2021學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高三年級(jí)模擬練習(xí)英語(yǔ)試卷(滿分140分考試時(shí)間120分鐘)I.ListeningprehensionSectionA(10分)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.8:00. B.10:00. C.12:00. D.14:00.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:It’s10o'clocknow.Let’ssendoutforsomethingtoeat.M:Buttheprojectisdueintwohours.Q:Whenshouldtheprojectbefinished?2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Areceptionist. B.Acleaner. C.Anelectrician. D.Acashier.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Ihaveareservationforasinglewithabath.W:We’resorry,butthesingleroomsarealloccupied.Q:Whatisprobablythewoman?3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Q:Whatcanbelearnedabouttherestaurant?A.Ithasearnedfivestars. B.Itisdecoratedwithstars.C.Itisnotverypopular. D.Itisremendedinthenewspaper.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Howaboutthisrestaurant?W:Thenewspaperonlygaveittwooutoffivestars.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Thejobofsellinghouses. B.Thepriceofthenewhouse.C.Thehouseowner’sparents. D.Theexperienceofthehouseowner.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Thisnewhousemustbeveryexpensive.M:Notreally.Theguywho’ssellingthehousehaslosthisjobandhehastomovetohisparents’.Q:Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Gotothetown. B.Tourthecampus.C.Giveaninterview. D.Visittheschoolclubs.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:YouwillbeinterviewedbyMr.BergeronMonday.Youshouldbedoneearlyonthisdaysoyoucantourourcampusandthetownatyourleisure.M:Thatsoundsgreat,butyourcolorfulschoolclubsaremoreappealingtome.Q:Whatwillthemanmostprobablydoathisleisure?6.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Embarrassed. B.Guilty. C.Satisfied. D.Annoyed.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:How'syournewgamemachine?W:Oh,don'tgetmegoing.ItcausedmenothingbuttroublesincethedayIboughtit.Q:Howdoesthewomanmostprobablyfeel?7.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Hehasfoundagoodjob. B.Thejobsearchisfrustrating.C.Hisresumeiswelldesigned. D.Hehastenjobstochoosefrom.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Martin!Howisthejobsearchgoing?M:Well,Ihavesentmyresumeandapplicationstoovertenplaces,andIhaveonlygottenoneinterview.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?8.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Ittakestoolongtowaitforthefood.B.It’sgoodtoorderfoodfromarestaurant.C.It’sconvenienttoorderinonarainyday.D.Itcostsmuchmoremoneytogoouttoeat.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:It’srainingheavilyoutside.Let’sorderin.W:Soundsgood.Butwe’llhavetowaitoverhalfanhourtogetourfood.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?9.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Heisthinkingofbuyingasecondhandcar.B.Heishavingathoroughcheckonthecar.CHeisdoubtingwhetherheshouldbuythecar.DHeisaskingsomeonetolookforabiggercar.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Soyou’vedecidedtobuythatracingcar,haven’tyou?M:Well,I’mhavingsecondthoughtsaboutthat.It’ssuchabigdecisionforme.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?10.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Hedoesn’tknowthequickestwaytotheairport.B.Hemaynotbeabletoarriveattheairportintime.C.Thetrafficistooheavyforhimtogettotheairport.D.Thewomanshouldarriveattheairport40minutesearlier.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Pleasetakemetotheairportquickly,orI’llmisstheplane.M:Idon’tknow,butI’lltry.Withthetrafficsoheavyitwilltakeatleastfortyminutes.