aswithmostbusinessesworldwide.Inarecentsurveyof136,000adultsacross46countries,exploringattitudes,perceptionsandactivities

relatedtoentrepreneurship,overhalfofwomenrespondentsreporteda

clearintentiontoadoptnewdigitaltechnologiesforbusinessgrowth

.11

Dependingonthenatureoftheirbusinesses,newtechnology-enabledtoolscouldsupportgrowthbyofferingcustomisedexperiencestonewand

existingcustomers,buildingalternativecreditscoresfromdigital

transactions,improvinginternalfinanceandhumanresourcesprocesses,andprovidingbespokeskillstrainingprogrammescateringtoabusiness’suniqueneeds.

Notwithstandingthepositiveexpectationsassociatedwiththesenew

technologies,notallbusinessesstandtobenefitequally

.12

Dependingon

wherewomenentrepreneurslive,theproductsorservicestheyoffer,the

clienteletheyse