Unit1Buildupyourvocabulary習(xí)題檢測一、漢譯英（單詞/短語）1.極為惡劣的________adj.________adv.2.天賦；天才________n.________adj.3.生動的；鮮明的________adj.________adv.4.認購；訂購________v.________n.5.證據(jù)；證明________vt.________n.6.穩(wěn)定的；平穩(wěn)的________adj.________adv.7.思想；思維________n.________v.8.保衛(wèi)；防守________n.________v.9.感染________vt.________n.________adj.10.沮喪________n.________v.________adj.【答案】1．severeseverely2．giftgifted3．vividvividly4．subscribesubscription5．proveproof6．steadysteadily7．thinkingthink8．defence(se)defend9．infectinfectioninfectious10．frustrationfrustratefrustrated【解析】1．“極為惡劣的”形容詞，為severe，其副詞為severely，故填severe②severely。2．“天賦；天才”名詞，為gift，其形容詞為gifted，故填①gift②gifted。3．“生動的；鮮明的”形容詞，為vivid，其副詞為vividly，故填①vivid②vividly。4．“認購；訂購”動詞，為subscribe，其名詞為subscription，故填①subscribe②subscription。5．“證據(jù)；證明”動詞，為prove，其名詞為proof，故填①prove②proof。6．“穩(wěn)定的；平穩(wěn)的”形容詞，為steady，其副詞為steadily，故填①steady②steadily。7．“思想；思維”名詞，為thinking，其動詞為think，故填①thinking②think。8．“保衛(wèi)；防守”名詞，為defence(se)，其動詞為defend，故填①defence(se)②defend。9．“感染”動詞，為infect，其名詞為infection，其形容詞為infectious，故填①infect②infection③infectious。10．“沮喪”名詞，為frustration，其動詞為frustrate，其形容詞為frustrated。故填①frustration②frustrate③frustrated。二、用單詞的適當形式完成句子11．Theyworriedaboutthe________(純凈)oftapwater.【答案】purity【解析】考查名詞。句意：他們擔心自來水的純度。分析可知，空處由定冠詞the修飾，應(yīng)填不可數(shù)名詞purity，表示“純度”，作介詞about的賓語。故填purity。12．Weshouldwearamasktoprotectourselvesfromvarious________(病毒).【答案】viruses【解析】考查名詞。句意：我們應(yīng)該戴上口罩來保護自己免受各種病毒的侵害。根據(jù)漢意提示，應(yīng)為名詞virus作賓語，且根據(jù)空前形容詞“various”可知，應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。故填viruses。13．The__________(顯微鏡)makesitpossibleforustoseeanewdimensionoflife.【答案】microscope【解析】考查名詞。句意：顯微鏡使我們有可能看到生命的新維度。“顯微鏡”為名詞microscope作主語，由makes可知，應(yīng)用單數(shù)，故填microscope。14．Inreality,diversityinbusinesscomesaboutwhenyouapplydifferent________(思維)styles.【答案】thinking【解析】考查名詞。句意：實際上，當你運用不同的思維方式時，商業(yè)上的多樣性就產(chǎn)生了。根據(jù)漢語提示可知應(yīng)填名詞thinking，作定語修飾styles。故填thinking。15．Accordingtothestatistics,mostpeopleconsumefarmore________(蛋白質(zhì))thantheyactuallyneed.【答案】protein【解析】考查名詞。句意：根據(jù)統(tǒng)計，大多數(shù)人攝入的蛋白質(zhì)遠遠超過他們實際需要的。“蛋白質(zhì)”在句中作賓語，用名詞protein，句中是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)。故填protein。三、用適當?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的適當形式填空16．Isuspect______Emilywaslyingwhenshedescribedtheincident,forIknowherwell.【答案】that【解析】考查賓語從句連接詞。句意：艾米麗描述這件事的時候我懷疑她在撒謊，因為我很了解她。分析句意可知，此處需要使用連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句。而從句Emilywaslying“艾米麗在撒謊”是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，不缺成分，故使用只起到連接作用的連詞that，不做成分，沒有含義符合語境。故填that。17．Anaircraftovershottherunwayandwas__________(severe)damaged.【答案】severely【解析】考查副詞。句意：一架飛機沖出跑道，嚴重受損。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處要使用副詞修飾動詞作狀語，故填severely。18．Severalmoredayswentbyandtheyoungman’s_______________(frustrate)increased.【答案】frustration【解析】考查名詞。句意：又過了幾天，年輕人越來越沮喪。分析句子并結(jié)合空前的名詞所有格man’s可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞作主語，frustration沮喪，挫敗，不可數(shù)名詞。故填frustration。19．Theyarecomfortingthelittleboy__________(blame)bytheirteachernow.【答案】blamed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們正在安慰那個被老師責備的小男孩。