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?SectionB(15分)Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.A.Whynotetakingisimportant. B.Howtotakenotes.C.Wheretoleavespacesandlines. D.Whattoolscanbeused.12.A.A.Mapping. B.Writing. C.Listening. D.Circling.13.A.Theyaremoreenjoyableandeasiertoread.B.Theycanhelptoaddsomeinformationlater.C.Theyareimportantfordoingjobsinthefuture.D.Theyareusefulingettingeverysinglewordsaid.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【解析】【原文】Today,let’sbeginwithnotetakingtechniques.Notetakingisanimportantskillnotonlyfortakingclasses,butalsofordoingyourjobinthefuture.I’dliketodrawyourattentiontocertainpointsabouttakingnotes.First,rememberthatnotetakingshouldbe75%listeningandonly25%writing,sodon’ttrytowritedowneverysinglewordthattheteachersays.Ignorewhatisunimportantandwriteinphrases,notpletesentences.Second,leavespacesandlinesbetweenmainideas.Youmaywanttoaddsomeinformationlater.Ifindthatsomeofyouareverygoodatmakinguseofcolor,mappingwebs,andsymbolssuchasarrows,circlesandboxes.Ihighlyremendthesetoolstoallofyou,becausetheuseofthemmakestheoutlinemoreeasilyreadableandinterestingthantheblocksoftext.Italsomakessurethatimportantwordsstandout.Questions:1.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?2.Accordingtothespeaker,whatactivityshouldwefocusonwhentakingnotes?3.Accordingtothespeaker,whyaretoolslikesymbolsremended?聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.A.Differenttypesofpollution. B.Someeffectsofpollution.C.Thepreventionofnoisepollution. D.Noiseisakindofpollution.15.A.Theycan’tbeheardallthetime.B.Theyarenotfamiliartomostpeople.C.Theyonlyexistintheremotecountryside.D.They’vebeeapartofourdailylife.16.A.Tofindoutallthesourcesofnoisepollution.B.Tobeemoresensibleofoursurroundings.C.Torealizetheimportanceofprotectingourselvesfromit.D.Tochangethewayofmakingnoiseinournormallife.【答案】14.D15.D16.C【解析】【原文】Ifyoupayattentiontothenews,youmostlikelyareveryfamiliarwiththefactthatpollutionisanissue.UncleanindustriessincetheIndustrialRevolutionhavepumpedmanydifferentpollutantsintoourenvironment.Noisepollutionissomethingthatisnotoftendiscussedbecauseitisdeeprootedinyournormaldaytodayroutine.Unlessyouliveintheremotecountryside,youaremostlikelyattackedbynoiseatallhoursoftheday;thesenoisesarewhatmakeupnoisepollution.Thesoundofyourairconditioner,streetnoisefromcars,aplaneflyingoverhead,andevenyourneighbormowingtheirlawnatthecrackofdawnareallsourcesofnoisepollution.Whilethesearealwayspresent,mostpeopletunethemoutandlivetheirdaynormally.Whileyoumaynotnoticethesenoises,yourearsdefinitelysensethem,andovertimenoisepollutioncanhaveharmfulimpactsonpublichealth.Understandinghownoisepollutionmayimpactyounegativelycanenableyoutounderstandwhyitisimportanttoprotectyourselffromsurroundingnoise.Questions:1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.Accordingtothepassage,whyisnoisepollutionalwaysneglectedbypeople?3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofunderstandingthenegativeimpactofnoisepollution?聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.A.Thebookstheyarereadingrecently. B.Abookclubthewomanremends.C.Themeetingthewomanwillattend. D.Astorythatthemanisinterestedin.18.A.Onceamonth. B.Onceaweek.C.Everyevening. D.Everytwoweeks.19.A.Sharesthoughtswithothers. B.Remendsittoothers.C.Arrangesameeting. D.Writesastoryherself.20.A.TheBeautifulMind B.PaperTownsC.TheGreatGatsby