Unit4ExploringliteratureWelcometotheunit&Reading(I)易益湖南省岳陽市第十五中學易益“一師一優課一課一名師”部級優課湖南省五市十校教學比武一等獎岳陽市金鶚杯市直一等獎湖南省微課大賽二等獎WaysofdevelopingparagraphsHowtoorganizeaparagraph?WaysExampleTimeClassificationComparisonandcontrastABCDECauseandeffectParagraphdevelopmentbytime2.heard1.walked3.explainedTip:Signalwordssuchasimmediately,soon,afterawhile,finally,then,later,previouslyandformerlyareoftenusedtoshowtheorderoftime.ParagraphdevelopmentbyexampleExampleParagraphdevelopmentbyexampleTip:Signalwordssuchasforexample,forinstance,likeandtoillustrateareoftenusedtoindicateanexample.

ExampleParagraphdevelopmentbyclassificationpermanence12Tip:Sentencestructuressuchasbedividedinto,beclassifiedaccordingtoandbecategorizedbyareoftenusedtoshowclassification.Wordslikeelements,categories,kinds,aspectscanalsobefindinthistypeofparagraphdevelopment.ParagraphdevelopmentbycomparisonandcontrastComparisonandcontrastSimilaritiesDifferencesForeveryone,homeisaplacetobeoffstage.Butthecomfortofhomecanhaveoppositeandincompatiblemeaningsforwomenandmen.Formanymen,thecomfortofhomemeansfreedomfromhavingtoprovethemselvesandimpressthroughverbaldisplay.Atlast,theyareinasituationwheretalkisnotrequired.Theyarefreetoremainsilent.Butforwomen,homeisaplacewheretheyarefreetotalk,andwheretheyfeelthegreatestneedfortalk,withthosetheyareclosestto.Forthem,thecomfortofhomemeansthefreedomtotalkwithoutworryingabouthowtheirtalkwillbejudged.—“Putdownthatpaperandtalktome!”,byDeborahTannenParagraphdevelopmentbycomparisonandcontrastwomen:freetotalkmen:freetoremainsilentTip:Signalwordssuchasbut,yet,ontheotherhand,however,nevertheless,onthecontrary,bycomparison

andcomparedto

areoftenusedtoindicatecomparisonandcontrast.ParagraphdevelopmentbycauseandeffectTeachingisthemostdifficultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving.Forme,teachingisared-eye,sweaty-palmandsinking-stomachprofession.Red-eye,becauseIneverfeelreadytoteachnomatterhowlateIstayuppreparing.Sweaty-palm,becauseI’malwaysnervousbeforeIentertheclassroom,surethatIwillbefoundoutforthefoolIam.Sinking-stomach,becauseIleavetheclassroomanhourlaterconvincedthatIwasevenmoreboringthanusual.Tip:Signalwordssuchasbecause,for,since,forthesamereason,thereforeandasaresultareoftenusedtoshowcauseandeffect.Therearemanydifferentformsofexercisestosuitdifferenttastes.Forexample,thosewhoenjoycompetitivesportsmaytakeupballgames.Foranotherexample,forthosewhoprefertoexercisealone,theycangorunningortakeawalkinthemorningorintheevening.Inshort,nomatterwhattheirinterestsare,peoplecanalwaysfindmorethanonesportthatissuitableforthem.ExampleIdentifythepatternsusedtoorganizethefollowingparagraphs.PracticeEveryyearmoreandmorestudentsareseekingadmissiontoBlakeCollegeandthereareseveralreasonsforitspopularity.Thecampusisbeautiful.Inaddition,ithasexcellentfacilities,suchasanewgymnasium,computerlabsandalargelibrary.Butthemajorreasonisitsoutstandingfaculty.Theprofessors’classesarealwaysinterestingandinformative.CauseandeffectIdentifythepatternsusedtoorganizethefollowingparagraphs.Canaheroandavillaineverbealike?Strangely,itwouldseemliketheanswertothatquestionwouldbeno.However,whenitcomestoDracoMalfoyandHarryPotter,thetwoaremorealikethanyourealize.HarryPotterisdestinedtobethe“ChosenOne”.Hedidnotchoosethisdestiny,butitwasthrownonhimasachildbecauseofhoweventsunfoldedforhisfamily.Ontheotherhand,DracoMalfoyhasfamilyexpectationsofsidingwithandsupportingthedeatheatersbecauseofhisfather’saffiliation.FailuretofollowVoldemortcouldleadtonotonlyhisdeathbutthatofhisfamily.ComparisonandcontrastIdentifythepatternsusedtoorganizethefollowingparagraphs.YesterdaywasoneofthoseawfuldaysformewheneverythingIdidwentwrong.Inthemorning,Ididn’thearmyalarmclockandarrivedlateforwork.Then,Ididn’treadmyscheduleproperlyandforgottoattendanimportantmeetingwithmyboss.Duringthecoffeebreak,Idroppedmycoffeecupandspoiltmynewskirt.Atlunchtime,Ileftmypurseonabusandlostallthemoneythatwasinit.Whataday!TimeIdentifythepatternsusedtoorganizethefollowingparagraphs.Therearethreekindsofbookowners.Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbest-sellers—unread,untouched.(Thisindividualownswoodpulpandink,notbooks.)Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks—afewofthemreadthrough,mostofthemdippedinto,butallofthemascleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought.(Thispersonwouldprobablyliketomakebookshisown,butisrestrainedbyafalserespectfortheirphysicalappearance.)Thethirdhasafewbooksormany—everyoneofthemdog-earedanddilapidated,shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse,markedandscribbledinfromfronttoback.(Thismanownsbooks.)ClassificationIdentifythepatternsusedtoorganizethefollowingparagraphs.Writeaparagraphbyusingtheproperwayofparagraphdevelopment.WriteaparagraphtointroduceyourfavouriteChineseworkofliter