句子謂語為comfort，設(shè)空處考查非謂語動詞，blame與邏輯主語thelittleboy之間為動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，作后置定語。故填blamed。20．Theproblem,unless________(handle)properly,mayleadtomisunderstandingbetweenthetwosides.【答案】handled【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這個問題，除非處理得當，否則可能會導(dǎo)致雙方之間的誤解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句已有謂語動詞maylead，所以handle用非謂語形式，Theproblem和handle之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞表被動。故填handled。21．Throughthedoctor’sefforts,thenumberofpeoplewhosufferedfromcholera___________________(decrease)significantlybytheendoflastcentury.【答案】haddecreased【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：通過醫(yī)生的努力，到上世紀末，患霍亂的人數(shù)已顯著減少。根據(jù)后文bytheendoflastcentury可知表示過去的過去應(yīng)用過去完成時。故填haddecreased。22．Ibelieveshewouldtransformme________atalker.【答案】into【解析】考查介詞。句意：我相信她會把我變成一個健談的人。o...“把……變成……”是固定短語。故填into。23．Whatthecamerashowedwassopowerful_________thecity’shealthofficialsstartedtodosomething.【答案】that【解析】考查結(jié)果狀語從句。句意：攝像機所顯示的是如此強大，以至于城市的衛(wèi)生官員開始采取行動。分析句子可知，此處為連詞so…that…“如此……以至于”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，滿足句意要求。故填that。24．Itisdevelopingat_____aspeedthatnoonecanimaginewhatitwillbelikeinthefuture.【答案】such【解析】考查固定句型。句意：它的發(fā)展速度如此之快，以至于沒有人能想象它將來會是什么樣子。此處為固定句型：such+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that從句，such修飾名詞aspeed。故填such。25．Iwonderhow________(apply)tobeamemberofthisclub.【答案】toapply【解析】考查動詞不定式。句意：我想知道如何申請成為這個俱樂部的一員。根據(jù)句中謂語動詞“wonder”可知，空處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞；根據(jù)“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”的用法可知，空處應(yīng)用動詞不定式toapply，“howtoapply...”在句中作賓語。故填toapply。四、閱讀理解A(浙江省2023年1月高考)AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安裝)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(傳粉昆蟲).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.26．Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?A．Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy.B．Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.C．Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms.D．Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.27．WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A．Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.B．Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C．Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.28．Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A．Toconservepollinators. B．Torestrictsolardevelopment.C．Todiversifytheeconomy. D．Toensurethesupplyofenergy.29．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStay. B．SolarEnergy:HopefortheFuture.C．InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgriculture. D．SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment.【答案】26．B27．C28．A29．D【解析】本文是一篇說明文。介紹的是用一種更加友好的方式建立一種新型的太陽能農(nóng)場，這種新型的農(nóng)場更有利于保護各種傳粉昆蟲，從而促進農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.(通常，他們最終會用小石頭填滿該地區(qū)，并使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)來控制雜草。結(jié)果是，許多社區(qū)，特別是在農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)，將太陽能農(nóng)場視為土壤的破壞者。)”