D.TheKiteRunner【答案】17.B18.A19.A20.D【解析】【原文】W:Hey,John.CanItalktoyouforaminute?M:Sure,what’sup?W:IwantedtoletyouknowaboutabookclubIjoinedafewmonthsago.Iknowyoudoalotofreading,soIthoughtyoumightwanttoewithmenextmonth.M:Oh,thatsoundslikefun.Whendoesthegroupmeet?W:UsuallythelastSaturdayofthemonthat7:30intheevening.Isthattoolateforyou?M:No,Ithinkthat’sokay.Whatdoyoutalkaboutinthegroup?W:Well,everymonthwechooseanewbook.Andthenduringthenextmeeting,wediscussit.M:Whatbookshaveyouread?W:Quitealot.RecentlywehavereadTheBeautifulMind,PaperTownsandTheGreatGatsby.NowwearereadingTheKiteRunner.M:TheKiteRunner?I’veheardthat’sagoodbook.Whatisitabout?W:It’sastoryaboutaboywhogrowsupinAfghanistanduringthe1980sandstrugglestofindhisplaceintheworldbecauseoftheresultsofaseriesofextremelyunpleasantchildhoodevents.M:Thatsoundsinteresting.I’dlovetoe.W:Great!Thenextmeetingwillbeheldintwoweeks,soyoustillhavetimetoreadthebook.M:OK.Questions:1.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?2.Howoftendoesthebookclubholdanactivity?3.Whatdoesthewomanusuallydoafterreadingabook?4.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthemangoingtoread?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,

useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WillRobotsTakeYourJobintheFuture?In2013,researchersatOxfordUniversitydidastudyonthefutureofwork.Theyconcludedthatalmostoneineverytwojobshaveahighriskof____21____(automate)bymachines.Machinelearningisthetechnologythat’sresponsibleformostofthissituation.It’sthemostpowerfulbranchofartificialintelligence.Itallowsmachinestolearnfromdataandimitatesomeofthethings____22____humanscando.Machinelearningstartedmakingitswayintoindustryintheearly1990s.Itstartedwithrelativelysimpletasks.Itstartedwiththings____23____assessingcreditriskfromloanapplications,sortingthemailbyreadinghandwrittencharactersfromzipcodes.Overthepastfewyears,we____24____(make)dramaticbreakthroughs.Machinelearningisnowcapableoffar,far____25____(plex)tasks.In2012,Kagglechallengeditsmunity____26____(build)analgorithm(算法)thatcouldgradehighschoolessays.Thewinningalgorithmswereabletomatchthegradesgivenbyhumanteachers.Now,____27____(give)therightdata,machinesaregoingtooutperformhumansattaskslikethis.Ateacher____28____read10,000essaysovera40yearcareer.Amachinecanreadmillionsofessayswithinminutes.Wehavenochanceofpetingagainstmachinesonfrequent,highvolumetasks.Buttherearethingswecandothatmachinescan’tdo.____29____machineshavemadeverylittleprogressisindealingwithnovelsituations.Theycan’thandlethingstheyhaven’tseenmanytimesbefore.Thefundamentallimitationofmachinelearningisthatitneedstolearnfromlargevolumesofpastdata.Now,humansdon’t.Wehavetheabilitytoconnectseeminglydifferentthreadstosolveproblemswe’veneverseenbefore.Machinescannotpetewithuswhenitestodealingwithnovelsituations,andthis_____30_____(put)afundamentallimitonthehumantasksthatmachineswillautomate.【答案】21.beingautomated22.that23.like24.havemade25.moreplex26.tobuild27.given28.may##might29.Where30.puts【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹未來(lái)機(jī)器人會(huì)取代你的工作嗎。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：他們得出的結(jié)論是，幾乎每?jī)煞莨ぷ髦芯陀幸环菥哂斜粰C(jī)器自動(dòng)化的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知，“almostoneineverytwojobs”與“automate”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需要被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。of后接動(dòng)名詞形式，所以填動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填beingautomated。【22題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：它允許機(jī)器從數(shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)并模仿人類可以做的一些事情。someofthethings為先行詞，作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞為that。故填that。【23題詳解】考查介詞。句意：它從像評(píng)估貸款申請(qǐng)的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開(kāi)始，通過(guò)閱讀郵政編碼中的手寫字符來(lái)分類郵件。根據(jù)句意可知，需填介詞like。