Unit1Art1.WordsandExpressions2.ReadingandThinking3.DiscoverUsefulStructures4.UsingLanguageContent目錄1WordsandExpressions1.preciseadj.準(zhǔn)確的；精確的preciselyadv.準(zhǔn)確地；精確地tobeprecise確切地說練習(xí)：1.Tobe_________(precise),thetrainleavesat10:28.2.Thecomputercan_________(precise)measureyourheight.preciseprecisely2.realisticadj.現(xiàn)實(shí)的；逼真的berealisticabout對……實(shí)事求是反：unrealisticadj.不切實(shí)際的realismn.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義realistn.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義畫家/作家/者練習(xí)：1.Wehavetobe_________(real)aboutourchancesofwinning.2.Itisnot_________(reality)toexpectpeopletospendsomuchmoney.realisticrealisticrealadj.真實(shí)的reallyadv.真正地realityn.真實(shí)；現(xiàn)實(shí)realizevt.實(shí)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)識到3.inparticular尤其；特別=particularlybeparticularabout/over對……講究/挑剔nothinginparticular沒什么特別的練習(xí)：1.Theteachersuggestedtousthatspecialattentionshouldbepaidtodetails________particularinexams.in4.setapartfrom使與眾不同；使突出；使優(yōu)于……besetapartfrom區(qū)別于setsth.apart(forsth.)留出；撥出take/pullapart拆開；拆散；拆卸tearapart撕碎tellapart辨別；區(qū)分fall/comeapart崩潰；破裂練習(xí)：1.BylearningChinese,thisforeignercansethimselfapart______otherjobapplicant.from5.breakthroughn.突破breakthrough突破；沖破breakup打碎；分裂；解體；分手breakawayfrom從……中脫離出去breakdown出故障，失敗，（身體）垮掉，分解，破壞breakintospl.強(qiáng)行闖入breakin強(qiáng)行闖入（無被動;不接賓語）breakout=burstout突然發(fā)生；（戰(zhàn)爭/火災(zāi)/疾病）爆發(fā)makeagreatbreakthroughin在某方面取得重大突破putout生產(chǎn)，輸出—outputn.產(chǎn)量；輸出comeout出現(xiàn)；結(jié)果是—outcomen.結(jié)果comein進(jìn)來—incomen.收入breakout爆發(fā)—outbreakn.爆發(fā)breakdown出故障—breakdownn.故障練習(xí)：1.Withmedical__________________(breakthrough),peoplearelivingahealthierandlongerlife.2.Don’tbesodiscouraged!Wehavemade_______greatbreakthroughinaway.breakthroughsa6.influentialadj.有很大影響力的；有支配力的influencen.&vt.影響beinfluentialto對……有影響haveaninfluence/effect/impacton對……有影響undertheinfluenceof…在……的影響下練習(xí)：1.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremely____________(influence)whenwe’remakingdecisions.influentialliveuptoone’sreputation不負(fù)盛名；名副其實(shí)loseone’sreputation名譽(yù)掃地win/earnareputation贏得名譽(yù)haveareputationfor/as…因?yàn)?作為……而出名練習(xí)：1.Asweallknow,thefamousauthor’sworksliveup_______hisreputation.to7.reputationn.名譽(yù)；名聲8.rankn.地位；級別；行列v.把……分等級；使排成行rankingn.排行；排名rank…as把……列為/評定為……rankamong位列；位居apainterofthefirstrank一流的畫家emergentadj.出現(xiàn)的；緊急的；新興的emergencen.出現(xiàn)；顯現(xiàn)；興起emergencyn.突發(fā)事件；緊急情況練習(xí)：1.Ifyoumeetthe___________(emerge)situationinthefuture,moneywillbethebesthelp.emergent9.emergev.出現(xiàn)；浮現(xiàn)；暴露emergefrom/outof…從……浮現(xiàn)出來conveyorn.傳送者；傳輸裝置conveysth.tosb.向某人表達(dá)/傳遞某物conveysb./sth.fromAtoB把某人或某物從A地運(yùn)送到B地練習(xí)：1.Pleaseconveymybestwishes________her.to10.conveyvt.表達(dá)；傳遞；傳送conveyone’sfeelings/meanings表達(dá)某人的感情/意思11.subsequentadj.隨后的；后來的；之后的subsequentlyadv.隨后；其后；后來subsequentto在……之后練習(xí)：1.TheeventsI’mspeakingofnowweresubsequent_______thewar.to12.fondadj.喜愛befondof喜愛；喜歡beafraidof害怕beproudof對……感到自豪befullof充滿=befilledwithbefreeof免于/沒有…….beashamedof對……感到羞愧beshortof缺乏練習(xí)：1.Heisfondof________(give)advicetoallmyfriends.giving喜歡：bekeenon…beintosth.goinforsth.becrazyabout…13.investmentn.投資額；投資；投入investvt.投資練習(xí)：1.Hiswise____________(invest)ofhiscapitalhasbroughtaboutagreatchangeinhislife.investmentmakeaninvestmentin對……投資14.permanentadj.永久的；永恒的；長久的反：temporaryadj.臨時(shí)的；暫時(shí)的dopermanentdamage造成永久性損傷15.memorialn.紀(jì)念碑；紀(jì)念物/品adj.紀(jì)念的；悼念的memoryn.記憶（力）memorizevt.記憶；記住memorableadj.顯著的；難忘的；值得紀(jì)念的inmemory/honorof為了紀(jì)念……練習(xí)：1.Hestudiedhismap,tryingto_____________(memory)thewaytoRose’shome.memorize16.criticizev.批評；指責(zé)；評價(jià)criticismn.批評；指責(zé)；評論criticn.評論家criticaladj.批評的；愛挑剔的criticizesb.for（doing）sth.因（做）某事批評某人練習(xí)：1.Mysister,aswellasherclassmateswhowerelateforclass,_________________(criticize)byMr.Hunt.wascriticized17.representativeadj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表representvt.代表；象征representsb./oneselfas/tobe…宣稱某人為/自稱是……represent…as…把……描繪成……representsth.tosb.向某人說明/傳達(dá)某事練習(xí)：1.Herepresentedhimself________afriendofmyfather’s.as18.declinen.&v.減少；下降；衰落declinetodosth.拒絕做某事declineto下降到/減少到declineby下降了/減少了adeclinein/ofsth.在某方面減少/下降indecline