可知，太陽能開發(fā)者采用不環(huán)保的方式處理太陽能板安裝后產(chǎn)生的問題，導(dǎo)致人們把太陽能農(nóng)場看作是土壤的破壞者，由此可以推斷，開發(fā)者在安裝太陽能板后忽略了其帶來的負面影響。故選B項。27．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影響”太陽能開發(fā)的實用方法，其重點是以對土地更友好的方式建立和運營太陽能農(nóng)場。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和運營太陽能農(nóng)場，也就是使得太陽能農(nóng)場更加環(huán)保。故選C項。28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.(超過28個州通過了與傳粉媒介棲息地保護和農(nóng)藥使用有關(guān)的法律。)”可知，這些法律都是與保護傳粉者棲息地和農(nóng)藥使用相關(guān)，所以這些法律的目的是保護授粉者。故選A項。29．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.(在過去的幾年里，許多太陽能農(nóng)場開發(fā)商將太陽能電池板下的空間改造成各種傳粉媒介的庇護所，從而改善了土壤并減少了碳排放。)”可知，現(xiàn)在的太陽能農(nóng)場在過去的幾年里已經(jīng)得到了很大的發(fā)展，更重要的是太陽能農(nóng)場也變得更加的環(huán)保，這將是未來發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)的新趨勢，再結(jié)合全文對太陽農(nóng)場的發(fā)展過程的介紹可以判斷，本文主題是介紹太陽能農(nóng)場。故選D項。B七選五(2023陜西商洛統(tǒng)考三模)Virtually,thereisnothingthatmancannotdo.Onlywhathehastodoiskeepdoinganddoingwithoutbeingdiscouraged.Successwillcomesomedayorother,thoughitmayapparentlybetheconceptionaboutsomethingthatitcannotbedone.30Buttherealityisthatman’ssuccessdependsonwhetherhecandothetoughesttaskssuccessfully.Itisbecauseourlifeiscomplicatedandtough.Andtosucceedinthistoughbattle,perseveranceandhardworkareamust31.Wecanprovethisfactwhenwelookattherealityoflifeandthehistoryofman’ssuccess.Perseverancehelpsusdowhatweotherwisewouldconsiderimpossibletodo.Whattheworld-famousscientistSirIsaacNewtonhaddonebytwelveyears’constanthardworkwasburntoutbyhispetdog.Butthatcouldnotdiscouragehimalittle.32Itisonlyforhisundefeatedperseverancethat’wehavebeenabletohavemanyinventionsanddiscoveries.33Hewentthroughthickandthintoreachhisdestinationaftermonthsofthestrenuousvoyageonthesea.HediscoveredthewayfromSpaintoAmericaandofferedtheworldanewrouteofcommunicationwithAmerica.Thisoutcomeofhisperseverancewillbegeneratedbytheworldforever.Allthegreatmeninhistoryhavewrittentheirnamesingoldenlettersbymeansofperseverance.34Ifweallareperseverantinwhateverwedo,wearesuretostandoutasasuccessfulnationinthenearfuture.A．Everyactionhasitsreaction.B．Itisauniquepreconditiontosuccessinlife.C．Inhumanlife,perseveranceplaysaveryimportantrole.D．Theirsuccesswillalwaysremainasperfectexamplestous.E．Columbushasleftusanadventurousstoryofperseverance.F．Thetaskthatiseasilydoneatthefirstattemptisundoubtedlyveryeasy.G．Hewasabletodoitagainthroughyearsofhardworkandperseverance.【答案】30．F31．B32．G33．E34．D【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章通過列舉牛頓、哥倫布的經(jīng)歷，論述了在通向成功的路上堅持不懈的重要性。30．根據(jù)下文“Buttherealityisthatman’ssuccessdependsonwhetherhecandothetoughesttaskssuccessfully.(但現(xiàn)實是，人的成功取決于他是否能成功地完成最艱巨的任務(wù))”可知，此處說明人的成功在于完成最難的任務(wù)，F(xiàn)項“Thetaskthatiseasilydoneatthefirstattemptisundoubtedlyveryeasy.(第一次嘗試容易完成的任務(wù)無疑是非常容易的)”與下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，話題與tasks的難易有關(guān)，故選F項。31．根據(jù)上文“Andtosucceedinthistoughbattle,perseveranceandhardworkareamust.(要在這場艱苦的戰(zhàn)斗中取得勝利，毅力和努力是必須的)”可知，此處說明了毅力和努力是人生成功的必要條件，B項“Itisauniquepreconditiontosuccessinlife.(這是人生成功的唯一先決條件)”能夠銜接上文，B項中的it指代上文中“毅力和努力”這一必要條件，上下文銜接連貫，故選B項。32．根據(jù)上文“Whattheworld-famousscientistSirIsaacNewtonhaddonebytwelveyear