故填like。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在過(guò)去幾年中，我們?nèi)〉昧司薮蟮耐黄啤８鶕?jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Overthepastfewyears可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填havemade。【25題詳解】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在能夠完成極其復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。根據(jù)上文的far以及句意可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填moreplex。【26題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意：2012年，Kaggle給當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校出了個(gè)難題，設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)算法來(lái)評(píng)判高中作文。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式tobuild作目狀語(yǔ)。故填tobuild。【27題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意：現(xiàn)在，如果被給與正確的數(shù)據(jù)，機(jī)器將在這樣的任務(wù)中勝過(guò)人類。本句為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與machines在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。所以用過(guò)去分詞。故填given。【28題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：一名教師在40年的職業(yè)生涯中可能閱讀10000篇論文。根據(jù)后文“Amachinecanreadmillionsofessayswithinminutes.”（一臺(tái)機(jī)器可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)閱讀數(shù)百萬(wàn)篇文章。）可知，此處是在做一種推斷，且沒(méi)有具體事實(shí)支撐，故可能性相對(duì)較小。故填may或者might。【29題詳解】考查副詞。句意：機(jī)器在處理新情況方面進(jìn)展甚微。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且缺少表示地點(diǎn)的連接詞where，故用副詞where引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。故填Where。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在處理新情況時(shí)，機(jī)器無(wú)法與我們競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，這對(duì)機(jī)器將自動(dòng)化的人工任務(wù)造成了根本限制。分析句子可知，上文的“cannot”和“es”都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處也需一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)為this，故此處填puts。故填puts。SectionB(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.paceB.registeredC.assessD.baselineE.reverseF.shiftingG.productionH.fundamentalI.pointingJ.invisibleK.acknowledgedChemicalPollutionHasPassedSafeGlobalLimitChemicalpollutionthreatensEarth’ssystemsbydamagingthebiologicalandphysicalprocessesthatsupportalllife.Forexample,pesticides(殺蟲(chóng)劑)wipeoutmanynontargetinsects,whichare____31____toallecosystemsand,therefore,tothesupplyofcleanair,waterandfood.“Therehasbeenanincrease50timesinthe____32____ofchemicalssince1950andthisisprojectedtobeethreetimesasmuchagainby2050,”saidPatricia,whowaspartofthestudyteam.“The____33____thatsocietiesareproducingandreleasingnewchemicalsintotheenvironmentisnotinagreementwithstayingwithinasafeoperatingspaceforhumanity.”Determiningwhetherchemicalpollutionhascrossedaplanetaryborderisplexbecausethereisnoprehuman____34____,unlikewiththeclimatecrisisandthepreindustriallevelofCO2intheatmosphere.Thereareahugenumberofchemicalpounds____35____foruse—about350,000—andonlyatinyproportionofthesehavebeenassessedforsafety.Sotheresearchusedabinationofmeasurementsto____36____thesituation.Theseincludedtherateofproductionofchemicals,whichisrisingrapidly,andtheirreleaseintotheenvironment,whichishappeningmuchfasterthantheabilityofauthoritiestotracktheeffects.Thewellknownnegativeeffectsofsomechemicalswerealsopartoftheassessment.Thescientists____37____thatthedatawaslimitedinmanyareas,butsaidtheweightofevidencepointedtoabreakoftheplanetaryboundary.“There’sevidencethatthingsare____38____inthewrongdirectioneverystepoftheway,”saidProfBethanieCarneyAlmroth,whowaspartoftheteam.“Forexample,thetotalmassofplasticsnowisgreaterthanthetotalmassofalllivingmammals(哺乳動(dòng)物).Thattomeisaprettyclearindicationthatwe’vecrossedaborder.We’reintrouble,buttherearethingswecandoto____39____someofthis.”Patriciasaidthat____40____toacirculareconomywasreallyimportantandthatmeantchangingmaterialsandproductssotheycanbereused.”