=onthedecline在下降；在衰退fall/gointo(a)decline開始衰落；陷入衰退練習(xí)：1.Istilldeclined____________(accept)thehelpofmyclassmates.toaccept19.exhibitionn.展覽；表演exhibitvt.展覽；展出onexhibition/show/display在展覽中；在展出hold/have/giveanexhibition舉辦展覽會anexhibitiononlocalhistory關(guān)于當(dāng)?shù)貧v史的展覽練習(xí)：1.Whatkindofartis____exhibition?on20.entryn.加入；進(jìn)入；參與enterv.進(jìn)入；進(jìn)來entrancen.入口makeone’sentryto進(jìn)入練習(xí)：1.Thepopsingermadeherentry______thesoundofthunderousapplause.to21.civiladj.國民的；民用的；民事的；文明的civilizevt.教化；教導(dǎo)civilizationn.文明civilizedadj.文明的；開化的；有禮貌的練習(xí)：1.Lilylikestheancient_____________(civil).2.Chinaisa_________(civil)society.civilizationcivilized22.recognitionn.承認(rèn)；認(rèn)出；贊譽(yù)recognizevt.辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)Itisrecognizedthat…人們公認(rèn)……beyondrecognition=outofrecognition變得面目全非inrecognitionof為表彰recognize…as/tobe…承認(rèn)/認(rèn)出……是……berecognizedas/tobe…被認(rèn)為是……練習(xí)：1.Whentheyreturnedtenyearslater,theschoolhadbeenexpandedbeyond______________(recognize).recognition23.expansionn.擴(kuò)張；擴(kuò)展；擴(kuò)大expandv.增加；擴(kuò)展expansionofvocabulary擴(kuò)大詞匯量練習(xí)：1.Thebookisan____________(expand)ofaseriesoflecturesgivenbythefamousjournalistlastyear.expansion24.bring…tolife賦予……生命；使……鮮活起來cometolife蘇醒起來；活躍起來riskone’slife某人冒著生命危險(xiǎn)live/leada…life過著……的生活devoteone’slifeto獻(xiàn)身于；致力于（to為介詞）練習(xí)：1.Ilovetowatcheverythingcoming______lifeagaininthespring.to25.guaranteevt.保證；確保；肯定……必然發(fā)生n.保證；保修單guaranteetodosth.保證做某事beguaranteedtodosth.必定做某事練習(xí)：1.Canyougivemeyourguarantee________thegoodswillbedeliveredbeforeFriday?thatguarantee+that從句保證……26.worthyadj.值得……的；有價(jià)值的beworthyof值得值得做某事:1.beworthdoingsth.2.beworthyofbeingdone.3.beworthytobedone.4.Itisworthwhiletodosth.5.Itisworthwhiledoingsth.練習(xí)：1.Thereferencebookisworth___________(buy).buying27.nobleadj.高貴的；崇高的—noblyadv.崇高地sunrisen.日出—sunsetn.日落atsunrise在日出時(shí)subjectiveadj.主觀的—objectiveadj.客觀的n.目標(biāo)outerspace太空visualadj.視覺的；視力的—visionn.視力；視野—visibleadj.看的見的；可見的briden.新娘—bridegroomn.新郎humbleadj.謙遜的；虛心的；卑微的—humblyadv.謙遜地2ReadingandThinkingLoveofbeautyistaste.Thecreationofbeautyisart.--RalphWaldoEmerson愛美是一種品味；創(chuàng)造美則是一種藝術(shù)。--拉爾夫.沃爾多.愛默生西方繪畫簡史Para.11.Itis+adj.+(for/ofsb.)todosth.2.adj.準(zhǔn)確的；精確的3.n.定義4.作為；因?yàn)椋浑S著；正如；當(dāng)……時(shí)候；盡管5.做某事的方法6.幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來西方繪畫簡史Para.21.中世紀(jì)時(shí)期2.n.目的3.n.基督教4.對…….不感興趣5.adj.現(xiàn)實(shí)的；逼真的6.adj.原始的；遠(yuǎn)古的7.adj.二維的8.n.性格；角色；人物；字符9.adv.修飾比較級10.n.重要性11.adj.宗教的12.尤其；特別13.區(qū)別于14.強(qiáng)烈的情感沖擊西方繪畫簡史Para.3文藝復(fù)興adv.逐漸地vt.代替；取代因此全身貫注于……v.采取；收養(yǎng)adj.人文主義的對……的態(tài)度n.重大進(jìn)展；突破10.透視法的運(yùn)用11.adj.有很大影響力的12.指望；依賴；建立于13.n.創(chuàng)新西方繪畫簡史Para.4油彩顏料n.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義；寫實(shí)主義看起來像n.照片盡管早在；和……一樣早n.技巧；技術(shù)；手法達(dá)到頂峰9.作為……而出名10.“光影大師”西方繪畫簡史Para.5n.重點(diǎn)；強(qiáng)調(diào)adv.越來越多地從A轉(zhuǎn)移到B上n.貴族成員adj.崇高的；高貴的級別高的；地位顯赫的vt.&n.購買adj.準(zhǔn)確的；精確的8.n.神話9.n.委托人；客戶西方繪畫簡史Para.6n.印象派；印象主義n.攝影不再vt.