【答案】31.H32.G33.A34.D35.B36.C37.K38.I39.E40.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述的是化學(xué)污染已超過(guò)全球安全限度的事實(shí)。解決該問(wèn)題應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)向循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。【31題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：例如，殺蟲(chóng)劑消滅了許多非目標(biāo)昆蟲(chóng)，這些昆蟲(chóng)是所有生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)，因此是清潔空氣、水和食物供應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫形容詞作表語(yǔ)。根據(jù)空后的tothesupplyofcleanair,waterandfood可知，這些昆蟲(chóng)是所有生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)。fundamental為形容詞，意為“基礎(chǔ)的”，符合句意。故選H。【32題詳解】考查名詞。句意：自1950年以來(lái)，化學(xué)品的產(chǎn)量增加了50倍，預(yù)計(jì)到2050年，這一數(shù)字將再增加三倍。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫名詞作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)空前的increase50times，表示的是產(chǎn)量增加。production為名詞，意為“產(chǎn)量”，符合句意，故選G。【33題詳解】考查名詞。句意：各個(gè)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)和向環(huán)境釋放新化學(xué)品的速度不符合人類在一個(gè)安全操作空間內(nèi)的要求。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫名詞做主語(yǔ)。句中的that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)設(shè)空處的“速度”進(jìn)行解釋。pace是名詞，意為“速度，步伐”，符合題意。故選A。【34題詳解】考查名詞。句意：確定化學(xué)污染是否跨越了地球的邊界是很復(fù)雜的，因?yàn)榕c氣候危機(jī)和工業(yè)化前大氣中的二氧化碳水平不同，在人類出現(xiàn)之前是沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的衡量基準(zhǔn)的。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫名詞做表語(yǔ)。根據(jù)前文的aplanetaryborder以及后文的thepreindustriallevel可知，此處應(yīng)該并列的是“底線，準(zhǔn)則”。baseline為名詞，意為“底線”，符合題意。故選D。【35題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：登記使用的化合物數(shù)量龐大，約有35萬(wàn)種，其中只有很小一部分經(jīng)過(guò)了安全評(píng)估。句中的are為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。register為動(dòng)詞，意為“登記，注冊(cè)”，其過(guò)去分詞為registered，故選B。【36題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：因此，該研究使用了多種測(cè)量方法來(lái)評(píng)估情況。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處與to構(gòu)成todo不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。assess為動(dòng)詞，意為“評(píng)估”，符合句意。故選C。【37題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：科學(xué)家們承認(rèn)，在許多領(lǐng)域的數(shù)據(jù)是有限的，但他們表示，證據(jù)的重要性指向了地球邊界的突破。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。同時(shí)句子描述的是過(guò)去的事實(shí)，故應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。acknowledge為動(dòng)詞，意為“承認(rèn)，熟知”，其過(guò)去式acknowledged，符合句意。故選K。【38題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：這里有證據(jù)表明，每一步都在朝著錯(cuò)誤的方向發(fā)展。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處與are構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。point為動(dòng)詞，意為“指向”，現(xiàn)在分詞為pointing。符合句意。故選I。【39題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我們陷入了困境，但我們可以做一些事情來(lái)扭轉(zhuǎn)一些局面。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫動(dòng)詞與空前的to構(gòu)成todo不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)居中的but可知前后的內(nèi)容是轉(zhuǎn)折的即我們可以做一些事情來(lái)扭轉(zhuǎn)當(dāng)前的局面。reverse為動(dòng)詞，意為“轉(zhuǎn)變，扭轉(zhuǎn)”，符合句意。故選E。【40題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：轉(zhuǎn)向循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)非常重要，這意味著改變材料和產(chǎn)品，，以便它們可以被重復(fù)利用。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)空后的changingmaterialsandproducts可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該表達(dá)的是“轉(zhuǎn)向循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)”，才能解決該問(wèn)題。shift為動(dòng)詞，意為“轉(zhuǎn)變，改變”，其動(dòng)名詞為shifting，符合句意，故選F。III.ReadingprehensionSectionA(15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Fearofpublicspeakingisthesinglemostmonphobia(恐怖癥).Nearly75%ofpeopleadmitto____41____this,soyouaren’taloneinyourfear.Itcanrangefromslight____42____toanearlyparalyzing(癱瘓性的)fearandpanic.Formanypeople,thisfearissogreatthattheyavoidpublicspeakingsituationsaltogether.However,whatifyoucan’tavoidit?Whatifyourjobrequiresyoutospeakinfrontofothersfromtimetotime?____43____,whatifyouaretryingtoearnapromotion?Youcertainlydon’twanttobe____44____duetoaninabilitytospeakinpublic.Hereareafewthingsyoucandotomanageandreduceyourpublicspeakinganxiety.PracticeRelaxationTechniquesWhenyouarefacinganunfortablesituation,yourbodyautomaticallyexperiencesincreased____45____activitysuchasafastheartbeat,difficultybreathing,andtensioninyourmuscles.Youcanrelaxyourbodyandreducethese____46____withavarietyoftechniques.Deepbreathingcanhelpyoucalmyourbody.Youshouldpracticerelaxationtechniquespriortoanypublicspeaking.____47____PrepareThebetteryouknowyourtopic,thelesslikelyyouwillmakeamistake.Oftentimes,theanxietyassociatedwithpublicspeakingesfromfearof____48____.That’swhyitissoimportanttospendplentyoftimepreparingyourself.____49____yourselfasmuchaspossiblewiththetopicsoyouhaveathoroughunderstandingofwhatyouarepresenting.Then,practiceyourspeechseveraltimessoyouarefortablewiththeentire____50____.Youshouldpracticeinfrontofpeopleandaskfor____51____.Notonlywillthishelpyoubeemoreconfidentspeakinginfrontofothers,butthefeedbackcanhelpyouimproveyourspeakingskillssoyoubeeevenmoreconfident.____52____YourWorriesandHowYouCanConquerThemWhenyou’reafraidofsomething,youmayoverestimatehowoftenbadthingswillhappen.Agoodexerciseistowritedownyour____53____worries.Forexample,forgettingyourmaterial,losingyourplace,technicaldifficulties,aquestionyoucan’tanswer,aboredaudience.Onceyouhavewrittendowneachworry,notedowna(n)____54____solutionforeachone.Knowingyouhavea____55____inplaceshouldthingsgowrongwillhelpyoufeelmoresecureaboutyourpresentation.41.A.causing B.experiencing C.dominating D.spreading42.A.distress B.forgetfulness C.injury D.nervousness43.A.Furthermore B.Therefore C.Nevertheless D.Meanwhile44.A.rebelled B.insulted C.dismissed D.overlooked45.A.physiological B.beneficial C.incredible D.physical46.A.risks B.pressures C.symptoms D.accidents47.A.Specially B.Adequately C.Gradually D.Secretly48.A.showingoff B.runningout C.messingup D.slowingdown49.A.Familiarize B.Equip C.Content D.Examine50.A.preparation B.operation C.occasion D.presentation51.A.success B.encouragement C.feedback D.trust52.A.Forget B.Express C.Share D.Identify53.A.health B.considerable C.specific D.unnecessary54.A.easy B.probable C.fair D.technical55.A.plan B.question C.lesson D.topic【答案】41.B42.D43.A44.D45.A46.C47.B48.C49.A50.D51.C52.D53.C54.B55.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。很多人在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合演講會(huì)有害怕的感覺(jué)，害怕程度因人而異，文章介紹了三個(gè)有助于管理和減少公眾演講焦慮的方法。【41題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：近75%的人承認(rèn)自己有過(guò)這樣的經(jīng)歷，所以你并不孤單。A.causing導(dǎo)致；B.experiencing經(jīng)歷；C.dominating支配；D.spreading傳播。根據(jù)上文“Fearofpublicspeakingisthesinglemostmonphobia(恐怖癥).(害怕公開(kāi)演講是最常見(jiàn)的恐懼癥)”，以及后一句“Itcanrangefromslight2toanearlyparalyzing(癱瘓性的)fearandpanic.(它可以是輕微的緊張，也可以是近乎癱瘓的恐懼和恐慌。)”可知，在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合演講會(huì)有害怕的感覺(jué)，75%的人經(jīng)歷過(guò)，但各自的害怕程度不一。experiencing符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。【42題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它可以是輕微的緊張，也可以是近乎癱瘓的恐懼和恐慌。A.distress憂慮；B.forgetfulness健忘；C.injury受傷；D.nervousness緊張。