保存；保留不得不做某事做某事的方法v.出現(xiàn)；浮現(xiàn)來自n.日出.印象10.vt.表達(dá)；傳遞11.光與運(yùn)動12.n.場面；畫面13.adj.主觀的14.adj.詳盡的；詳細(xì)的15.v.減慢西方繪畫簡史Para.7n.印象派畫家日常生活聚焦于；集中精力于不像充滿試圖做某事不僅……而且…外在形象內(nèi)在的溫暖10.n.人性；人道；人類11.也西方繪畫簡史Para.8adj.隨后的；后來的；之后的努力做某事v.分析存在于n.立體主義轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于試圖做某事adv.反之；作為代替不規(guī)則動詞understandteachbeginbuildfindsetseekgiveunderstoodtaughtbeganbuiltfoundsetsoughtgaveunderstoodtaughtbegunbuiltfoundsetsoughtgiven1.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?Howreligiouspaintingsdeveloped.Howoilpaintingsdeveloped.HowImpressionistpaintingsdeveloped.HowWesternpaintingsdeveloped.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?PaintingsintheMiddleAgeswereveryrealistic.Westernarthaschangedalotsincethe5thcentury.TheImpressionistpaintingswerepaintedmainlyindoors.ModernartbeganintheRenaissance.3.IntheRenaissance,painters__________.paintedreligiousscenesinamorerealisticstylefocusedmoreonreligionthanonhumansbegantopaintoutdoorbegantoadopttheuseofperspectiveandoilpaints4.WhatdoweknowabouttheRenaissance?LeonardodaVinciinventedoilpaintsduringthisperiod.Someofthegreatestoilpaintingswerecreatedduringthisperiod.Artistsnolongerbelievedinreligionduringthisperiod.Masacciowasthemostinfluentialartistduringthisperiod.5.WhatledtotheemergenceofImpressionism?Scenesofnature.Thelightandmovementinthescene.Theinventionofphotography.Adetailedrecordofthescene.6.WhatisPicasso’snewwayofpainting?Cubism.Abstractionism.Realism.Impressionism.notrealistic;primitiveandtwo-dimensional13thcentury;morerealisticandshowedrealpeopleinrealenvironmentlessreligiousthemesamorehumanisticattitudeuseofperspectiveuseofoilpaintsdeepcolorsandrealism,looklikephotographsemphasisshiftedtopeopleandtheworldaroundusportraitsofpeopleofhighrankthemesofhistoricaleventsandmythologyfollowedinventionofphotographypaintingswerenotneededtopreservewhatthingslookedlikeaimedtoconveylightandmovementratherthanrecordingrealisticdetailfocusedonpeople,nature,anddailylifefulloflight,shadow,colorandlifeshowedinnerlifeofthesubjecttooanalysedshapesofthenaturalworldinanewwayrealisticbutdream-likequalitiesabstractnolongershowedreality,butaskedthequestion“whatisare?”indifferentwaysImpressionismModernArtTheMiddleAgesTheRenaissancerealisticsubjectiveemergedinfluentialinparticularpurchasedwasfondofthemes3DiscoverUsefulStructuresTodo作表語1.定義+形式2.用法3.省略to的情況4.與doing形式作表語的區(qū)別5.練習(xí)定義：todo是動詞的非謂語形式，在句中不能充當(dāng)謂語，可以作除謂語之外的其他任何句子成分，包括：主語/賓語/表語/狀語/定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。1.定義+形式e.g.Toseeistobelieve.Mywishistobeadoctor.todo否定形式：nottodoe.g.Mywishisnottobeadoctor.todo被動語態(tài)：tobedonee.g.Themeetingistobeheldtomorrow.A.主語是名詞或what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，todo作表語對主語起補(bǔ)充說明作用，用于說明主語的內(nèi)容或目的。名詞:dream/wish/plan/job/work/duty/idea/purpose/aim/hope/business/advice/ambition/custom/desire/difficulty/experience/habit/happiness/hope/intention/method/principle/problem/reason/risk/role/task/thing/waye.g.Thegoalistoraisemoney.

WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.2.用法B.主語是todo,表語也用todo，前后保持一致。e.g.Togothereatthishourwastoriskone’slife.

Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither.2.用法C.主語是表示“人”的名詞或代詞，sb.betodosth.某人即將做某事。e.g.Heseemstoinherit100,000USdollars.Thedoctorsaretogiveyouanoperationtomorrow.D.當(dāng)主語包含定語從句且先行詞為代詞all或the+形容詞最高級theleast,themost時(shí)，其后可接“系動詞+todo”作句子的表語，對主語起補(bǔ)充說明作用。e.g.All

hewantedwastobeleftalone.

ThemostI’mlookingforwardtoistogotothesameuniversityasyou.2.用法3.省略to的情況A.兩個(gè)不定式由but,except連接，前有do后無to;前無do后有to.(這里的do指的是實(shí)義動詞，不是助動詞，前面出現(xiàn)did/does/done都遵循這個(gè)規(guī)則）e.g.Hedidnothingbutcallme.Youhavenochoicebuttotellmethetruth.B.What引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語，不定式作表語時(shí)，前有do后無to；前無do后有to.e.g.WhatIcandoisreadtheletteragainandagain.

WhatIwantistoaskaquestion.A.todo和doing作表語時(shí)可換用，要與主語保持一致。e.g.Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.4.與doing形式作表語的區(qū)別B.表示將來的行為或有待于實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為，必須用betodosth.(一次性具體行為）e.g.Theplaneistotakeoff.Herjobistolookafterthesickboy.C.表示主語的內(nèi)容，通常用doing作表語（長期習(xí)慣性行為）。

e.g.MyjobisteachingEnglish.Herjobislookingafterthesickboy.1.Thesolution,ofcourse,was__________(plant)treessotheanimalscouldseekshelterduringthedaytime.2.Toworkmeans_________(earn)aliving.3.Frommystandpoint,itallseems__________(work)verywell.4.Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyouare__________(succeed).5.Sheis____________(return)homefromAmericanextmonth.6.ThemostI’mlookingforwardtois________(go)tothesameuniversityasyou.7.Hishobbyis_________(collect)stamps.8.Thegoalofthepro