根據(jù)上文“Nearly75%ofpeopleadmitto1this,soyouaren’taloneinyourfear.(近75%的人承認(rèn)自己有過(guò)這樣的經(jīng)歷，所以你并不孤單。)”可知，很多人會(huì)對(duì)在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合演講這事感覺(jué)害怕，每個(gè)人的害怕程度因人而異，有的人只是有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)緊張的，有的則緊張得無(wú)法動(dòng)彈；nervousness符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。【43題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，如果你想獲得晉升呢？A.Furthermore此外，而且；B.Therefore因此；C.Nevertheless然而；D.Meanwhile同時(shí)。根據(jù)上文“However,whatifyoucan’tavoidit?Whatifyourjobrequiresyoutospeakinfrontofothersfromtimetotime?(然而，如果你無(wú)法避免呢？如果你的工作需要你時(shí)不時(shí)地在別人面前講話，你該怎么辦？)”可知，你的工作需要你得時(shí)不時(shí)在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合演講，furthermore，用于支持或擴(kuò)展之前的陳述，要想在工作中得到晉升，就得不怕在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合演講。furthermore符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。【44題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你當(dāng)然不想因?yàn)闆](méi)有在公共場(chǎng)合發(fā)言的能力而被忽視。A.rebelled反叛；B.insulted侮辱；C.dismissed駁回；D.overlooked忽視，忽略。根據(jù)上文“Formanypeople,thisfearissogreatthattheyavoidpublicspeakingsituationsaltogether.(對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，這種恐懼是如此之大，以至于他們完全避免公開(kāi)演講。)”可知，很多人因?yàn)楹ε拢瑥牟辉诠_(kāi)場(chǎng)合演講，這樣的人沒(méi)有存在感，容易被“忽視（overlooked）”。故選D項(xiàng)。【45題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你面對(duì)不舒服的突發(fā)情況時(shí)，你的身體會(huì)無(wú)意識(shí)地體驗(yàn)到增加的生理活動(dòng)，如心跳加快、呼吸困難和肌肉緊張。A.physiological生理的；B.beneficial有益的；C.incredible令人難以置信的；D.physical身體的。根據(jù)句中的“suchasafastheartbeat,difficultybreathing,andtensioninyourmuscles”可知，心跳加速，呼吸困難，肌肉緊張都屬于因?yàn)橥话l(fā)事件導(dǎo)致的人體的“生理（physiological）”變化。故選A項(xiàng)。【46題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你可以通過(guò)各種方法放松身體，減輕這些癥狀。A.risks風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；B.pressures壓力；C.symptoms癥狀；D.accidents事故。根據(jù)上文“Whenyouarefacinganunfortablesituation,yourbodyautomaticallyexperiencesincreased5activitysuchasafastheartbeat,difficultybreathing,andtensioninyourmuscles.(當(dāng)你面對(duì)不舒服的突發(fā)情況時(shí)，你的身體會(huì)無(wú)意識(shí)地體驗(yàn)到增加了的生理活動(dòng)，如心跳加快、呼吸困難和肌肉緊張。)”可知，練習(xí)放松技巧可以使“afastheartbeat,difficultybreathing,andtensioninyourmuscles”這些“癥狀（symptoms）”減輕。故選C項(xiàng)。【47題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：準(zhǔn)備充分。A.Specially特別地；B.Adequately充分地；C.Gradually逐漸地；D.Secretly秘密地。此題考查小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文“Thebetteryouknowyourtopic,thelesslikelyyouwillmakeamistake.Oftentimes,theanxietyassociatedwithpublicspeakingesfromfearof8.That’swhyitissoimportanttospendplentyoftimepreparingyourself.”可知，要想成功演講，要在演講前多花時(shí)間，多多了解演講主題，做“足（Adequately）”準(zhǔn)備工作。故選B項(xiàng)。【48題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：通常，與在公共場(chǎng)合演講相關(guān)的焦慮來(lái)自于害怕搞砸。A.showingoff炫耀；B.runningout用完，耗盡；C.messingup陷入困境，搞砸；D.slowingdown減速。根據(jù)前一句“Thebetteryouknowyourtopic,thelesslikelyyouwillmakeamistake.(你對(duì)你的主題越了解，你犯錯(cuò)誤的可能性就越小。)”，害怕犯錯(cuò)，即害怕把演講“搞砸（messingup）”了，會(huì)導(dǎo)致焦慮。故選C項(xiàng)。【49題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡可能讓自己熟悉主題，這樣你就能透徹理解你要展示的內(nèi)容。A.Familiarize使熟悉；B.Equip裝備；C.Content使?jié)M意；D.Examine檢查。根據(jù)后半句“soyouhaveathoroughunderstandingofwhatyouarepresenting.”可知，透徹理解演講內(nèi)容是建立在熟悉演講主題的基礎(chǔ)上的。Familiarize符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。【50題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，把你的演講練習(xí)幾次，這樣你就會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)演講展示感到舒服。A.preparation準(zhǔn)備；B.operation操作； C.occasion場(chǎng)合；D.presentation展示。此處指正式演講前，你得熟悉一下演講內(nèi)容和流程，即對(duì)“整個(gè)展示（presentation）”做到心中有數(shù)。故選D項(xiàng)。.【51題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你應(yīng)該在人們面前練習(xí)并尋求反饋。A.success成功；B.encouragement鼓勵(lì)；C.feedback反饋；D.trust信任。根據(jù)下文“Notonlywillthishelpyoubeemoreconfidentspeakinginfrontofothers,butthefeedbackcanhelpyouimproveyourspeakingskillssoyoubeeevenmoreconfident.(這不僅會(huì)讓你在別人面前更自信，而且反饋也可以幫助你提高你的演講技巧，讓你變得更自信。)”，此句中的feedback為復(fù)現(xiàn)詞，通過(guò)在別人面前試著演講，并得以反饋。故選C項(xiàng)。【52題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：確定你的擔(dān)憂以及如何克服它們。A.Forget忘記；B.Express表達(dá)；C.Share分享；D.Identify確認(rèn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)。此處考查小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文“Onceyouhavewrittendowneachworry,notedowna(n)14solutionforeachone.(一旦你寫下了每一個(gè)擔(dān)憂，為每一個(gè)問(wèn)題寫下一個(gè)可能的解決方案。)”可知，寫下?lián)鷳n的事，即“確認(rèn)(Identify)”令你擔(dān)憂的事，故選D項(xiàng)。【53題詳解】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)很好的練習(xí)就是寫下你的具體擔(dān)憂。A.health健康；B.considerable相當(dāng)大的；C.specific具體的；D.unnecessary不必要的。根據(jù)下文“Forexample,forgettingyourmaterial,losingyourplace,technicaldifficulties,aquestionyoucan’tanswer,aboredaudience.(例如，忘記你的材料，失去你的位置，技術(shù)困難，一個(gè)你無(wú)法回答的問(wèn)題，一個(gè)無(wú)聊的觀眾。)”可知，這些都是“具體的（specific）”擔(dān)憂。故選C項(xiàng)。【54題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一旦你寫下了每一個(gè)擔(dān)憂，為每一個(gè)問(wèn)題寫下一個(gè)可能的解決方案。A.easy容易的；B.probable可能的；C.fair公平的；D.technical技術(shù)的。寫下的每個(gè)在演講中擔(dān)心會(huì)遇到的具體的問(wèn)題，要想見(jiàn)招拆招，得預(yù)先擬定相應(yīng)的解決措施，但也只是“可能”的解決措施，因?yàn)榍拔摹癢henyou’reafraidofsomething,youmayoverestimatehowoftenbadthingswillhappen.(當(dāng)你害怕某事時(shí)，你可能會(huì)高估壞事發(fā)生的頻率。)”,可能這些事都不會(huì)發(fā)生。故選B項(xiàng)。【55題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：知道自己已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)計(jì)劃，以防出錯(cuò)，這會(huì)讓你對(duì)自己的演講更有把握的。A.plan計(jì)劃；B.question問(wèn)題；C.lesson教訓(xùn)；D.topic話題。根據(jù)上文“Onceyouhavewrittendowneachworry,notedowna(n)14solutionforeachone.(一旦你寫下了每一個(gè)擔(dān)憂，為每一個(gè)問(wèn)題寫下一個(gè)可能的解決方案。)”可知，萬(wàn)一在演講中出了岔子，每一個(gè)擔(dān)憂的事，都有應(yīng)對(duì)措施，即有解決這些擔(dān)憂的“計(jì)劃”。故選A項(xiàng)。SectionB(22分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Otters,arecute,thisnoonecandeny.Theyhavebigeyes,shortandflatnosesandclaws(爪子)liketinyhands.Theylookevencuterwhentheywearhatsandthrowfoodballsintotheirmouthsasiftheywerebarsnacks,likeTakechiyo,apetotterinJapan.DocumentingTakechiyo’sfunnybehaviorhasearnedhisownernearly230,000followersonInstagram,aphotosharingapp.Takechiyo’sfamereflectsacrazeacrosseastandSouthEastAsiaforkeepingthecutecreaturesaspets.EnthusiastsinJapanvisitcaféswheretheypaytohugthem;Indonesianownersparadetheirpetsaroundonleadsorgoswimmingwiththem,thensharetheirpicturesonline.Buttheseenjoyablephotosmaskatradethatisdoingalotofdamage.Evenbeforetheybecamefashionablepanionsforhumans,Asia’swildottersfacedplentyofthreats.Theirhabitatsaredisappearing.Theyhavelongbeenhuntedfortheircoats,orkilledbyfarmerswhowishtopreventthemconsumingfishes.Thepettrade,whichbeganpickingupintheearly2000sbutappearedtospeedupafewyearsago,hasmadethingsworse.ThenumbersofwildAsiansmallclawedottersandsmoothcoatedotters,twospeciesthatareinhighestdemand,havedeclinedbyatleast30%inthethreedecadesto2019.Theinternationalagreementthatgovernstradeinwildlife,knownasCITES,nowprohibitscrossbordertradeinthesespecies.Butlawsbanningownershipareoftenpoorlyimplemented,asinThailand,orfullofholes,asinIndonesia.Andtheotterkeepingcrazehasbeendramaticallyimprovedbytheinternet,saysVincentNijmanofOxfordBrookesUniversity.In2017TRAFFIC,aBritishcharitythatmonitorsthewildlifetrade,spentnearlyfivemonthslookingatFac